Child ; Humans ; Otolaryngology ; Pediatrics

Objective To detect the atherosclerotic progression in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene knock-out mouse by ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) technique,and to monitor the intima media thickness (IMT) and changes in plague of aortic wall.Methods 10 male LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 16 weeks age and 10 LDL-R gene knock-out mice of 24 weeks age were in the experimental group,and 10 male C57BL/6 mice of 16 and 24 weeks age were in the control group.The shapes of their aortic roots,ascending aorta,aortic arch and CCA were detected by UBM,and the IMT at aortic root view and carotid artery bifurcation were measured,then the data were compared with histopathology of the corresponding vascular segments.Results The difference between the IMT of aortic root and carotid artery bifurcation of the 16 week old LDL-R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The difference between the IMT of carotid artery bifurcation of the 24-week-old LDL R mice and the control group of the same age had no statistical significance.The IMT of aortic root thickened compared with control group of the same age(P ＜0.01).Conclusions The UBM technique can be used to detect the atherosclerotic progression in LDL-R gene knock-out mouse.

Objective To observe the curative effect of botulinum toxin A(BTX-A)repeated intramuscular injection for treatment of serious spastic cerebral palsy.Methods Thirty cases with serious spastic cerebral palsy received local repeated intramuscular injection. The interval time was 3 months. The dose of BTX-A was 4 U/kg.The muscle tone was assessed with the modified ashworth scale and range of motion with physical rating scale(PRS).The indexes were evaluated before injection and 3 months after the second injection. Paired-samples t-test was used in the statistic analysis.Result The muscle tone and PRS had remarkable improvement after second therapy with BTX-A(P

Objective To observe the significance of expressions of CD14+CD16+ on peripheral monocytes in children with Kawasaki di-sease (KD).Methods The expression of CD14+ and CD14+CD16+ monocytes in 16 children with KD (1-11 years old) were analyzed by flow cytomety both pre-treatment and post-treatment.And the percentages of CD14+CD16+ monocytes among CD14+ monocytes were calculated.Sixteen healthy children (10 months -10 years old) were served as normal control group.Statistical analysis was performed using t test.Results The levels of CD14+ monocytes,percentage of CD14+CD16+ monocytes among CD14+ monocytes and CD14+CD16+ monocytes in children with KD during acute phase (n=16) were (1.03?0.58)?109 L-1,(12.53?5.31)% and(1.20?0.79)?108 L-1.They were significantly higher than those in the normal controls[(0.57?0.21)?109 L-1,(3.86?1.84)% and (0.21?0.10)?108 L-1](Pa0.05).And the expressive levels remained high when the patient recurred.Conclusions The expressive levels of CD14+CD16+ monocytes increase in children with KD.And they change when the patient's clinical condition change.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the gas chromatography(GC) for the content determination of ?-linolenic acid in songzi oil.METHODS:The separation was performed on 5% DEGS column with detector temperature at 220℃ and flow rate at 30ml/min,nitrogen gas was used as carrier.RESULTS:The linear range for ?-linoleic acid was 1.162～5.81mg/ml(r= 0.9 995).The average recovery was 97.95%(RSD=0.89%,n=3).CONCLUSION:This method was sensitive,accurate and reliable and suitable for the assaying of ?-linoleic acid in songzi oil.

Autoimmune diseases (AID) are characterized by autoimmune disorder, as autologous tissue is attacked by the autoimmune system. It is reported that the imbalance of autoimmune tolerance and ingrained inflammatory response are the core events of AID undoubtedly. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily is a ligand activated transcription factor. PPARγ combines with retinoid X receptor (RXR) to form heterodimer. When PPARγ is activated, the complex regulates gene expression by binding to a specific peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE). In addition, PPARγ has diversified biological functions, playing important roles in regulating metabolism, controling inflammation, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, ameliorating atherosclerosis, anti-tumor, and regulating immune response. However, recently researches indicate that PPARγ participates in the pathogenesis of AID. PPARγ plays key roles in regulating activation and polarization of macrophages, function of dendritic cells, proliferation and differentiation of T cells, and modulation of the function of related stromal cells. This article summarizes the biological functions and signal transduction pathways of PPARγ and the protective effects of agonists of PPARγ on AID, aiming to provide theoretical support for the research of mechanism and prevention and treatment of AID.

Objective To observe the effects of chronic arsenic exposure on estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated gene 9 (Ebag9) and estrogen-responsive finger protein (efp) mRNA expression in female rat' s myocardium.Methods Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups according to arsenic (As2O3) concentrations in drinking-water:0.00(control),0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L groups and RT-PCR was used to detect Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression of myocardium at the 32 weeks of experiment.Results Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression levels in 0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20,0.40 mg/L groups were respectively as follows:0.54 ±0.14,0.52 ± 0.10,0.48 ± 0.24,0.58 ± 0.13,0.45 ± 0.19 and 0.85 ± 0.14,0.86 ± 0.12,0.87 ± 0.09,0.99 ±0.10,0.86 ± 0.19.Compared to the control group,Ebag9 mRNA level of the 0.20 mg/L group was increased,and decreased in other groups,but the difference between two groups was not significant(all P ＞ 0.05).Compared to control group,the efp mRNA level of 0.20 mg/L group increased significantly(P ＜ 0.05),and showed increased tendency in other arsenic groups,but the difference between two groups was not significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Ebag9 and efp mRNA expression have changed in myocardium of rats exposed to chronic arsenic.Arsenic may has endocrine disruptor effect to female rat's myocardium.

OBJECTIVESTo explore whether the angiotensin I -converting enzyme (ACE) I/D (insertion/ deletion) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in the Han Chinese.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-seven HAPE-p (HAPE patients) and 193 HAPE-r (HAPE resistants) were enrolled from the Yushu earthquake reconstruction workers in Qinghai province where the altitude is over 3 500 m above sea level. Blood samples were collected from each of the HAPE-p and HAPE-r groups. Information about physiological phenotypes was obtained via fieldwork investigation. The ACE-I/D polymorphism in HAPE-p and HAPE-r was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

RESULTSThe SaO2 was significantly lower while HR was significantly higher in HAPE-p group than those in HAPE-r group. The genotype frequencies of ACE-I/D for II, ID, DD in HAPE-r and HAPE-p groups were 0.430, 0.446, 0.124 and 0.435, 0.469, 0.095, respectively, the allelic frequencies of I and D were 0.650, 0.350 and 0.670, 0.330, respectively. The OR of ID, DD and D alleles relative to II for HAPE was 0.961 (0.610-1.514), 1.322 (0.634-2.758) and 1.080 (0.783-1.489). There was no significant difference of the genotypic and the allelic frequencies in ACE-I/D polymorphism between HAPE-p and HAPE-r groups.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no relation between ACE-I/D polymorphism and HAPE in the Han Chinese.

Alleles ; Altitude ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pulmonary Edema ; genetics

Objective To explore the relationship between childhood abuse experience,parent and peer attachment and depression in adolescents.Methods A total of 736 junior students from the 7th,8th and 9th grades of 2 public schools in Xinxiang City and Jiyuan City Henan province completed the questionnaires.Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC) were employed the childhood abuse experience,parent attachment quality and depressive mood in adolescents,respectively.The hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between parent and peer attachment,child abused experience and depression.Results Male participants reported high score of childhood abused than female participants(33.29±7.89 and 31.05±6.01,t=4.343,P=0.000).There were no significantly gender difference in mother attachment(male:59.89±15.86,female:61.45±16.48,t=-1.303,P=0.193),father attachment(male:59.32±17.17,female:60.28±16.95,t=-0.764,P=0.445) and depression(male:7.68±5.27,female:7.31±4.21,t=1.057,P=0.291).Childhood abuse had a positive correlation with adolescent depression(r=0.408,P=0.000),which negatively correlated with mother and father attachment(r=-0.544,-0.417,respectively,Pa=0.000).There was a positive correlation between mother attachment and father attachment(r=0.604,P=0.000),and both of them had negative correlation with depressive disorder(both r=-0.426,Pa=0.000).Mother and father attachment were the partial mediation of the relationship between childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Conclusions Male adolescents suffered more maltreatment than female adolescents.There are no gender difference in parent attachment and depression.Parent attachment plays the partial mediator role in childhood abuse and adolescent depression.Results reveal the importance of assessment and consideration of parent attachment in the intervention of depression in abused adolescents.

Objective To identify histopathologic correlates for the various MRI appearances of breast fibroadenomas.Methods Thirty-eight fibroadenomas in 33 patients(aged 24—57 years)examined with gadolonium-enhanced MR imaging were observed for signal intensity on T_2-weighted images,contrast enhancement,shape,and internal septation,and these findings were correlated with histopathologic findings.All cases underwent surgery and were proved by pathology.Results(1)The lesion shape was lobular,or round in 34 of 38 fibroadenomas(89.5%).(2)The signal intensity on T_1-weighted images was less than or equal to that of fibroglandular tissue in all cases.The signal intensity on T_2-weighted images was highly varible:high T_2 signal intensity was associated with more myxomatous stromal(mean myxoid-sclerotic index value of 1.9),higher stromal cellularity(mean stromal cellularity index value of 2.2); Fibroadenomas with low T_2 signal intensity had stromal that was nearly uniformly sclerotic(mean myxoid- sclerotic index values of 2.8)and low stromal cellularity(mean stromal-cellularity index value of 1.2). Significant differences were found between these two groups,x~2=11.267 and x~2=10.415(P0.05).The degree of contrast enhancement was proved to be related to ages of patients.The enhancement was more intensely in younger patients.(5)Internal septations were identified within nine of 33 enhancing fibroadenomas (27.3%)and appeared to correlated with collagenous bands at histopatholigic analysis.Conclusions Fibroadenomas demonstrate marked histopathologic variability.The resultant variability in the MR appearance correlated with the degree of myxomatous or sclerotic and stromal cellularity.Lobulation and internal septation,which appear to reflect intrinsic growth patterns of fibroadenomas,may provide more reliable information for distinction.Familiarity with the diagnostic features would facilitate to make the differential diagnosis correctly.