The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluctuation of the recovery period of autonomic nervous activity (ANA) after isokinetic exercise. Sixteen male subjects participated in this study after they turned in their consent forms.The subjects performed isokinetic knee extension-flexion exercise using BIODEX. We obtained the electro-cardiogram during the entire experiment. We calculated their heart rate (HR) and power spectral of R-R interval (LF is low frequency component, and HF is high frequency component. Both indexes were converted to a logarithm transformation as to lnHF and lnLF.) from pre-exercise period (PRE) and post-exercise period (POST).Some researchers reported that ΔlnHF of POST was lower and ΔLF/HF of POST was higher than those of PRE immediately after aerobic exercise; however, this study's results were in complete contrast.In conclusion, we found that the recovery periods after aerobic and isokinetic exercises of ANA are entirely different.

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of past injuries of female university soccer players in comparison with injuries in male university soccer players.
We investigated past injuries of female players (n=32) and male players (n=24) . A past injury was defined as any injury sustained during soccer that required admission to a team doctor, medical attention or absence from practices or games for more than seven days.
The most frequent injury was Joint Injuries in both female and male players. High occurrence of overuse injuries of lower leg was most apparent in the female players. The 32 female players had experienced 144 injuries, or 4.5 injuries per player, and the 24 male players had suffered 85 injuries, or 3.5 injuries per player. The numbers of injuries per player of female players were 1.3 times higher than the male players. Also, the incidence of injury was 0.64 (injury/player/year) in female players, and 0.27 (injury/player/year) in male players. The incidence of injury of female players was significantly larger than that of male players.
We conclude that the prevention and care of overuse injuries in lower leg is very important for female succor players.

No abstract available.
Air Pollution* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Osteoporosis*

Background
 According to the state of the world's children 2006, 28% of children under five years of age in sub-Sahara Africa are malnourished, which has serious effects on these children's health and lives.
 Extensive research has been conducted on child malnutrition in a variety of developing countries. These studies have established scientific indexes to lead and coordinate international action to assist the needy. Central African Republic, however, has been a blind spot. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to clarify the nutritional status and associated factors of 6 to 24-month-old children in the district of Boy-rabe, Bangui, Central African Republic.
Methods
 Participants were mothers with children aged 6-24 months who visited either a government-run clinic or the NGO-run clinic, Amis d'Afrique, between August 26th and September 16th of 2006. Mothers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and measurements of the children's weight and length were collected. Weight, length, and age data were compared with child growth standards proposed by the WHO to calculated z-scores for evaluatinglength-for-age (wasting), weight-for-length (stunted growth), and weight-for-age (underweight). The following factors were investigated for their association to malnutrition in children: “demographic characteristics”, “access to food”, “maternal and child-care practices”, and “poor water/sanitation and inadequate health services”.
Results
 A total of 126 mother-child pairs participated in this study and valid data from 109 pairs were subjected to analysis. The rates of wasting, stunted growth, and underweight children were 20.2%, 61.5% and 42.2%, respectively.
 Incomplete vaccination (p=0.043) and the mother not having a partner (p=0.046) were significantly associated with wasting. Stunted growth was found to be associated with older child's age (p<0.001), older mothers' age (p=0.005), mothers who had stopped breast-feeding (p=0.031), insufficient breast-feeding (p=0.032), mothers with child death experience (p=0.022), mothers with a number of delivery experiences (p=0.026) and mothers with a partner (p=0.042). Underweight children were associated with incomplete vaccination (p=0.043) and mothers with child death experience (p=0.046).
Conclusion
 In total, 8 factors were found to be significantly associated with child's malnutrition and household/family level. In particular, severe acute malnutrition, or wasting, was related to insufficient vaccination, while chronic malnutrition, or stunted growth, was significantly associated with breast-feeding.

OBJECTIVES: Air pollution is a growing concern in Korea because of transboundary air pollution from mainland China. A panel study was conducted to clarify the effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in outpatients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Korea. METHODS: Patients filled out a questionnaire including self-reported HR-QoL in February and were followed up in May and July. The study was conducted from 2013 to 2015, with different participants each year. Air quality parameters were applied in a generalized estimating equation as independent variables to predict factors affecting HR-QoL. RESULTS: Lower physical fitness scores were associated with Asian sand dust events. Daily activity scores were worse when there were high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10). Lower social functioning scores were associated with high PM less than 2.5 μm in diameter and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations. High NO2 concentrations also showed a significant association with mental health scores. Weather-related cough was prevalent when PM10, NO2, or ozone (O3) concentrations were high, regardless of COPD severity. High PM10 concentrations were associated with worsened wheezing, particularly in COPD patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that PM, NO2, and O3 cause respiratory symptoms leading to HR-QoL deterioration. While some adverse effects of air pollution appeared to occur regardless of COPD, others occurred more often and more intensely in COPD patients. The public sector, therefore, needs to consider tailoring air pollution countermeasures to people with different conditions to minimize adverse health effects.
Air Pollution* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Cough ; Dust* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mental Health ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Outpatients* ; Ozone ; Particulate Matter ; Physical Fitness ; Public Sector ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Quality of Life* ; Respiratory Sounds

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, transboundary air pollution from mainland East Asia has led to growing concerns about air pollution in Japan. Air pollution is reportedly associated with the exacerbation of respiratory diseases. In this study, we assessed the effects of air pollution on respiratory symptoms and the health status of participants with and without chronic respiratory diseases. METHODS: Participants (n=2753) with and without chronic respiratory diseases who visited healthcare facilities in Japan during February from 2010 to 2015 filled out a self-report questionnaire regarding their symptoms and perceived health status. Participants were followed up during April-May and June-July. RESULTS: Oxidant concentrations were associated with respiratory symptoms, overall health, and quality of life (QoL). Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate matter <2.5 μm levels were associated with physical fitness; SPM was also associated with QoL. Recent experience of an Asian sand dust event had a significant effect on allergic symptoms, change in health, and QoL. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory symptoms were more strongly affected by oxidants than by other pollutants. Significant associations of air pollutants were found with a comprehensive range of items related to perceived health status, including overall health and QoL. Although the effects of air pollutants on respiratory symptoms and health status were more apparent among patients with respiratory diseases, the adverse effects of air pollutants were significant even among participants without such conditions.

An 82-year-old patient underwent a left transfemoral amputation due to a malignant soft tissue tumor. He developed symptoms of chest pain and hypoxia on the 32nd day after the operation. These symptoms were caused by deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the stump and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), for which he was treated with anticoagulant therapy. Shortly after treatment he could resume a rehabilitation therapy. Patients with a lower extremity amputation have a higher risk of developing a DVT because of immobility and increased venous pooling in the residual limb. Even with a short stump as in this case, it is important to actively train the range of motion of the joint and try to prevent DVT.

An 82-year-old patient underwent a left transfemoral amputation due to a malignant soft tissue tumor. He developed symptoms of chest pain and hypoxia on the 32nd day after the operation. These symptoms were caused by deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the stump and acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), for which he was treated with anticoagulant therapy. Shortly after treatment he could resume a rehabilitation therapy. Patients with a lower extremity amputation have a higher risk of developing a DVT because of immobility and increased venous pooling in the residual limb. Even with a short stump as in this case, it is important to actively train the range of motion of the joint and try to prevent DVT.