Anthropometric measurements were obtained on 126 male nonathletic first year university students (N-1), 178 male nonathletic third year university students (N-3) and 114 male athletic third year university students (A) . The mean values of height and body weight for group A were significantly larger than those for groups N-1 and N-3. Group A showed significant larger mean values of girth of chest, abdomen, thigh and upper arm than groups N-1 and N-3. Physical status of group N-1 was a little shorter and slender than that of group N-3. Group A showed significantly greater mean values of Rohrer's index and Brugsch's index than groups N-1 and N-3. The mean values of skinfold thickness and body fat (%) caluculated by using prediction formula from mean skinfold thickness for group A were significantly smaller than those for group N-3 and were essentially the same as those for group N-1. Bigger physique and smaller body fat content of athletes could be explained as due to a result of physical training and might be considered as the cause of superior physical fitness of athletes.
The following prediction equations for standard body weight (W) from height (H) using mean values of body weight and height (W and H) and their standard deviations (cW and aH) are proposed for the evaluation of overweight and underweight.
W=3W/HH-2W
and W=σW/σHH-σW/σHH+W
Plotting of body weight and body fat content in standard measure against height in standard measure was used to compare physical characteristics of athletes with those of nonathletes.

Anthropometrical measurement were obtained on 178 male nonathletic university students and 168 male athletic university students (Swimming, Handball, Soccer, Rugby, Running, Thrower, Judo and Gymnastics) aged 18-22 years.
The results obtained were as follows
The mean values of height and body weight for nonathletes were 170.2cm and 59.7kg respectively. The mean values of height and body weight for athletes except gymnastics and long distance runner were larger than those for nonathletes. Athletes showed larger mean values of girth of chest than nonathletes (86.1cm) . The mean values of girth of upper arm and girth of thigh for nonathletes were 26.9cm and 50.6cm respectively. The mean values of girth of upper arm for athletes except basketball, long distance runner and jumper were considerably larger than that for nonathletes. Athletes except long distance runner, jumper and gymnastics showed larger mean values of thigh than nonathletes. The mean values of skinfold thickness for athletes except heavy weight class of judo were thinner than that for nonathletes and the percentage of body fat calculated by using the prediction formura from mean skinfold thickness, body surface area and body weight for athletes was smaller than that for nonathletes
Plotting of body weight and body fat content in standard measure against height in standard measure with family of iso-deviation line was used to compare the body composition and body shape of athletes with those of nonathletes. In this plotting, physical characteristics could be expressed as the difference (R) between the points representing the mean value of athletes on the origin, (the mean values of nonathletes) and ratio of deviation (r) from standard line representing correlation of body weight or body fat content to height for nonathletes. Plotting R against r with family of lines of the same height was proposed to differentiate physical characteristics of athletes participating in different kinds of sports and to evaluate the effect of training on physical characteristics. Plotting of girth of upper arm and girth of thigh in standard measure against girth of chest was used for the evaluation of difference in body shape of athletes.

Physiological responses to heat and heat tolerance were examined in summer and winter on 13 male athletic university students and male nonathletec university students. After staying for 30 min. in a climatic chamber maintained at 30°C with 70% relative humidity, sweating reaction was examined far 90 min, by immersing both legs up to the knees in a stirring water bath of 42°C.
Both groups showed significantly greater sweat volume, significantly lower Na concentration in sweat and considerably lower rise in rectal temperature and less increase in heart rate in summer than in winter. In both seasons, athletes showed smaller volume of sweat, lower Na concentration in sweat, lower rise in rectal temperature and less increase in heart rate than nonathletes.
It is concluded that heat tolerance of athletes was superior to that of nonathletes when assessed by our heat tolerance indices and this superior heat tolerance of athletes could be explained due to a result of physical training. Heat tolerance index, representing the magnitude of physiological strain in the body induced by heat load, was modified by using relative increase in heart rate in place of salt loss. It can be said that the modified heat tolerance index is useful as a substitute of the original heat tolerance index in field studies.