Objective : To investigate the prevalence of electronic cigarette use among adult residents at ages of 15 years and older in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method in Tongzhou District from September to October, 2021, and subjects' demographics, electronic cigarette use, and exposure to electronic cigarette advertising were investigated using the 2021 Questionnaire for Adult Tobacco Survey in Beijing. The awareness of electronic cigarette knowledge, prevalence of electronic cigarette use, route of acquiring electronic cigarette knowledge and route of exposure to electronic cigarette advertising were analyzed among residents in Tongzhou District, and factors affecting electronic cigarette uses were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 196 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 166 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.49%. The respondents included 532 men (45.63%) and 634 women (54.37%), with a mean age of (57.05±15.04) years. The awareness of electronic cigarette knowledge was 67.58%, and the prevalence of electronic cigarette uses and current electronic cigarette uses was 3.94% and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a higher possibility of electronic cigarette uses among men (OR=28.492, 95%CI: 6.873-118.106), residents at ages of 15 to 44 years (OR=3.219, 95%CI: 1.584-6.539), enterprise workers/businessmen/service industry workers (OR=3.599, 95%CI: 1.527-8.482), and public institution workers/public servants/students (OR=4.403, 95%CI: 1.758-11.026). The main route of acquiring electronic cigarettes was presented by others (43.48%), and the main cause of electronic cigarette use was quitting smoking (30.43%), followed by thinking little harmlessness of electronic cigarette use (26.09%), while the main route of exposure to electronic cigarette advertising was television (59.09%), followed by internet (45.45%). Conclusions There is a low prevalence rate of electronic cigarette uses among residents at ages of 15 years and older in Tongzhou District, and men and residents at ages of 15 to 44 years are main electronic cigarette users. Health education pertaining to the harmlessness of electronic cigarette uses and supervision of electronic cigarette advertising are required to be reinforced.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of highfrequency ultrasonography in diagnosis of the complications in mammoplasty.Methods One hundred and one cases of mammoplasty with complications were examined.They were divided into implanted group and injected group,and the prosthetic position,shape,internal echo and capsula were observed.Results Among the cases,91 breasts were capsular contraction and hardening,24 were asymmetry,38 were rupture,4 were infection and 1 was bleed.All cases were proved by operation.Conclusion High-frequency ultrasonography was easy and effective to diagnose the complications of mammoplasty.

Objective To elucidate the effect of bioimpedance ratio in the calf (calf-RBI) for volume evaluation on hypertension in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods Bioimpedance in the right calf was measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). As an index of volume status, calf-RBI was calculated as follows: calf-RBI =impedance at 200 kHz / impedance at 5 kHz. The range of age-stratified 1SD from mean calf-RBI in the healthy control was assumed as the target range for the corresponding HD patients. The dry body weight (DBW) was stepwise decreased under the guidance of calf-RBI. The changes of calf-RBI, blood pressure and antihypertensive medications were recorded and correlation analysis among indexes was performed. Results The calf-RBI showed a normal distribution in both healthy subjects and HD patients. The calf-RBI was positively correlated with age, but not with gender or BMI. Forty-two patients with (35.9%) calf-RBI beyond target range were identified in 117 HD patients. The percentage of uncontrolled hypertensive individuals was significantly higher as compared to those with calf-RBI within or below target range (59.5% vs 33.3% and 16.7%, P＜0.01). The percentage of uncontrolled hypertensive individuals and the dose of antihypertensive medications was significant improved after decreasing the DBW in the patients with calf-RBI beyond target range (74.1% vs 33.3%, P＜0.01) and defined daily dose (2.00±2.28 vs 2.49±2.47, P＜0.05 ). Conclusions The age-stratified calf-RBI may be used as a useful index for estimation of volume status, and has a good association with clinical manifestations. Recognition and correction of chronic fluid overload based on age-stratified calf-RBI is helpful in hypertension control for hemodialysis patients.

Objective To establish a patient-derived gastric cancer xenograft( PDX) model in nude mice and to in-vestigate the application of near infrared fluorescent ( NIRF) dye IR-783 in in vivo imaging of gastric cancer xenograft mod-els.Methods Fresh human gastric cancer tissue was taken and transplanted into the subrenal capsule of nude mice to es-tablish the xenograft model.When the transplanted tumors grew,took part of the tumor tissue to do HE staining and compare the structural characteristics with the primary tumor.Another portion of the tumor was xenografted into nude mice subcutane-ously.Twenty days later,the tumor-bearing mice were injected intraperitoneally with IR-783 dye (10μM) in a dose of 100 mg/20 g.The intensity of the tumor image was monitored by optical NIRF imaging.The correction between tumor volume and fluorescence intensity was analyzed.Finally,the expression of OATP1B3 and HIF1αin the xenografted tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results We successfully established three patient-derived xenograft ( PDH) models of human gastric cancer.The transplanted tumor tissues maintained the histological characteristics of the primary tumor well.NIRF signal can be detec ted in subrenal capsule of the xenografted nude mice.The correlation between tumor size and fluorescence intensity in the PDX models reached higher than 98%.Strong positive expressions of HIF1αand OATP1B3 in the tumor tissues were detected.Conclusions NIRF dye IR-783 can be specifically accumulated at the tumor site,therefore, can be used to detect PDX in vivo early.The tumor targeting property may be related to the expression of OATP1B3 and HIF1α.

Hospital research mainly by high-level researcher to promote,and researcher of the research initiative will determine the contribution of their research.This initiative from the start of economic regulation researcher to explain the economics-based perspective that affect high-level researcher positive factors research and put forward relevant mathematical relationship between the influencing factors and mathematical models,and scientific researcher positive regulator of a number of ways.

Objective To verify whether early growth response-3(EGR3) gene is targeted by microRNA-181b using molecular biology methods so as to provide guidance for the subsequent study on microRNA-181b`s role in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia.Methods Bioinformatic methods predicted that EGR3 gene is targeted by microRNA-181b.PCR methods amplified the fragment in EGR3 gene 3`UTR including the putative microRNA-181b binding site.Then the sequence was cloned into the pmirGLO luciferase vector.The DNA sequences of the amplified fragments were identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing, and were consistent with the reference sequence from UCSC.This constructed vector was marked as pmirGLO-EGR3 vector.Finally, the pmirGLO vector, the pmirGLO-EGR3 vector, microRNA-181b mimics and negative control (NC) were divided into 5 groups and transfected into HEK393T cells;the luciferase activity was tested by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results The results of restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing demonstrated that the PCR fragmentwas successfully cloned into pmirGLO vector.The transfection results showed that the recombinant plasmid was successful transfected into HEK293T under the fluorescence microscope, with transfection efficiency being about 90％.The results of dual luciferase activity assay demonstrated that microRNA-181b significantly decreased the reporter gene`s activity compared with the NC.Conclusion At the cellular level, the schizophrenia susceptibility gene EGR3 was verified to be targeted by micorRNA-181b, which provides a new clue for the subsequent study on microRNA-181b`s role in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND:Symptomatic treatment is the main management strategy for patients with knee osteoarthritis at early metaphase. Some previous studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular electrical stimulation can al eviate pain in knee osteoarthritis patients. To date, this effectiveness, however, stil remains controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODRandomized control ed trials concerning the efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis were identified from the Medline database conducted up to July 3, 2014. These studies were selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.2 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 5 randomized control ed trials consisting of 239 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis indicate neuromuscular electrical stimulation has no significant impact on measure of pain in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the blank control group [mean difference=-0.40, 95%confidence interval (-1.34-0.54), P=0.40]. Owing to the sample limitations of our study, it is hard for us to draw a conclusion that the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in managing pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis is of little significance. Further work based on large-sample and high-quality randomized control ed trials is needed to determine the role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in pain in this population.

BACKGROUND:Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has become the gold-standard treatment for an anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Despite the popularity of the procedure, there remains a considerable amount of controversies over whether an autograft or anal ograft should be used for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical outcomes of al ograft and autograft in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS:Randomized control ed trials concerning autograft versus non-irradiated al ograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were identified from the PubMed/Medline database conducted up to July 12, 2014. These studies were selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 6 randomized control ed trials consisting of 858 cases were included, 441 cases in autograft group and 417 cases in non-irradiated al ograft. The results of the meta-analysis indicate no significant difference between autografts and non-irradiated al ografts in overal IKDC [relative risk (RR)=1.02, 95%confidence interval (CI) (0.99 to 1.06), P=0.21], degree of laxity [mean difference (MD)=-0.13, 95%CI (-0.29 to-0.02), P=0.09], Lachman test [RR=1.04, 95%CI (0.95 to 1.13), P=0.37], pivot shift test [RR=1.00, 95%CI (0.95 to 1.05), P=0.96], one-leg hop test [RR=1.01, 95%CI (0.96 to 1.06), P=0.77], Lysholm score [MD=-0.64, 95%CI (-1.45 to 0.17), P=0.12], Tegner score [MD=0.16, 95%CI (-0.16 to 0.47), P=0.34] and rate of postoperative complications [RR=1.42, 95%CI (0.67 to 3.04), P=0.36]. Therefore, in the meta-analysis, there is no significant difference between autograft and non-irradiated al ograft in clinical outcomes. However due to the limitations of our study, further work is needed to determine this conclusion.

Objective To investigate the effect of plasma membrane-associated sialidase 3(NEU3) activity on the proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells in vitro. Methods MG-63 cells were cultured in vitro. Anti-NEU3 antibody(Ab)immunofluorescent staining was used to indicate the cellular locali-zation of NEU3 in MG-63 cells. The cells treated with 0 nmol/ L 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid(DANA)or 0 μg/ ml anti-NEU3 Ab were used as blank control groups. The cells were treated with 10, 20,50 nmol/ L DANA,or 0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 μg/ ml anti-NEU3 Ab for 24 h or 48 h,respectively. The inhibition rates of the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis rates were measured with CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The expression levels of oncogene-related proteins,Ras protein and Bcl-2 protein,were detected by Western blotting. Results The immunofluorescence result showed that NEU3 was located in the cytoplasm of MG-63 cell. After treating with 0,10,20,50 nmol/ L DANA for 48 h,the inhibition rates of cell proliferation were 0, 15. 10％ ± 3. 23％ ,41. 46％ ± 2. 31％ ,64. 68％ ± 4. 12％ ,with significant statistical difference(F = 99. 90, P < 0. 001),and the following contrast between each two groups met the statistical significance(all P < 0. 05). After treating with 0,0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 μg/ ml anti-NEU3 Ab for 48 h,the inhibition rates of cell proliferation were 0,9. 34％ ± 1. 53％ ,19. 66％ ± 4. 18％ ,42. 50％ ± 5. 68％ ,and the difference was statistically signifi-cant(F = 25. 67,P < 0. 001),and the following contrast between each two groups met the statistical signifi-cance(P < 0. 05),except the difference between 0. 5 and 1. 0 μg/ ml groups(P > 0. 05). When the MG-63 cells were treated with 0,10,20,50 nmol/ L DANA for 24 h,the cell apoptosis rates were 4. 05％ ± 0. 07％ , 4. 15％ ± 0. 23％ ,12. 85％ ± 1. 48％ ,8. 29％ ± 0. 86％ ,respectively,and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(F = 23. 21,P < 0. 001). And the following contrast between each two groups met the statistical signi-ficance(P < 0. 05),except the differences between 0 nmol/ L and 10 nmol/ L,20 nmol/ L and 50 nmol/ L groups(P > 0. 05). When the MG-63 cells were treated with 0,0. 5,1. 0,2. 0 μg/ ml anti-NEU3 Ab for 24 h,the cell apoptosis rates were 4. 05％ ± 0. 07％ ,20. 13％ ± 2. 97％ ,20. 29％ ± 2. 82％ ,20. 58％ ± 0. 70％ ,with statistical significant difference(F = 15. 36,P = 0. 001). And the following contrast between each two groups showed that the differences between 0 μg/ ml and each treated group were statistically signifi-cant(P < 0. 05),while the differences between two treated groups were not statistically significant( P >0. 05). Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Ras and Bcl-2 decreased with the increasing concentrations of DANA and anti-NEU3. Conclusion Inhibition of NEU3 enzyme activity can suppress the survival rate of MG63 cells and increase the cell apoptosis. The possible mechanism may be related to the declined expression of oncogene-related proteins Ras and Bcl-2,which suggests that NEU3 may be a possible target for treating osteosarcoma.

Objective:To estimate the burden of hip fractures and related factors among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.Methods:Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015, the burden of hip fractures among Chinese middle-aged and elderly population was evaluated as the years lived with disability (YLD) rate. The relationship between gender, age (45-49, 50-59, 60-69 and ≥70 years old), educational level (no education, elementary school, junior high school, high school and above), region (urban, rural), gross domestic production (GDP) per capita (low, medium and high) and geographic area (northern, eastern, south-central, northwest and southwest regions) and the YLD rate of hip fractures were analyzed, respectively.Results:Excluding items with missing basic information and hip fracture data, a total of 17,830 subjects (8,405 males and 9,425 females) were included in the study with average age 61.6±9.8 years (range 45 to 105 years). The average age in male was 61.9±9.6 years, and that in female was 61.2±10.1 years. The prevalence of hip fractures was 2.3% (410/17,830). The total YLD rate was [694/100,000 (95% Uncertainty Interval ( UI): 462/100,000, 989/100,000)]. The YLD rates were similar between male [693/100,000 (95% UI: 461/100,000, 988/100,000)] and female [696/100,000 (95% UI: 463/100,000, 992/100,000)] subgroups. The YLD rate of hip fractures was increasing with age, which reached at maximum of 1,155/100,000 (95% UI: 769/100,000, 1,646/100,000) for participants aged 70 years or above. The rate was gradually decreased with the upgrade of the educational level. The participants with high school education and above reached the lowest of 434/100,000 (95% UI: 289/100,000, 619/100,000). In addition, the YLD rate of hip fractures in rural areas [721/100,000 (95% UI: 480/100,000, 1,027/100,000)] was higher than that in urban areas [650/100,000 (95% UI: 433/100,000, 926/100,000)]. The YLD rate in areas with higher GDP per capita [545/100,000 (95% UI: 363/100,000, 777/100,000)] was lower than that in areas with lower GDP per capita [761/100,000 (95% UI: 506/100,000, 1,084/100,000)]. Moreover, the participants living in the Northwest region were with the highest YLD rate of hip fractures [1,056/100,000 (95% UI: 703/100,000, 1,506/100,000)], followed by the Southwest region [887/100,000 (95% UI: 590/ 100,000, 1,264/100,000)] and the Northeast region [317/100,000 (95% UI: 211/100,000, 452/100,000)]. Conclusion:Hip fractures exerted heavy burdens on the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. The YLD rate of hip fractures varied according to geographical regions, greater age, rural areas, low educational levels and low GDP per capita. These related factors could affect the disease burden of hip fractures in China.