plasmid can be used to study the pathogenic mechanism of target gene products of L.interrogans.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the meso-cavo-atrial shunt (MCAS) in the treatment of combined Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Methods The clinical data of 17 cases of combined BCS with all or bilateral hepatic vein occlusion and long range occlusion or obstruction of inferior vena cava (IVC) were admitted to the Qilu Hospital from February 2000 to May 2004. All patients were treated by MCAS with artificial blood vessels. The pre- and postoperative clinical symptoms, the IVC and portal venous (PV) pressures, the incidence of postoperative complications and the patency rate of the artificial vessels were analyzed. The survival of patients was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and t test. Results No patient died during the perioperative period, and the symptoms of 15 patients disappeared or were relieved after operation, with a significant difference compared with those before operation (χ2 =9.78, P <0. 05 ). Three patients had complications after the operation. The postoperative PV and IVC pressures were decreased by 1.2 cm H2O (1 cm H2O =0.098 kPa) and 18.5 cm H2O, respectively. There were significant differences in the decrease of IVC and PV pressures ( t = 2.38, 3.06, P < 0.05 ). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 16/17, 15/17 and 14/17, respectively, and the 5-year patency rate of the artificial vessels was 14/17.Conclusions MCAS can simultaneously relieve IVC and PV hypertension for patients with combined BCS. The postoperative complication rate was decreased, the 5-year survival rate and the patency rate of the artificial vessels were improved after the treatment, so MCAS is an optional surgical method for treating combined BCS.

Objective:To explore a new method of whole-process digital esthetic prosthodontic rehabilitation combined with periodontic surgery for complicated anterior teeth esthetic defects accompanied by soft tissue morphology,to provide an alternative choice for solving this problem under the guidance of three-dimensional (3 D) printing digital dental model and surgical guide,thus completing periodontic surgery and digital esthetic rehabilitation of anterior teeth.Methods:In this study,12 patients with complicated esthetic problems accompanied by soft tissue morphology in their anterior teeth were included.The dentition and facial images were obtained by intra-oral scanning and three-dimensional (3D) facial scanning and then calibrated.Two esthetic designs and prosthodontic outcome predictions were created by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software combined with digital photography,including consideration of white esthetics and comprehensive consideration of pink-white esthetics.The predictive design of prostheses and the facial appearances of the two designs were evaluated by the patients.If the patients chose the design of comprehensive consideration of pink-white esthetics,they would choose whether they would receive periodontic surgery before esthetic rehabilitation.The dentition design cast of those who chose periodontic surgery would be 3D printed for the guide of periodontic surgery accordingly.Results:In light of the two digital designs based on intra-oral scanning,facing scanning and digital photography,the satisfaction rate of the patients was significantly higher for the comprehensive consideration of pink-white esthetic design (P ＜ 0.05) and more patients tended to choose priodontic surgery before esthetic rehabilitation.The 3 D printed digital dental model and surgical guide provided significant instructions for periodontic surgery,and achieved success transfer from digital design to clinical application.The prostheses were fabricated by CAD/CAM,thus realizing the whole-process digital esthetic rehabilitation.Conclusion:The new method for esthetic rehabilitation of complicated anterior teeth esthetic defects accompanied by soft tissue morphology,including patient-involved digital esthetic analysis,design,esthetic outcome prediction,3D printing surgical guide for periodontic surgery and digital fabrication is a practical technology.This method is useful for improvement of clinical communication efficiency between doctor-patient,doctor-technician and doctors from different departments,and is conducive to multidisciplinary treatment of this complicated anterior teeth esthetic problem.

Objective:To explore a method of constructing universal 3-dimensional (3D)colorized digital dental model which can be displayed and edited in common 3 D software (such as Geomagic se-ries),in order to improve the visual effect of digital dental model in 3D software.Methods:The mor-phological data of teeth and gingivae were obtained by intra-oral scanning system (3Shape TRIOS),con-structing 3D digital dental models.The 3D digital dental models were exported as STL files.Meanwhile, referring to the accredited photography guide of American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD),five selected digital photographs of patients’teeth and gingivae were taken by digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR) with the same exposure parameters (except occlusal views ) to capture the color data.In Geomagic Studio 201 3,after STL file of 3D digital dental model being imported,digital photographs were projected on 3D digital dental model with corresponding position and angle.The junctions of different photos were carefully trimmed to get continuous and natural color transitions.Then the 3 D colorized digital dental model was constructed,which was exported as OBJ file or WRP file which was a special file for software of Geomagic series.For the purpose of evaluating the visual effect of the 3 D colorized digital model,a rating scale on color simulation effect in views of patients’evaluation was used.Sixteen patients were recruited and their scores on colored and non-colored digital dental models were recorded.The data were analyzed using McNemar-Bowker test in SPSS 20.Results:Universal 3D colorized digital dental model with better color simulation was constructed based on intra-oral scanning and digital photography. For clinical application,the 3D colorized digital dental models,combined with 3D face images,were in-troduced into 3D smile design of aesthetic rehabilitation,which could improve the patients’cognition for the esthetic digital design and virtual prosthetic effect.Conclusion:Universal 3 D colorized digital dental model with better color simulation can be constructed assisted by 3 D dental scanning system and digital photography.In clinical practice,the communication between dentist and patients could be improved as-sisted by the better visual perception since the colorized 3 D digital dental models with better color simula-tion effect.

In this study ,we aimed to understand the sequence characteristics ,transmembrane structures ,line B cell epitopes present in the OMP18 from Campylobacter jejuni ,and provide candidate antigens for the antibody detection and vac-cine development .NCBI/Blast ,TMHMM Server V2 and DNA Star softwares were used for the OMP18 sequence analysis . Based on the ELISA ,the whole bacterial antibody IgG of Campylobacter jejuni was used for the identification of the predicted line B cell epitopes .The OMP18 gene was found conserved in different Campylobacter jejuni strains .The OMP18 was predic-ted to be located on the outer surface of the bacteria .And three line B cell epitopes were determined to be present in the OMP18 protein .As a conclusion ,the OMP18 protein was confirmed to be an important outer membrane protein ;three line B cell epitopes were identified in the OMP18 ,which could be further used for Campylobacter jejuni antibody detection and vaccine development .

Objective To compare and analyze the dosimetric discrepancy of combind intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy using three different kinds of optimization method in locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods Totally 20 cases of locally advanced cervical cancer were selected and divided into three groups according to different optimization method which include manual optimization group (MO) based on graphical optimization,inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA 1)based on simulated annealing optimization algorithm,IPSA 2 based on IPSA 1 with limitation on maximum dose of target.The dose volume histogram parameters of the targets (V200,V150,V100,D100,D90,HI) and the OARs(D0.1 cm3,D1 cm3 and D2 cm3) were analyzed.Results For CTV,compared with MO,there was no significantly statistical difference in D100between IPSA 1 and IPSA 2(P ＞ 0.05).However,V200,V150,V100 and HI for ISPA1 were better than for ISPA2 (t =-3.422-9.910,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,V100 and D100 in ISPA1 were better than in ISPA2 (t =7.238,5.032,P ＜0.05).For OARs,D0.1 cm3,D1 cm3 and D2 cm3 in rectum,bladder,sigmoid colon of both ISPA 1 and ISPA 2 were dramatically lower than those of MO (t =2.235 5.819,P ＜ 0.05),without significantly statistical difference found between ISPA1 and ISPA2.Conclusions For combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer,all treatment plans based on three different kinds of optimization methods can meet the clinical need.Moreover,inverse optimization can ensure dose coverage over target and reduce maximum dose of rectum,bladder and sigmoid colon.

Objective: To investigate the impact of bladder filling status on the movement of uterine and on the volume of organs at risk(OAR), so as to provide theoretical basis for individualized internal target volume (ITV) and planning target volume (PTV). Methods: Simulation CT images for a total of 27 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were acquired with empty bladder, 1.0 h after bladder filling, 1.5 h after bladder filling, respectively. The volumes of uterine corpus, cervix, OARs, CTV and PTV 1.0 h after bladder filling were delineated. The impact of bladder filling status on the displacements of cervix and corpus, volumetric changes of rectum, small intestine, and the volumes of small intestine, bladder and rectum within PTV were analyzed. The correlation between bladder filling status and uterine displacement and volume of OAR was also investigated, as well as the volume of cervix and corpus in the PTV with empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling. Results: Bladder filling status is different for individual cases. The maximum movement range of cervix and uterine body with bladder filling state was 0-3.04 cm and 0-4.31 cm respectively. The anterior displacements of corpus (F=7.818, P<0.05), the volumetric changes of blander, as well the volume of bladder and small intestine in the PTV (F=46.197, 44.609, 29.546, P<0.05) were significantly different between different bladder filling status. The bladder filling status was correlated with the displacements of the anterior of corpus, volumetric changes of small intestine, and the volumes of bladder and small intestine within the PTV (r=-0.232, -0.298, 0.915, -0.336, P<0.05). The volumes of cervix and corpus out of the PTV were significantly different between the empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling (t=-1.326, -1.559, P<0.05). Conclusions Bladder filling status was different for individual patients. The displacements of the anterior of the corpus were significantly affected by the bladder filling status. Increasing the anterior margin of PTV was recommended. The consistency of bladder filling status was critical for the precise cervical cancer IMRT.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of cervix-uterine internal target volume (ITV) in volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for cervical cancer under different bladder filling conditions, aiming to obtain more accurate planning target volume (PTV).Methods:Sixty-two patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy rather than surgery were selected and randomly divided into the study ( n=31) and control groups ( n=31). In the study group, individualized ITV, PTV and PTV margin were obtained under three bladder filling status by localization CT scan to compare the VMAT. The target area and organs at risk (OARs) within the target area were statistically compared between two groups. The target missing rate in CBCT, adverse events and short-term efficacy of radiotherapy were analyzed in two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the volume of target area and OARs in the target area between two groups (both P>0.05). In the study group, the target missing rate and target missing volume were significantly lower compared with those in the control group (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acute radiation-induced adverse events between two groups ( P>0.05). The 1-, 2-year overall survival and progress-free survival did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0.05). One patient in the study group had uterine recurrence and 2 cases in the control group. Conclusion:Application of individualized cervix-uterine ITV and PTV in definitive VMAT under different bladder filling conditions can improve the accuracy of target area contouring and improve the local control rate in cervical cancer patients.

The human serum proteome is closely associated with the state of the body. Endogenous peptides derived from proteolytic enzymes cleaving on serum proteins are widely studied due to their potential application in disease-specific marker discovery. However, the reproducibility of peptidome analysis of endogenous peptides is significantly influenced by the proteolytic enzymes within body fluids, thereby limiting the clinical use of the endogenous peptides. We comprehensively investigated the N and C terminus of endogenous peptides using peptidomics. The cleavage site patterns of the N and C terminus and adjacent sites from all the identified endogenous peptides were highly conserved under different sample preparation conditions, including long-term incubation at 37°C and pretreatment with repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, a distinguishable cleavage site pattern was obtained when a different disease serum was analyzed. The conserved cleavage site pattern derived from proteolytic enzymes holds potential in highly specific disease diagnosis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; diagnosis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; diagnosis ; Mass Spectrometry ; Nanotechnology ; Peptide Hydrolases ; metabolism ; Peptides ; blood ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Proteome ; analysis ; Proteomics ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: The maximum width between the mesial and distal labial transitional line angles, described as “esthetic width” herein, could significantly influence the visual perception of the teeth and smile. This study aimed to conduct biometric research on esthetic width and to explore whether regular distribution exists in the esthetic width of human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 4,264 maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were measured using the Geomagic studio software program. The proportions of maxillary to mandibular homonymous teeth and proportions between the adjacent teeth were calculated. Bilateral symmetry and the correlation between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths were both accounted for during the measurement procedures. RESULTS: The mean esthetic widths were 6.773 ± 0.518 mm and 4.329 ± 0.331 mm for maxillary and mandibular central incisors, respectively, 5.451 ± 0.487 mm and 5.008 ± 0.351 mm for maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors, respectively, and 3.340 ± 0.353 mm and 5.958 ± 0.415 mm for maxillary and mandibular canines, respectively. Except for the mandibular canines, no significant difference in esthetic width was found among homonymous teeth from the same jaw. A high linear correlation was found between the esthetic and mesiodistal widths of the same tooth, except for the maxillary canines. Esthetic width proportions among different tooth categories showed some regular patterns, which were similar to those of the mesiodistal width. CONCLUSION Esthetic width is regularly distributed among the teeth in the Chinese population. This could provide an important reference for anterior dental restorations and dimension recovery in esthetic reconstruction of anterior teeth.