Virtual reality simulators and surgical demonstration were used in laparoscopic teaching combining teacher' guiding with students' practice to improve the teaching effectiveness hecause of the limitations of the traditional apprenticeship teaching methods.The new method was applied for 2 cycles and for 6 weeks.The results showed that the teaching methods of virtual reality simulators combined with surgical demonstration can significantly improve the effectiveness of laparoscopic teaching and shorten the initial learning curve,therefore it is worth promoting in laparoscopic operation training and teaching.

To establish a new kind of minimally invasive surgical model of transurethral prostate enucleation operation and method that makes the operation easier and reduces the surgeon learning curve.According to the order and the path of surgical operation,prostate enucleation operation is split into 4 different modules named as A,B,C,D,and it is called modular transurethral enucleation of the prostate.The operation mode optimizes the process of operation design, modularizes the contents of surgical procedures,processes,and reduces the difficulty of the operation,and simplifies the surgical procedure,which can effectively shorten the operation time and make it easy for beginners to carry out and control the procedure.It has a great popularization value.

Ameloblastoma is a relatively common benign tumor that occurs in the dental epithelial tissues, which is characterized with local infiltration and growth, high-risk recurrence and metastasis, etc. At present, radical osteotomy is the main treatment of ameloblastoma, whereas it yields high recurrence rate and causes multiple postoperative complications such as facial and functional deformities, etc. For inoperable patients, non-surgical interventions, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecule-targeted therapy, are urgently needed to improve prognosis and retain organs. This article summarizes the current status and research progresses on non-surgical treatment of ameloblastoma, aiming to provide evidence for individualized treatment of ameloblastoma.

Objective:Ameloblastoma (AM) is a rare tumor derived from dental epithelial tissues, which is prone to recurrence and infiltration. This study aims to identify the prognostic factors of AM.Methods:207 ameloblastoma patients were screened from the SEER database. A Cox regression model and nomogram were constructed to evaluate the factors on the overall survival. Clinical data of 61 patients admitted to Hunan Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The independent factors of recurrence rate were analyzed by the Cox regression model.Results:The results on the SEER database showed that age, tumor size, type of surgery, radiotherapy were important prognostic factors of the overall survival. The nomogram was constructed and the C-index was equaled to 0.821, indicating this model was moderately accurate. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 0.852, 0.869, 0.856, and 0.879, indicating this model had relatively high sensitivity and specificity. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis suggested that overall survival in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group ( P<0.001). Based on retrospective analysis, clinical symptoms and type of surgery were the independent factors of the local recurrence rate. Kaplan- Meier survival analysis found the recurrence rate of facial swelling and pain was lower compared to those of other symptoms. Compared with the palliative surgery, radical surgery could decrease the recurrence rate. Conclusions:Age, tumor size, type of surgery, and radiotherapy may be important factors of the overall survival. Type of surgery and clinical symptoms are probably the independent factors of the recurrence rate.

With the development of medical technology, tumor vaccines as a novel precise immunotherapy approach have gradually received attention in clinical applications. Against the backdrop of the global corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, vaccine technology has further advanced. Depending on the types of antigens, tumor vaccines can be divided into whole-cell vaccines, peptide vaccines, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, recombinant virus vaccines, etc. Although some tumor vaccines have been marketed and achieved certain therapeutic effects, the results of tumor vaccines in clinical trials have been unsatisfactory in the past period. With the maturation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the continuous development of bioinformatics, dynamic monitoring of the entire process of tumor subpopulation development has become a reality, which has laid a solid foundation for personalized, neoantigen-centered therapeutic tumor vaccines. This article reviews the recent developments of tumor vaccines of different types, starts with lung cancer and summarizes the achievements of tumor vaccines in clinical applications, and provides an outlook for the future development of antigen-centered tumor vaccines.
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Humans ; Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use* ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Neoplasms/genetics* ; Computational Biology ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Lung

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-culture with AEC (amniotic epithelial cell) on the biological characteristics of AMSC (amniotic mesenchymal stem cell), and to investigate the roles of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the homing and migration of AMSC. Methods: AMSC andAEC were isolated from human amnion, and then cultured, amplified and identified, respectively. TheAMSC were divided into three groups:AEC co-cultured group, serum-free cultured group and serum cultured group.After culture for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, the proliferation viability ofAMSC was measured by CCK-8 assay and trypan blue staining; the expression of CXCR4 mRNAwas analyzed by flow cytometry and Real-time RT-PCR, and the migration ability ofAMSC in vitro was observed by migration assay. Results: Cell viability (48 h and 72 h) and survival rate in the co-culture and serum groups were higher than those in the serum-free group (all P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 in AMSC of the co-culture and serum-free groups were significantly higher than those of the serum group (P<0.05). The migration ability of AMSC in the co-culture and serumfree groups, which increase with the SDF-1 (stromal cell derived factor-1) concentration gradient, were higher than that in the serum group (P<0.05). Conclusion: AMSC co-cultured with AEC still have the basic biological characteristics of MSC, and showed good growth activity. Co-culture withAEC can up-regulate CXCR4 onAMSC surfaces and enhance the migration ability ofAMSC in vitro.