Objective　To investigate the early changes and clinical significance of plasma endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) in patients with acute brain injury.　Methods　The plasma ET and NO concentration at 1 day after injury were checked with radioimmunoassay and Green method in 48 cases of acute brain injury, in 42 cases of non-brain injury and in 38 healthy volunteers. 　Results　 The early plasma concentrations of ET and NO were (109.73±12.61) ng/Lf and (92.82±18.21) μmol/L, respectively, in 48 cases of acute cerebral injury, which were higher than those in the non-brain injury group［(67.90±11.33) ng/L and (52.66±12.82) μmol/L, respectively, P<0.01］ and in the normal control group ［(50.65±17.12)ng/L and (36.12±12.16) μmol/L, respectively, P<0.001］. The amounts of ET and NO in the patients with severe brain injury were (116.18±18.12) ng/L and (108.19±13.28) μmol/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the moderate brain injury group［(92.33±16.32) ng/L and (76.38±12.71) μmol/L, respectively, P<0.01］.The early levels of ET and NO were negatively related to the GCS scores of the patients with acute brain injury. The amounts of ET and NO were (126.23±15.23)ng/l and (118.18±10.12) μmol/L, respectively, in the patients with subdural hematomas, which were significantly higher than those in the patients with epidural hematomas ［(81.13±12.37) ng/L and(68.02±13.18) μmol/L, respectively, P<0.01］. The stable plasma concentrations of ET and NO at 14 days after injury in the patients with acute brain injury and with non-brain injury were similar to that in the normal controls. 　Conclusions　 ET and NO are related to the pathophysiological process in the early period of acute brain injury, and the values of ET and NO correlate positively with the clinical manifestations. The changes of plasma ET and NO can be regarded as important indexes to diagnose the severity of acute brain injury.

The marrow stromal osteoblasts from New Zealand rabbits were seeded on coral treated with L-polylysine, fibronectin and culture medium only, then the cells/coral composites were cultured in vitro. The cells/coral composites were observed for the process of cells growth and matrix formation at 7, 14 and 21 days after culture. With the aid of electron microscope,it was demonstrated that on the surface of the coral holes,which was treated with fibronectin, there were more adhering osteoblasts and matrix formation than those treated with both L-polylysine and culture medium after 7 and 14 days.Cell count in coral blocks was determined by doing a fluorimetric DNA assay. Although the samples treated with L-polylysine demonstrated higher cell count than the coral treated with culture medium after 7 days, there was no statistically difference between the two after 14, 21 days. At each time point, the samples treated with fibronectin showed higher cell count and alkaline phosphatase activity than the orals otherwise treated, and the cell count also increased with culture time. The study suggests that fibronectin has a significant effect on promoting the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts on the surface of coral.

Despite the progress in the comprehensive management of colorectal cancer,locally advanced (T3 and T4 stages) and metastatic colorectal cancer is still a challenging problem.Although researches on neoadjuvant therapy and targeted therapy have obtained many encouraging results,many unanswered questions still remain.These include the indication of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer,the optimal management of patients with hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.R0 resection was the first choice for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer,but it is only suitable for selected patients.Chemotherapy and targeted therapy are effective in converting some unresectable liver metastasis into resectable disease.This review focuses on recent improvements in the management of locally advanced colorectal cancer,as well as the management of hepatic and (or) pulmonary metastasis.

Objective: To explore the imported medicine price’s pass-through effect on domestic western medicine’s price. Methods: Based on the time-series data from January 2003 to March 2013, the empirical research studied the effect of imported medicine’s price and other variables on domestic western medicine price. Results: The imported medicine’ price has short significant effect on domestic medicine. Conclusion: To reduce the effect of imported medicine price’s fluctuation, the government should intervene the medicine price moderately; the drug company and the hospital should pay attention to the efficacy and the promotion of the domestic western medicine.

The miR-17-92 cluster,consisting of six individual microRNAs,including miR-17,miR-20a,miR-18a,miR-19a,miR-19b and miR-92a-1,is a kind of typical oncogenic polycistron microRNA.MiR-19 (containing miR-19a and miR-19b),as the key oncogenic component in miR-17-92 cluster,is overexpressed in human cancers including lymphomas,leukaemia,lung cancer,breast cancer and multiple myeloma,and has been one of research focus in recent years.It is found that miR-19 promotes tumor growth,invasion and metastasis through negative regulation of target genes such as PTEN,PP2A,Bim,SOCS1,and is correlated strongly with PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.MiR-19 plays an important role in tumor genesis and development.

Continuing medical education is one of major parts in medical education system of minimal invasive surgeon. Based on the characteristics of net continuing medical education such as freedom of learning, no regional restriction and abundant resource, combined with visualized teaching of minimal invasive surgery education, the novel training model of e-learning based on internet was applied to establish minimal invasive surgery continuing education system.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for either cleavage or translational repression.Accumulated studies show that miRNAs aberrantly expressed in tumors are closely related with tumorogenesis and could be potential tumor biomarkers.It will be helpful in the diagnosis,prognosis and(or) predicting treatment response of tumor by imaging miRNAs expression.Several molecular imaging methods,including the optical imaging,radionuclide imaging and multimodality imaging,have been successfully used to visualize miRNAs,miRNAs,a new molecular imaging target,may explore a new field for tumor diagnosis and therapy.

Objective To evaluate the intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)for the whole pelvis in the treatment for cervix cancer with the method of ionization chamber verification and fluence map verification.Methods IMRT plan was designed with Pinnacle 7.0 inversed treatment planning system,and the planning parameter was copied to the solid water phantom.The dose of the reference points in the phantom was calibrated with ionization chamber,and compared with those in IMRT plan.Then the gantry angle was set as 0 degree.The solid water phantom was irradiated with film,and the actual fluence maps were obtained 2cm below the phantom surface,and then the delivered films were compared with those fluence maps in plan.Results The error percentage at 4 points was less than 3% in absolute dose calibration,at 2 points was less than 5%,at another 2 points was less than 5%,at 1 point was over 10%,and at another 1 point was over 15%.It was found that the last two calibrated points were set in a region with a high dose gradient,resulting in high error.In fact they were impertinent.So another two points were chosen in uniformity area of dose distribution.The percentage of error were both less than 3%.The fluence maps between films and plan were consistent.Conclusion It is feasible to evaluate IMRT plan for whole pelvis in the treatment of cervix cancer with the method of ionization chamber verification and fluence map verification.The results can meet the clinical requirement.

The CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment has achieved clinical success in treating B-cell lineage hematopoietic malignancies. This accomplishment involved the precise and efficient elimination of tumor cells by tumor-associated an-tigen-redirected immune cells. As a result, the reinitiation of several CAR T-cell (CART) based clinical trials in solid tumors was promot-ed. However, developing a feasible and efficient CAR T based therapeutic modality for solid tumors is urgently needed given the differ-ential properties between liquid and solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the advances in the management of cytotherapeutic mo-dality for solid tumors. The aspects considered include toxicity management, target selection, and primer or conditioning treatment.

Complete surgical resection is very important for the outcome of cancer treatment and prognosis.Radionuclide imaging and optical imaging are effective methods for intra-operative guidance of tumor exploration and resection because of their capability in accurate tumor localization and margin delineation.With the development of more specific molecular probes and more sensitive detectors,advanced imaging methods that combine the advantages of both optical and radionuclide imaging,such as Cerenkov luminescence imaging,will be expected to play a more important role as intra-operative navigating agents for surgical oncology in the near future.