Objective To explore the mechanism of the cumulative biological effect of acupoint laser radiation and investigate its analgesic effect by comparing the therapeutic effects of semiconductor laser radiation versus acupuncture at point Zusanli(ST36) in acute adjuvant arthritis rats and to provide the experiment-based theoretical foundation and basis for the course of treatment of acute arthritis pain by clinical use of semiconductor laser. Method A rat model of AA was made by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into rat toe. Eighty rats were randomly allocated to eight groups:model, blank, three-day laser radiation, five-day laser radiation, seven-day laser radiation, three-day acupuncture, five-day acupuncture and seven-day acupuncture treatment groups, 10 rats each. The three laser groups separately received 650 nm semiconductor laser radiation. The three acupuncture groups separately received acupuncture with a filiform needle at point Zusanli(ST36) on the inflammation-affected side. Rat general condition, body weight, pain threshold value and ankle swelling degree were observed. Serum inflammatory factors IL-1、TNF-αand IFN-γcontents were measured by ELISA. Result There were statistically significant posttreatment differences in body weight, joint swelling degree and pain threshold between the laser treatment and acupuncture treatment groups of rats (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant post-treatment difference in joint swelling degree between three-day laser, five-day laser and seven-day laser treatment groups (P<0.05). Pain threshold was lowest at five days after treatment and increased somewhat at seven days after treatment in both the three-day laser and three-day acupuncture treatment groups. The IL-1 content tended to decrease on the whole and had a decreasing tendency at three and five days after treatment in both laser and acupuncture treatment groups. At seven days after treatment, it reached the lowest value in the laser treatment group but had a marked increasing tendency in the acupuncture treatment group. The IFN-γcontent had an increasing tendency at three and five days after treatment in both laser and acupuncture treatment groups. The IFN-γcontent tended to change gently in the laser treatment group from day five to seven after treatment. It tended to decrease from day five to seven after acupuncture treatment but was still higher than in the three-day acupuncture treatment group. The TNF-αcontent tended to decrease from day three to five after treatment in both laser and acupuncture treatment groups. From day five to seven after treatment, it tended to decrease gently in the laser treatment group but tended to increase slightly in the acupuncture treatment group. Conclusion Both semiconductor laser radiation and acupuncture at point Zusanli have an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and can relieve the general symptoms in AA rats, but semiconductor laser radiation is significantly superior to acupuncture treatment in eliminating inflammation and easing pain and produces a more timely and better therapeutic effect. After semiconductor laser radiation at acupoints, the related serum cytokines tended to increase or decrease slowly in AA rats after the turning point appeared during the treatment, which embodies the parabola feature of laser radiation treatment. It is showed that with an increase in laser radiation length, the biological effect of laser accumulates, suggesting that attention should be paid to the cumulative effect during laser treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the infusion solutions which are compatible with Compound kushen injection. METHODS:The insoluble particles of kushen injection in four kinds of infusion solutions were detected respectively by light blockage method.RESULTS:Insoluble particles of different size and number were noted for Compound kushen injection when mixed respectively with four kinds of infusion solutions,but the insoluble particles in all kinds of infusion solutions except 10% glucose injection were all within the range specified in China Pharmacopeia(2005 edition).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium ch-loride injection is the optimal compatible infusion solution for Compound kushen injection.

Objective To investigate changes of thyroid function indices and their correlation with blood routine examination results, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein(hsCRP)levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)in 30 inpatients with acute urticaria. Methods Thyroid function indices were retrospectively analyzed in 30 inpatients with acute urticaria (patient group)and 30 healthy controls (control group), including total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibody(TG-Ab)and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab). A correlation analysis was done between thyroid function indices and blood routine examination results (white blood cell [WBC]count, neutrophil count, hemoglobin), hsCRP levels and ESR. Results Abnormal thyroid function indices were observed in 23 (23/30, 76.7%) patients with acute urticaria. Compared with the control group, the patient group showed significantly decreased levels of FT3, TT3, TT4 and hemoglobin(t = 6.39, 5.55, 3.57, 3.70, all P < 0.01), but significantly increased positive rates of thyroid autoantibodies (χ2 = 7.68, P < 0.01)as well as WBC counts, neutrophil counts, hsCRP levels and ESR (t = 3.96, 8.73, 2.51, 2.35, all P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between hemoglobin level and FT3, TT3, TT4 levels(r = 0.63, 0.59, 0.37, all P < 0.05), but a negative correlation between neutrophil count and FT3, TT3, TSH levels(r = -0.45,-0.50, -0.37, all P < 0.05), as well as between TT3 and hsCRP levels (r = -0.39, P < 0.05)in the patient group. Conclusion Patients with severe acute urticaria usually show abnormal thyroid function during attacks, which mainly manifests as low T3 syndrome and high positive rates of thyroid autoantibodies, and may be associated with decreased hemoglobin levels and infection.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) in glomerulosclerosis secondary to adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy in rats, and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of IL-1?. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control, ADR-induced nephropathy (model), and simvastatin-treated ADR nephropathy (treatment) groups. After ADR-induced nephropathy establishment in model and treatment groups, and eleven weeks of intragastrical administer of normal saline in normal control and model groups and of simvastatin in treatment group, the expression of IL-1? was detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and ELISA. Histopathological change of renal tissues was observed under light microscope, and glomerulosclerosis index (GSI) was also evaluated. Results Higher expression of IL-1? in kidney and GSI, as well as more severe loss of renal function were observed in model group than those in control group (all P

The writing of vocational college thesis is the maln way to test whether the students are able to analyze and solve practical problems with the professional knowledge and skills they've learnt, as well as improve the capability of production and practice. This paper analyzes the present situation of the thesis written by higher vocational college students majoring in pharmaceutical sci-ences, and figures out the four kinds of evaluation standards about graduation thesis for students in various pharmaceutical fields with different problems. The four kinds of evaluation standards includes key point analysis on Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), planning strategy for pharmaceutical mar-keting, investigation of rational use of drugs in hospitals and subject research. The author puts forward the solving method for the problem, and formulate the evaluation requirements.

ObjectiveTo observe clinical features and identify causative genes of reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures in a pedigree.Methods A survey was conducted in a pedigree with reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures.Clinical manifestations were recorded in details for each patient in this pedigree.Tissue specimen was obtained from the proband for histopathological examination and ultrastructural observation.Mutation scanning was carried out by PCR and direct sequencing in 3 patients in the family.ResultsAll the patients in this pedigree presented with reticular pigmentation of the flexures and idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis on the abdomen and back.Histopathological and ultrastructural study revealed epidermal hyperpigmentation with an increase in melanin content in epidermal keratinocytes but no changes in the number of melanocytes.No mutation was found in the KRT5 gene in this family.ConclusionsThis is the first case report of reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures associated with idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis.No mutation is identified in the KRT5 gene of patients with reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures in this family,indicating the existence of other causative genes.

Objective To study the chemical components in Rabdosia excisoides.Methods The isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel column chromatography,the chemical structures were determind by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.Results Two compounds were isolated from R.excisoides and their structures were identified,one was named as excisoidesin A(Ⅰ),a new diterpenoid and the other was a known compound,oleanolic acid(Ⅱ).Conclusion Excisoidesin A is a new diterpenoid.

0.5).IgG、IgA and IgM of controlgroup and observation group in 10～13 years old are similar to that in 5～9 years old group. The IgG_1of control group and observation group in 5～9 years old are 5.501?0.976 and 9.715?3.746g/L respe-etively (t=5.046, P0.05),IgG_3 are0.517?0.167 and 0.828?0.578g/L respectively (t=2.132, P0.05).The IgG_2 Levels of observation groupis higher than that of control group in 10～13 years old(P

AIM: To observe the effects and location of autologous bone marrow stem cells(BMSCs) transplanted through renal artery into ischemic-reperfusion(I/R) injured kidney.METHODS: BMSCs were collected from rabbits after isolated and then labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine(BrdU).Twenty-eight rabbits were subjected to clamping renal pedicles for 105 min and divided into the transplantation group and control group randomly.BrdU labeled BMSCs or saline were injected into the kidney by renal artery,respectively.Before and after I/R at the 1st,3rd, 5th,7th,14th,21th and 28th d,the venous blood was collected to measure serum Cr and BUN.In the same time,renal tissue was collected for pathological and immunohistochemical study.RESULTS: After I/R,serum Cr and BUN levels in the rabbits in two groups became higher,and on the 1st and 3rd d after I/R,reached the highest level.On the 7th d the serum Cr and BUN levels in transplantation group were lower than those in control group.On the 28th d the levels of serum Cr(90.1?11.1) ?mol/L and BUN(8.0?1.5) mmol/L in transplantation group were significantly lower than those in control group(135.6?32.5) ?mol/L and(10.9?2.5) mmol/L,respectively(P