The present study was designed to investigate the effects of low altitude training on swimming performance with setting the same duration (3-wk) and the same level of altitude (2, 300m) . Eight male (Gm₁) swimmers aged 13 to 19 years and four male (Gm₂) and eight female (Gf₂) swimmers aged 13 to 18 years sent to Mexico City, and they conducted swimming work outs. All of them were top Japanese swimmers of various events. They repeated the swimming training twice a day continuously for four days with one day rest. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) were determined before, during and after the altitude training several times. The values of Hb, RBC and Hct of all three groups increased significantly from before training to after training except Hb in Gm₁. On the other hand, these three variables did not necessarily increase during the altitude training. Gm₁ and Gf₂ tended to increase Hb and RBC during the training. As for swimming performance at sea level, the individual best swimming records were improved significantly in 200m events, but not in 100m events in Gm₁. Therefore, it may be concluded that 3-wk altitude (2, 300m) training possibly improve swimming performance in the events equal to or longer than 200m at sea level.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of and to classify the types of silicosis patients who were working at that time as migrant workers in the eastern part of Toyama Prefecture. Migrant workers are known in Japanese as “dekasegi” This term refers to workers who migrate seasonally from their home towns to areas where work is more available.
Questionnaires were sent to all male inhabitants aged 30 or over in the selected five areas. Eighty-seven percent of the questionnaires were answered and returned. Based on the results, 482 inhabitants were selected as migrant workers with experience in jobs where they were exposed to large amount of dust. Chest roentgenography and subjective symptoms were examined in these subjects.
The results obtained were follows;
(1) Eight hundred and eighty-five of the respondents (41%) had worked as migrant workers.Of these, 580 men (66%) had worked in jobs with exposure to dust.
(2) Of the 482 migrant workers whose jobs exposed them to dust, 424 silicosis cases (88%) were found by chest roentgenographic examination. Silicosis is classified into four types according to the national Pneumoconiosis Law on the basis of chest roentgenographic findings. These patients included 195 cases of type 1, 123 cases of type 2, 59 cases of type 3 and 47 cases of type 4 silicosis.
(3) The prevalence of disease symptoms in the silicosis patients included ; cough 39%, phlegm 40%, shortness of breath 41%, palpitations 17% and wheezing in 20% of the cases. The silicosis patients showed a higher frequency of respiratory disease symptoms than those dust-exposed workers who did not evidence signs of silicosis.
(4) The silicosis patients were found in 98% of the migrant workers whose exposure to dust lasted a period of more than 20 years, 89% in men whose work was between 10 and 19 years and 76 % in men who had worked less than 10 years.
(5) The silicosis in 297 cases (70% of the total number of disease patients) was first detected during the examinations in the course of this research.

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of CO₂ rebreathing-equilibrium method (Collier, 1965) and extrapolation method (Defares, 1958) -for determining the mixed venous CO₂ pressure (PvCO₂) during exercise. Following a sitting rest for 5 min, five healthy males performed upright bicycle ergometer exercises with work rate of 100 and 150W for 5 min. During both at rest and in exercise, PvCO₂ was measured twice to evaluate the reproducibility of both methods. The equilibrium method was performed according to that by Jones & Campbell (1982) . In the extrapolation method, instead of using the graphical analysis described by Klauaen (1965), PvCO₂ was directly calculated by applying the modified exponential equation (Defares, 1958) . In the duplicate tests, coefficient of variation was lower while correlation coefficient was higher, with increasing work rate in both methods. It was noted that these tendencies were more pronounced in the extrapolation method than in the equilibrium method. It was concluded that in contrast to the results of Auchincloss et al. (1980), the extrapolation method was more reproducible than the equilibrium method.

Lambl's excrescences are the fibrous structures which are attached to the heart valve, and usually the presence of Lambl's excrescences alone is not an indication of operation. The operative indications of isolated Lambl's excrescence is still controversial, because some reports indicated cross relationship between Lambl's excrescences and cerebral embolism. Based on these facts, we discussed our 3 cases of Lambl's excrescences. Two of the cases had been complicated with severe mitral regurgitation and Lambl's excrescences were resected at the time of mitral valve plasty. In another case, Lambl's excrescence was found with echocardiography during chronic heart failure therapy. This patient had a past history of cerebral infarction, but no relationship of cerebral infarction was suggested. In this case, cardiac surgery was not required, so we followed isolated Lambl's excrescence without resection in this case. One operated case, which had infective endocarditis was suspected by echocardiography, had slighted inflammatory reaction but blood culture was negative. Diagnosis of Lambl's excrescence was made by histopathological examination. One report suggested that the cause of the cerebral infarction is not Lambl's excrescence itself but the thrombi around Lambl's excrescence. However, we hesitate to operate on isolated Lambl's excrescence. Based on some reports, it is useful to resect Lambl's excrescence when a concurrent cardiac operation is carried out to avoid cerebral embolic events.

A case of combined redo off-pump CABG (OPCAB) with right gastroepiploic artery and abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is reported. A 71-year-old man with a previous history of CABG was admitted for the operation of recurrent angina pectoris and known abdominal aortic aneurysm. Preoperative coronary angiograms showed obstruction of LITA graft for LAD. The operative procedure consisted of redo OPCAB using right gastroepiploic artery as a transdiaphragmatic graft under left antero-lateral thoracotomy and graft replacement of abdominal aortic aneurysm under median laparotomy simultaneously. This strategy has the advantage of avoiding the continuity of median sternotomy and laparotomy and contributes to the minimally invasive procedure in the combined operation.

A 2-month-old female Holstein calf and a 5-month-old female Japanese black calf presented with gingival vascular hamartoma located in the interdental space between the second and third mandibular incisors in the right and left mandibles, respectively. On radiographic or computed tomographic images, osteolytic changes appeared within the mandibular bones adjacent to the masses. The masses were removed along with affected mandibular bone by using unilateral rostral mandibulectomy. After surgery, both cases exhibited a normal appetite and grew normally, with no cosmetic changes or recurrences. Unilateral rostral mandibulectomy can be applied for invasive gingival vascular hamartomas associated with osteolytic changes.
Animals ; Appetite ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cattle ; Female ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Incisor ; Infant ; Mandible ; Mandibular Osteotomy ; Radiography ; Recurrence

Background/Aims: Chronic constipation and lifestyle factors can affect sleep quality. We evaluated the relationship between chronic constipation and sleep in the Japanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional internet-based survey included 3000 subjects with constipation, classified according to sleep status (good/poor).Primary endpoints were Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) score and correlations between sleep disorder criteria of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep status (good/poor sleep). Secondary endpoints included correlations between quality of life (QOL) and mood, medical, lifestyle, and sleep factors. Results: The proportion of participants with BSFS category 4 (normal stool) was significantly higher in the good sleep group (P < 0.001). Sleep disturbance (P < 0.05), sleep quality, and duration, use of hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction of PSQI (all P < 0.001) significantly correlated with poor sleep. In the poor sleep group, QOL was significantly worse and anxiety and depression levels were significantly higher (allP < 0.001) compared with the good sleep group. Anemia and smoking (both P < 0.05), recent body weight increases, and poor eating habits (all P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the poor sleep group. Male sex, onset associated with change in frequency of stools, sensation of incomplete evacuation for at least 25% of defecations, and manual maneuvers to facilitate at least 25% of defecations correlated with poor sleep. Conclusions Subjects with constipation and poor sleep experienced severe symptoms and had poor QOL. These data support the need for a multifocal treatment approach, including lifestyle advice and pharmacotherapy.

Background/Aims: Chronic constipation and lifestyle factors can affect sleep quality. We evaluated the relationship between chronic constipation and sleep in the Japanese population. Methods: This cross-sectional internet-based survey included 3000 subjects with constipation, classified according to sleep status (good/poor).Primary endpoints were Bristol stool form scale (BSFS) score and correlations between sleep disorder criteria of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep status (good/poor sleep). Secondary endpoints included correlations between quality of life (QOL) and mood, medical, lifestyle, and sleep factors. Results: The proportion of participants with BSFS category 4 (normal stool) was significantly higher in the good sleep group (P < 0.001). Sleep disturbance (P < 0.05), sleep quality, and duration, use of hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction of PSQI (all P < 0.001) significantly correlated with poor sleep. In the poor sleep group, QOL was significantly worse and anxiety and depression levels were significantly higher (allP < 0.001) compared with the good sleep group. Anemia and smoking (both P < 0.05), recent body weight increases, and poor eating habits (all P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the poor sleep group. Male sex, onset associated with change in frequency of stools, sensation of incomplete evacuation for at least 25% of defecations, and manual maneuvers to facilitate at least 25% of defecations correlated with poor sleep. Conclusions Subjects with constipation and poor sleep experienced severe symptoms and had poor QOL. These data support the need for a multifocal treatment approach, including lifestyle advice and pharmacotherapy.

A 44-year-old man was injured by concreate boards falling on the left side of his body, and he was transferred to our hospital on suspicion of a blunt traumatic aortic injury. The contrast-enhanced CT axial scan showed the abnormal alignment of the brachiocephalic artery and a mediastinal hematoma. However, a 3D-CT image showed a pseudoaneurysm in the aortic arch between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries. Immediately, partial arch replacement was performed. A 20 mm disruption was detected on the intimal surface of the arch aorta between the brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries. This case was a very rare condition of blunt traumatic aortic injury.

Objective: A few cases of an aseptic abscess after thoracic aortic surgery have been reported. However, it sometimes requires surgical treatment because the rapid growth of perigraft fluid collection results in exposure towards the body surface. We discuss the results of our treatment of these cases. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis. Four of 341 cases who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between April 2013 and March 2020 were included. These cases presented with a bulge of the body surface 10.3 (range, 3-27) months after surgery. Results: Although the fluids looked purulent in all cases, no bacteria were detected. We diagnosed them as aseptic abscess, for which omental implantation was performed. No signs of recurrence have been found in any cases even after 5.4 (range, 1-8.5) years. Conclusions: Omental implantation was effective for controlling aseptic abscess for long-term periods.