Epidemic investigation was made in 2080 diabetic cases in Henan Province. Results showed that TCM Xiaoke syndrome is not only related to the pathological changes of the Lung in Upper - jiao, Spleen -stomachin middle - jiao and kidney in lower - jiao, but also closely related to pathological changes of the liver. During the early stage when mild hyperglycemia is present, the manifestations of deficient liver ( of liver blood and liver Yin) are especially conspicuous with a frequency of occurrence only less than Qi -deficiency syndrome. This important new discovery reminds us that " liver" is not to be overlooked clinically. It also proves that application of nourishing, softening, converging, and soothing the liver are reasonable and scientific methods for diabetes treatment.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of strains of AmpC β-lactamase(AmpC enzyme)production in Dathogenic bacteria in blood stream and clinical presentations of the cases, and study the related ampC and ampD genes.Methods One hundred and eighty-one strains of gram negative bacillus in blood stream were collected,Cefoxitin screening test and three-dimensional test were performed for screening of strains of AmpC enzyme,production and those of AmpC enzyme hyperproduction retrospective analysis was condected in the strains with positive results.ampC and ampD gene PCR ampliftcation, sequencing and sequence analysis of positive strains were performed, and gene homology of ampC positive strains was analysed bv Rep-PCR. Results Among 181 strains in blood stream,strains of AmpC enzyme production were detected in 39 isolates by Cefoxitin screening test,with the detection rate of 21.5%(39/181).The detection rate of strains of AmpC enzyme hyperproduction by three-dimensional test was 43.6%(17/39).PCR revealed that the positive rates for ampC and ampD genes were 41%(16/39)and 56.4%(22/39),respectively.The ampC gene sequencing of 16 positive strains indicated that the homology was 98%to 100%by comparison with the GenBank,while the ampD gene sequencing of 2 strains of Enterobacter cloacae demonstrated that the suspected gene mutations existed in the carboxy-terminal of ampD gene. Conclusion The prevalence of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in blood stream in this study is due to nosocomial infection.The mutation of ampC gene is rare in the pathogenic bacteria in blood stream with production of AmpC enzyme,while the rate of gene mutation in Enterobacter cloacae is higher, and the deletion and amino acid substitutions in the carboxy-terminal of ampD is highly relevant to the depressed expression of AmpC enzyme.

Objective: To isolate Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra genes especially,and to construct two cDNA libraries by using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH).Methods: We used suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to clone the differential genomic genes between Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence strain H37Rv and attenuated strain H37Ra.After two times of subtractive hybridization and two times of PCR,the products of last PCR amplification were inserted into pGEM-T Easy vector and be transformed into the E.coli DH5α and screened of blue and white clones of the transformants.The subtracted cDNA library of differentially expressed genes were identified by RT-PCR.Results:High or especially expressed genes as tester had been obtained by SSH in correctitude reaction (H37Rv as tester) and reverse reaction (H37Ra as tester),the cDNA libraries of A and B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra were successfully constructed.90% of the colonies were white clones,the single band of the colonies was 75% and 80%.Conchision:The cDNA libraries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra were successfully constructed using SSH technique,which lay a solid foundation for screening and cloning new specific differentially expressed genes in them.

The effect of various concentrations of copper and zinc on anoxia-reoxygenation in the neonatal rat heart cell cultures was studied by determining the activity of superoxide dismutasc (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), the content of malondialodchyde (MDA) and the release of lactate dehydrogenasc (LDH) The results showed that teh activity of SOD decreased and the activity of GSH-px, the content of MDA and the release of LDH increased following anoxia and reoxygenation. The actiwty or SOD appeared to be increased by either copper or zinc to varying degrees, but the effect of copper showed to be stronger than that of zinc. The release of LDH was reduced at the presence of lower amounts of copper or zinc, but the effect of zinc was better than that of copper. The increased release of LDH occured when higher amounts of copper or zinc were added to the medium. In addition, copper increased the activity of GSH-px while reducing the content of MDA significantly.

Objective To study and to analyse the cause of laparoscopic adrenalectomy failure and its complications. Methods 8 of 19 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were converted to open surgery .The cause of failure and its complications were analysed. Results The causes to convert to open surgery were:bleeding of right middle suprarenal vein in 1,adrenal tumor was sheltered of cauda pancreatis in 1,left adrenal cyst was sheltered by spleen in 1,CO 2 pneumoperitoneal pressure can not be maintained during the procedure in 2,tumers could not be found in 2,the telescopic port was inserted into musculus psoas major in the retroperitoneal approach and the bleeding influenced the operation field in 1.3 patients had high fever after operations and 1 had an abscess in the adrenal bed.Reactive pleuritis occurred in 1. Conclusions Fine technique and experiences were needed for laparoscopic procedures and good team work between the operators was very important.Complications were often associated with the initial cause that led to the laparacospic adrenalectomy failure.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy via the retroperitoneal approach has been easier than that via the transperitoneal approach.

Objective To study the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma. Methods 10 cases of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma encountered from 1985 to 1999 were retrospectively studied,nine being male and 1 female.The average age was 52.7 years. Results These were 6 transitional cell carcinoma (all were grade G 3),2 transitional cell carcinoma with squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma,1 squamous carcinoma,and 1 adenocarcinoma.The diameter of the metastasis lesion was 1.4～11.5 cm?1.0～6.9 cm.The treatments included total cystectomy with resection of metastasis,TURBt with resection of metastasis,urinary diversion with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, resection of metastasis with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy alone.7 of the 10 died of the carcinoma,the survival times being 4～41 months (average 13 months).Only 1 patient survived for 41 months.Whereas the others died within 14 months.3 patients are still alive for 5～9 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The differentiation of the cancer cells of implantation metastasis is usually bad and often accompanied by squamous followed by carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.Total cystectomy with resection of the metastasis followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy might prolong the survival time, but the prognosis is usually poor.

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of Urocalun in treatment of calculus in ureter. Methods Sixty patients with calculus in the ureter were treated.The diameters of the stones were less than 1 cm.The patients were assigned to receive Urocalun orally,450 mg each time,3 times a day. Results Five weeks after Urocalun administration,the calculi were eliminated in 45 cases (75%).The calculi descended in 10 cases (17%).The positions of calculi remained unchanged in the rest 5 cases (8%).Four patients (7%) had mild uncomfortableness in stomach,nausea or thirsty after Urocalun administration. Conclusions Urocalun is effective for eliminating the calculus in ureters.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of total serum IgE and IL-4 in patients with seasonal contact dermatitis. Methods Total serum IgE was tested by immunoradiometric assay(IRMA) in 29 cases of seasonal contact dermatitis, 35 cases of allergic contact dermatitis and 24 cases of healthy controls. Production of IL-4 was detected by ELISA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with PHA for 48 hours. Results The levels of IL-4 secreted by PBMC and total serum IgE were significantly higher in patient with seasonal contact dermatitis than those in control group (P

Objective:To study the prevention methods of radiation caries for the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy. Methods:Seventy-five patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received dental check and treatment before radiotherapy. They also received the instructions on preventive oral hygiene. After radiotherapy, the patients were followed up.Results:Fifty patients were followed up for 1-3 years. Radiation caries was observed in 4 cases with poor oral hygiene habit. Conclusion:A comprehensive regime of dental care can prevent radiation caries effectively.

Objective To explore the appropriate time to block adrenal androgens in endocrine therapy of prostate cancer.Methods An human androgen-dependent prostate carcinoma xenograft model in SCID mice was established with LNCaP cells.Firstly,the serum PSA and tumor volume of 2 groups (castrated and not castrated) were measured on the 1,4,7,10,14,17,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 day to determine the recurrent time of prostate cancer after castration.Secondly,3 different groups of castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration and sham adrenalectomy in recurrent after castration,were set to measure the serum PSA and tumor volume on the 1,4,7,10,14,17,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 day.The tumor tissues of 5 groups were harvested to measure testosterone concentration,and tumor progress in these groups was compared.Results The recurrence time was 14 days in castrated group,21 days in group with castration and adrenalectomy at the same time and 35 days in group with adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration.The testosterone concentration in tumor tissues was (2.69± 0.21) pmol/g in the group with castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,and (2.16±0.13) pmol/g in the group with adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with the therapy of castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,the therapy of adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration may have slower progress course in prostate cancer.