[Objective] To explore effect of momordin on reversion of multidrug resistance(MDR) in K562/A02 cells,and expression and function of P-glycoprotein(P-gp).[Methods] IC50 was detected by CCK-8,and expression of P-gp and retention of ADM in K562/A02 cells were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).[Results] Momordin can improve sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to many kinds of chemotherapeutical drugs,result in decrease of expression of P-gp,and raise concentration of ADM within cells.[Conclusion] Momordin can partly reverse drug resistance of K562/A02 cells,the mechanism of reversion is related with down regulation of expression of P-gp.

Objective: To understand and grasp the current situation and actual demands of China’s pharmaceutical industry, in order to provide a basis for the establishment of the chemometrics guideline in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
Methods: Online questionnaire was adopted to investigate the chemometrics backgrounds and demands of pharmaceutical industry practitioners.
Results: The practitioners of China’s pharmaceutical industry had certain expectations and demands for the chemometrics guideline, but the situation of talent reserves was not that optimistic.
Conclusions: It is extremely urgent to develop the chemometrics guideline, as general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which serve as the legal basis to guide the data quality control, the establishment of analytical methods and the verification of analytical methods in analytical practice, so as to ensure the scientific of multivariate analysis methods and reliability of analytical results, and will be conducive to promoting the improvement of China’s pharmaceutical level.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technology combined with cluster analysis method was used to classify 75 batches of crystalline ceftriaxone sodium into subtypes, the crystalline characteristics of each subtype were measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparing some parameters of these subtypes correlated to crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium, such as salification rate, water content in different subtypes, as well as by studying different lattice stabilities, different compatibilities with rubber closures during accelerated stability tests, the key point to improve the quality of domestic ceftriaxone sodium was disclosed. The results of this paper indicated that the fine structure of the products could be controlled well by improving the salification and crystallization process. As a result, the subtype II of ceftriaxone sodium with high stability can be produced.

Objective To explore the continuous improvement to reduce the suctioning pediatrics lumen instruments return-cleaning rate of the first time washing, improve work efficiency and reduce the cost by applying root cause analysis. Methods Using causal analysis of fishbone diagram to analysis and verify the main reason of leading to high lumen instruments return-cleaning rate. According to the three terminal factors of continuous quality improvement, quality control group was set up, lumen instruments cleaning quality control standards was made, water flow mode of lumen instruments cleaning was changed, selected the appropriate cleaning tools and real picture show, synchronize quality control measures of publishing the quality and safety board. Compared before and after return-cleaning rate of three different detection methods and the different parts of the same suction lumen instruments. Results Before carrying out eye-measurement, cotton swab to wipe, ATP bioluminescence back washing rate was 0.89% (2/225), 7.11%(16/225), 27.11%(61/225), respectively after implementation of 0, 0.44%(1/226), 3.98%(9/226), visual observation before and after the return rate of washing was no statistically significant difference (χ2=2.018, P>0.05);Cotton swab to wipe, ATP bioluminescence back washing rate difference was statistically significant (χ2=13.820, 45.999, P<0.01). The lumen instruments total return-washing rate was decreased from 35.11% (79/225) to 4.42% (10/226). Among them, the return- washing rate of the inside surface of lumen instruments was decreased from 32.89% (74/225) to the 3.10% (7/226) and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=67.028, 67.915,P<0.01). By contraries, the thread interface and the outside surface of lumen instruments return- cleaning rate before and after the implementation has no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions ATP bioluminescence assay has fine effects to detect the return-washing rate of the inner wall of the lumen instruments. The Root Cause Analysis method significantly reduced the return-washing rate of the inside surface of the suction lumen instruments, improve the efficiency, save the medical cost and reduce the hospital infection.

BACKGROUND: Development of liver fibrosis accompanies many morphological and functional changes. The pathological alterations of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rats are similar to those of human liver fibrosis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic changes in morphology and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type Ⅳ collagen in rats with liver fibrosis induced by DMN.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Laboratory of Teaching and Research Section of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University.MATERIALS: Eighty 3-month-old male rats of clean grade with 175-200 g body mass were selected, which were provided by the animal center of College of Medicine, Yanbian University. Agents: Dimethylnitrosamine provided by Sigma company, α smooth muscle actin by Dako company, Sirius red by Aldrich chem company, serum hyaluronic acid,laminin and type Ⅳ collagen kit by Sino-American Biotechnology Company, rabbit-anti-rat I g by Dako, Denmak company. Devices: JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope made in Japan; enzyme linked immuno analyzer made in Japan; and CMTAS multifunction true color pathological image analysis system developed by Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the College of Medicine, Yanbian University from June 2004 to December 2005. The rats were divided into 2 groups by lot: model group (n =40): The rats were intraperioneally injected with 10 g/L DMN (10 μL/kg) once daily, 3 days a week for 4 weeks; control group (n =40): The matching normal saline was injected at the same period; the blood from the left ventricle was collected and frozen in refrigerator at -70 ℃ before the rats were killed at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 and the liver tissue was removed for electron and light microscope observation. ①The dynamic changes in the content of serum HA, LN and type Ⅳ collagen were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). ②The morphological changes and liver fibrosis grading were examined by HE staining,immunohistochemical Sirius-red staining (liver fibrosis degree was classified into 5 grades: grade 0: no fibrosis; grade 1:fibrosis in portal area; grade 2: fibrotic septa between portal tracts; grade 3: fibrosis septa and structure disturbance of hepatic lobule; grade 4: cirrhosis), meanwhile, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis was calculated. ③The hepatic stellate cells were detected with transmission electron microscope and immunohistochemical alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) staining. ④The correlation between area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis during liver fibrosis formation and the serum levels of HA, LN and type Ⅳ collagen was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①The changes in the serum levels of HA, type Ⅳ collagen and LN during liver fibrosis formation; ②The morphological changes and liver fibrosis grading and area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis; ③Transformation and distribution characteristics of hepatic stellate cells; ④The correlation between area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis and the serum levels of HA, LN and type Ⅳ collagen.RESULTS: Among the 80 rats, 34 of the experimental group were modeled successfully, which were involved in the result analysis with the 40 rats in the control group. ①The levels of serum HA, type Ⅳ collagen and LN of the model group were significantly higher compared with the control group from day 7 to 28 (P ＜ 0.05), especially that on the 28th day. ②In the model group, the portal area of the rats showed hemorrhagic necrosis at day 7 after injection of DMN; at day 14,hemorrhage, necrosis and thin fibrotic septa joining central areas of liver were found; at days 21 and 28, thick septa was found; The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis of the model group was significantly higher compared with the control group at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 (P ＜ 0.05), especially that on the 28th day. There were significant differences in the liver pathologic grading between the two groups at each time point (P ＜ 0.01); the pathologic grading of the model group at day 7 differed from those at days 14 and 28 (P ＜ 0.01). ③The α-SMA positive cells and a transitional hepatic stellate cell were found under the electron microscopy; typical myofibroblast was observed in the model group at day 21 and 28 under the electron microscopy. ④The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis was positively correlated with the content of serum HA, LN and type Ⅳ collagen (r=0.707, 0.675, 0.662, P＜ 0.01).CONCLUSTON: There are significantly progressional changes in morphological and serum levels of HA, type Ⅳ collagen and LN in different stages of DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats, moreover, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis is positively correlated with the serum levels of HA, LN and type Ⅳ collagen at different stages.

Objective To investigate maternal risk factors for fetal congenital heart diseases (CHD). Methods A case-control study was conducted on 16 645 pregnant women who underwent cardiovascular malformation screening for fetal cardiovascular system,whose pregnancy outcomes were recorded,and whose newborns were scanned by an echocardiography in Peking University People's Hospital,Haidian,Changping,Mentougou and Daxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from Nov.2006 to Oct.2009.One hundred and twelve pregnant women whose babies were found to be CHD (40 severe CHD and 72 simple CHD) before or after delivery were taken as study group.Women in control group (n =304) were randomly selected from those pregnant women who had infants without CHD.Logistic regression analysis and x2 test were used to analyze the maternal risk factors for fetal CHD. Results (1) The average age of women whose infants had severe CHD was 28.3 years (21-40 years),and it was 29.9 years (22-39 years) for women whose infants had simple CHD.There were no significant differences between the control group (29.5 years,20-44 years) and the above two groups (t=1.511 and -0.826,P=0.138 and 0.410 respectively).(2) Single factor analysis:during first trimester,the rate of upper respiratory infection (18/39,46.2 ％) and exposure to certain chemicals (13/40,32.5％) of severe CHD group were higher than those of control group [(14.9％ (45/303) and 2.0％ (6/304)] (x2 =22.399 and 62.678,OR=4.895 and 23.753,95％CI:2.419-9.905 and 8.358-67.506,P =0.000 respectively).Compared with control group (0.0％,0/304),the rate of pregnant women with CHD family history in simple CHD group was significantly higher (4.2％,3/72)(Fisher exact test,P=0.007).(3) Logistic regression analysis:maternal upper respiratory infections (OR =5.120,95％CI:2.340-11.206,P =0.000) and exposure to certain chemicals (f)R=23.030,95％CI:7.506-70.665,P=0.000) during first trimester were risk factors for fetal severe CHD. Conclusions Upper respiratory infection and exposure to certain chemicals during first trimester might play important roles in the occurrence of fetal severe CHD.Maternal family history of CHD might associate with fetal simple CHD.

Objective:To study the molecular mechanism for momordin in inducing apoptosis of multidrug-resistant human chronic leukemia K562/A02 cells. Methods:The growth inhibition value of K562/A02 cells was detected by CCK-8 method. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin Ⅴ flow cytometry (FCM) and cell morphological examination. FCM was also used in determining expression of P-glycoprotein, p53 protein, bcl-2 protein and caspase activity. Results:Momordin inhibited the proliferation of K562/A02 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also induced cell apoptosis, reduced the expression of P-glycoprotein, p53 protein and bcl-2 protein, and increased caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity.Conclusion:Momordin reversed the inhibition of apoptosis in multidrug-resistant K562/A02 cells. The molecular mechanism may be related with down-regulation of expression of p53 protein, P-glycoprotein, and bcl-2 protein and up-regulation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities.

AIM: To study the effect of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation on the adhesion and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) stimulated by fibronectin (FN). METHODS: Cultured SMCs were stimulated by different concentrations of FN.FAK expression and phosphorylation were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blot. To investigate the modulating effect of FAK on tyrosine phosphorylation and SMCs adhesion and migration, FAK antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were transfected into SMCs by actionic lipid method. RESULTS: FAK expression increased when SMCs adhesion and migration were induced by FN at different concentrations used in the experiment. However, FAK phosphorylation was only observed by FN stimulation at concentration of 20 mg/L. FAK antisense ODNs inhibited FAK phosphorylation magnificently. The migration rates of SMCs were reduced by 17.89%-27.67% when FN was used at concentration from 5 mg/L to 60 mg/L. The decreased migrating cell numbers were showed the same patterns. The apoptotic SMCs were 33.57% higher than that control ( P

AIM: To explore the change of the expression of cell adhesion molecule CD_ 54 and CD_ 44 in erythroleukemic K562 apoptosis cells induced by momordin from momordica charantia seeds and study the effects of cell adhesion molecule CD_ 54 and CD_ 44 on cell apoptosis induced by momordin. METHODS: After the treatment of K562 cells with appropriated concentration momordin, CCK-8 test was employed to determine K562 cells growth; flow cytometry FACScan (FITC-Annexin V staining) and electron microscopy were used to detect apoptosis; The expression of CD_ 54 and CD_ 44 were examined by flow cytometry FACScan (FITC-CD_ 54 and PE-CD_ 44 staining). RESULTS: CCK-8 test showed K562 cells growth was significant inhibited by momordin; the apoptosis was detected by cell morphology and flow cytometry FACScan (FITC-Annexin V) in K562 cells after treatment by appropriated concentration momordin. The expressions of CD_ 54 and CD_ 44 in momordin treated K562 cells were 18.62 % and 1.32 % respectively, and in negative momordin treated K562 cells were 0.25 % and 0.17 % respectively, and momordin could up-expresses the protein of CD_ 54 18.37 % and CD_ 44 1.15 %. CONCLUSION: Momordin can markedly induce the K562 cell to apoptosis. The up-expressions of CD_ 54 exist in the process of apoptosis induced by momordin. The change of cell adhesion molecule maybe one of the key factors in the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by momordin, and its mechanism maybe involve in adhesion-dependent apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of Flu/ivBu/Tl" conditioning regimen for the treatment of refractory or relapsed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietie stem cell transplantation. Methods Seven patients with refractory or relapsed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia received HLA identical peripheral blood hematopoietie stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) following Flu/ivBu/TY conditioning regimen, which consisted of fludarbine, busulfex and thiotepa. All patients received cyclos-porin A (CsA) and mycophenolet mofetil (MMF) for prophylaxis of graft - versus - host disease (GVHD). Results The Flu/IVBu/TT regimen was tolerated very well, without severe regimen related toxicity. In the 31-month median follow-up duration, 5 of 7 patients were a-live in disease-free situation. Conclusion The Flu/ivBu/TT conditioning regimen reduced transplantation-related toxicities and offered high long-term disease-free survival, and was tolerated very well. Allogeneie hematopoietie stem cell transplantation using Flu/ivBu/TT condition-ing regimen is a safe and effective option for the patients with refractory/relapsed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.