Objective To investigate the clinical significance of procalcitonin(PCT) in early diagnosis of neonatal infections.Methods Rapid hemi-quantitative immunoassay was used to measure PCT levels in 196 hospitalized neonates, who were divided into sepsis group,(local-)infection group, virus-infection group and non-infection group.Results If plasma PCT≥0.5 ?g/L was taken as positive,the positive rates in sepsis group,local-infection,virus-infection,non-infection group were 87.87%,41.66 %,12.0%,11.11%,respectively.The positive rate of sepsis group was significantly higher than that of the other 3 groups(all P

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the pollution of paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP) in shellfish sold in Hainan Province from 2018 to 2021. Methods　From 2018 to 2021, the content of 10 paralytic shellfish poisons including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxins 1 (GTX1), gonyautoxins 2 (GTX2), gonyautoxins 3 (GTX3), gonyautoxins 4 (GTX4), gonyautoxins 5 (GTX5), decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), decarbamoylgonyau toxins 2 (dcGTX2) and decarbamoylgonyau toxins 3 (dcGTX3) in 7 kinds of shellfish commonly sold in 13 cities and counties in Hainan province was analyzed. Results　The detection rate of PSP in 360 shellfish samples was 10.3%. Among them, the highest detection rate of STX was 5.83%, followed by GTX2 detection rate of 4.17%; the detection rate of neoSTX and GTX3 were both 1.67%; the detection rate of GTX1 was 1.39%. None of the five PSP, GTX4, GTX5, dcSTX, dcGTX2 and dcGTX3, were detected. Four types of PSP were detected in fanscallops, two were detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata, only one was detected in scallops, and no toxin contamination was detected in clams and razor clams. A single sample of fanscallops detected a maximum of 4 PSP, and a single sample of oysters, scallops, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata detected a maximum of 1 PSP. The equivalence of PSP in all samples was ND-155.6 μg/kg.The annual detection rate of PSP from high to low was: 20.0% in 2020, 15.6% in 2019, 5.3% in 2018, and 2.0% in 2021, and none of the samples tested exceeded the standard. Continuously detectable STX in 2018-2020, all PSP that could be detected in 2018 were STX. In 2019, in addition to STX detected in scallops and Scapharca subcrenata, neoSTX was also detected in oysters, mussels and Scapharca subcrenata. In 2020, PSP was only detected from scallops, and GTX2 could be detected in all positive specimens, while 5 STX, 5 GTX1 and 6 GTX3 were detected. Only GTX2 detected from scallops in 2021. STX was detected in shellfish sold in 12 cities and counties, GTX2 can be detected in 10 cities and counties, neoSTX can be detected in 5 cities and counties, GTX1 and GTX2 were detected in 4 cities and counties respectively. Shellfish sold in Wenchang and Lingshui markets can detect 5 types of PSP. Conclusion　Some types of shellfish on the market in Hainan are contaminated with some kind of PSP pollution risks, and it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of PSP in marketed shellfish.

To apply chitooligosaccharide in the preparation of baicalin compound, in order to increase the drug dissolution in vitro, and investigate the basic property of the compound. Baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound was prepared by using the solvent method. The structure and physicochemical properties of compound were analyzed by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and infrared vibrational spectrum (IR), and its dissolution behavior was also investigated. The results showed that the compound prepared at baicalin-chitooligosaccharide molar ratio of 1 : 1 could significantly improve the dissolution of baicalin. The results of DSC and XRD analysis suggested that baicalin may exist in an amorphous state. IR results indicated the interaction between baicalin and chitooligosaccharide. The baicalin-chitooligosaccharide compound could significantly improve dissolution in vitro of drug.
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Oligosaccharides ; chemistry ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

To investigate the cardioprotective effect of formononetin (FMN) on no-reflow (NR) after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and its molecular mechanism based on integrated pharmacology and experimental verification, firstly, human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and myocardial NR rats were used to confirm the estrogenic activity and the effect of alleviating NR of FMN, respectively. Male SD rats were divided into Sham, NR, FMN (20 mg·kg^-1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 5.0 mg·kg^-1) groups, which were administered once a day for one week, the experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM-LAEC2019095). The pharmacological analysis and in vivo study of NR rats were integrated to reveal the mechanism of FMN improving NR. The results showed that FMN had estrogenic effect and reduced NR by improving cardiac structure and function, reducing NR, ischemic myocardial area and pathological injury of cardiomyocytes. Integrated pharmacology predicts that the mechanism of FMN improving NR is mainly related to phosphatidyinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signal pathway. Phytoestrogens play a role in cardiovascular protection mainly by activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). GPER is also an important regulator in the upstream of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This study found that FMN can significantly activate GPER, p-PI3K, p-Akt and phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS). It has good binding ability with GPER and eNOS protein. In this study, through the integration of pharmacology and experimental evaluation, it is revealed that FMN activates PI3K/Akt/eNOS signal pathway by activating GPER, thus significantly improving NR.

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of Ku80/p53 pathway in silica-induced cell cycle changes in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF).

METHODSKu80 siRNA expression vectors were transfected into HELF by lipofectamine. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distributions of cell cycle and western blot assay was used to determine the expression level of Ku80, p53 and p21 proteins or the phosphorylation levels of p53-ser15 after cells were exposed to silica.

RESULTSThe expression levels of Ku80 protein increased in concentration-dependent and time-dependent manners after cells were exposed to silica. The proportion of G1 phases in H-NC cells (controls) decreased from 89.28% +/- 2.19% to 68.93% +/- 3.79% after exposure to silica, and the proportion of G1 phases in HELF cells (H-Ku80) decreased from 85.16% +/- 3.73% to 59.92% +/- 3.31% after exposure to silica (P<0.05). The expression levels of Ku80, p53 proteins or p21 proteins or phosphorylation level of p53-ser15 were obviously suppressed in H-Ku80, as compared with H-NC.

CONCLUSIONKu80/p53 pathway plays a role in the cell cycle charges induced by silica in human embryo lung fibroblasts.

Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Quartz ; toxicity ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the roles of DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)in silica-induced cell cycle changes and expressions of CyclinE and CDK2 in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF).

METHODSThe expressions of Ku80 and DNA-PKcs proteins were inhibited by siRNA plasmids, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to detect the distributions of cell cycle and western blot assay was used to determine the expression levels of CyclinE and CDK2 after cells were exposed to 200 microg/ml silica for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h.

RESULTSThe proportion of G1 phases in negative control cells decreased from 83.53% +/- 2.24% to 69.11% +/- 3.12% after exposure to silica; the proportion of G1 phases in H-Ku80 and H-PKcs cells exposed to silica decreased from 85.16% +/- 3.73% to 59.92% +/- 3.31% and from 75.06% +/- 2.23% to 58.32% +/- 1.35%, respectively (P < 0.05). The exposure to silica resulted in the increasing protein expression levels of CyclinE and CDK2 in negative control cells, and the expression levels of CyclinE were obviously suppressed in H-Ku80 and H-PKcs as compared with control cells. However, the expression level of CDK2 protein did not change significantly.

CONCLUSIONDNA-PK might play a role in silica-induced alternations of cell cycle and regulate silica-induced overexpression of CyclinE in human embryo lung fibroblasts.

Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin E ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; DNA-Activated Protein Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology

Cystatin, which widely distributed in both tissues and body fluids of animal and plant, was a superfamily of cysteine proteinase inhibitors. It could form activity-inhibitor complexes with cysteine proteinases to inhibit the hydrolytic activity of proteinases. Cystatin played important roles not only in the inhibition of the proteolytic degradation of fish muscle, but also in biological defense systems against invaders. To explore the functions of fish cystatin and the potential values in fish disease prevention and cure, as well as seafood processing, the recombinant yeast strains which could express Chinese sturgeon cystatin were constructed. First, the cystatin cDNA of Chinese sturgeon, which had been PCR modified, was subcloned into yeast integrated vector pPICZaA. After extracted and purified, the recombinant plasmids were linearized by Sac I. The yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 strain was transformed by use of the Lithium Chloride transformation method, and the recombinant cystatin yeast strains got. After 0.5% methanol induction, SDS-PAGE analysis of the culture supernatant indicated that the yield of recombinant cystatin was about 215mg x L(-1) with the percentage about 73.6%. The recombinant cystatin was purified through Q-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography, and the purity reached about 94.2%. The inhibitory activity of recombinant cystatin was measured by inhibiting the proteinase activity of papain. The results showed that about 1 microg recombinant cystatin could inhibit the activity of 15 microg papain. Heat stability assay results showed that there was a decrease in inhibitory activity of cystatin with the increasing of temperature. When solution of recombinant cystatin was kept at 70 degrees C for 5min, the inhibitory activity reduced fast. While the recombinant cystatin was heated to 90 degrees C for 5min, the inhibitory activity of recombinant cystatin was undetected. The inhibitory activity for recombinant Chinese sturgeon cystatin was higher than that of CPI (cysteine proteinase inhibitor) from seeds of corn, that about 1 microg purified CIP could inhibited the activity of 0.278 microg papain. But the heat stability of recombinant cystatin is lower than that of the corn CPI. The expression level and the activity of recombinant cystatin from yeast Pichia pastoris were higher than those from E. coli. Moreover, recombinant cystatin from Pichia pastoris was easier to separate and purify. This paper reported that recombinant fish cystatin was produced in a highly efficient expression system based on the methylotrophic yeast, further work will focus on the function of recombinant Chinese sturgeon cystatin to resist fish disease and explore the value of cystatin as a food additive to inhibit cysteine proteinases during surimi processing.
Animals ; Cystatins ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Fish Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Stability ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility of the modified osteotomy of transcranial orbitotomy in the treatment of intraorbital tumor.

METHODSWe treated 8 patients with intraorbital tumor during six years. By the bicoronary incision, all cases underwent double bone flap osteotomy on the frontal bone: the superior orbital rim bone flap and roof flap instead of single fronto-orbital bone flap in the conventional transcranial orbitotomy. After removal of bone flaps, intracranial and intraorbital operation was performed. Then, two bone flaps were reduced respectively and fixated with titanic micro-plates and nails. At last, the scalp flap was sutured.

RESULTSThe operative field was very well exposed. It was found that the retrobulbar tumor was located at the superolateral, median and superonasal area respectively, which was coincided with the preoperative CT and MRI. The tumor included adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, neurinoma, meningioma, and cavernous hemangioma. Four patients had blood transfusion during the operation. No other postoperative complications happened except 3 cases of diplopia and one case of blindness. After 3 to 6 months follow up, diplopia of the 3 cases gradually disappeared. Of the 8 cases, 6 reached the same visual acuity as the preoperative state. One decreased visual acuity and one lost light perception. There was well-balanced fronto-orbital appearance and eyeball position compared with the healthy side in all cases.

CONCLUSIONSThis surgical method for the treatment of intraorbital tumor is safe with well-exposed operative field. It has advantages not only in simpleness and less trauma, but also in keeping orbital roof and anterior fossa intact and decreasing complications.

Adult ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Exophthalmos ; surgery ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Orbit ; surgery ; Orbital Neoplasms ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the role of p53 in silica-induced cell cycle alternation and DNA double strand breaks repair in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF).

METHODSNeutral comet assay was applied to detect silica-induced DNA double strand breaks. According to the neutral comet experimental result, the DNA repair competence was calculated. The expression levels and phosphorylation of protein in HELF were determined by Western blot. Cell cycle changes were identified by flow cytometry in HELF.

RESULTSAfter treatment with 200 microg/ml silica for different times (0, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h), the expression levels and phosphorylation of p53 increased in a time-dependent manner, reaching maximum at 12 h and then decreasing at 24 h. After treatment with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 microg/ml silica for 12 h, the expression levels and phosphorylation of p53 increased in concentration-dependent manner. After p53 expression was inhibited, silica-induced DNA damage repair competence was markedly increased (DRC = 87.68%), compared with the negative control cell induced by silica (DRC = 57.19%). Silica increased the percentage of S phase (31.8 +/- 1.1)% compared with the controls (24.3 +/- 3.8)% (P < 0.05). When p53 expression was inhibited, the number of S phase cells was significantly increased, (41.4 +/- 0.6)% compared with the controls (25.4 +/- 1.9)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe silica dramatically increases the expression levels and phosphorylation of p53. The increased expression of p53 mediates silica-induced cell cycle change and inhibits silica-induced DNA double strand breaks repair.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Comet Assay ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the role of Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) in silica-induced DNA double strand break repair in human embryo lung fibroblasts (HELF).

METHODSControl HELF cells and DN-Deltap85 (HELF transfected with Dominant negative mutant of PI3K) were treated with 200 microg/ml silica for different times. The expression levels of phosphor-H2AX (H2AX), Ku70, Ku80 and DNA-PKcs were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, DNA double strand breaks were measured by neutral comet assay after cells were treated with 200 microg/ml silica for 0, 12 and 24 h.

RESULTSAfter treatment with 200 microg/ml silica for different times, the levels of H2AX were increased in a time-dependent manner and the expression levels of H2AX were obviously suppressed in DN-Deltap85 compared with control cells. The levels of Ku70 and Ku80 were also significantly suppressed in DN-Deltap85 (0.37 +/- 0.14, 0.55 +/- 0.17) compared with control cells (0.58 +/- 0.09, 0.95 +/- 0.21) after treatment with 200 microg/ml silica for 12 h (P < 0.05). Both the percentage of tail DNA in HELF and DN-Deltap85 increased significantly at 12 h (9.78 +/- 1.15, 11.79 +/- 4.90) compared with groups without treatment with silica (2.40 +/- 0.69, 3.31 +/- 1.35) and then decreased at 24 h (4.19 +/- 0.47, 7.58 +/- 4.32), but only the decrease of HELF at 24 h was significant compared with HELF at 12 h (P < 0.05). DNA repair competence of HELF was 75.74% and that of DN-Deltap85 declined to 49.64%.

CONCLUSIONSilica dust can induce DNA double strand breaks in human embryo lung fibroblasts. PI3K might play a role in silica-induced DNA double strand break repair by regulating the expression levels of Ku70 and Ku80.

Antigens, Nuclear ; metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Comet Assay ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; enzymology ; Histones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen ; Lung ; cytology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; metabolism ; Silicon Dioxide ; toxicity