Objective The homological analysis of a foodborne disease outbreak event that occurred on July 15, 2022, in Sanya was carried out to provide scientific basis for clinical treatment, incident tracing and prevention and control, and to explore the feasibility of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the homology analysis of Salmonella bacteria. Methods The traceability analysis of food poisoning incidents was accurately analyzed through the combination of traditional bacterial detection methods, PFGE, MALDI-TOF MS and the clinical symptom, epidemiological characteristics. Results In this outbreak, 14 cases of poisoning symptoms such as fever, nausea, and vomiting appeared, all of which had a history of dining in the same restaurant, with similar onset and clinical manifestations. Among them, one was the chef who made the fried rice in the restaurant. The pathogen culture and identification showed that it was caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis. Among the 14 cases of patients, 5 cases of Salmonella choleraesuis, 3 cases of Salmonella typhimurium, with the positive rate of 57.14% (8/14). One case of environment and two cases of food were detected. The result of PFGE showed nine PFGE types, 95.00% homology for 7 strains, and 94.00% homology for 4 strains. Conclusions The food poisoning was caused by eating egg fried rice containing Salmonella choleraesuis and pork intestine containing Salmonella typhimurium. In the future, , it is necessary to strengthen the risk monitoring of food contamination and harmful factors, to ensure food safety from the source of food supply, and to prevent the occurrence of foodborne infection events. At the same time, it is also crucial to standardize the health check of related personnel, and to conduct multi-channel education on the harm and prevention of foodborne diseases.