Occult breast cancer is a rare disease with the primary symptom of enlarged ipsilateral axillary lymph node. At present,it is still difficult to diagnose occult breast cancer. The diagnosis is based on the core needle biopsy and following immunohistochemical staining for the enlarged lymph nodes. If the results support,the diagnosis can be confirmed after the exclusion of other primary tumors. The standard treatment of occult breast cancer is still the mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an independent factor affecting the prognosis,which is also recommended before the oper-ation. Chemotherapy,radiotherapy and endocrine therapy could be chosen based on immunohistochemical results after surgical treatment. The prognosis of occult breast cancer is similar to the other types of breast cancer at the same staging.

Objective To study the effect of PIM-1 gene silence by RNA interference (RNAi) on the growth of human prostate cancer xenograft tumor in nude mice. Methods The xenograft tumor model of human prostate cancer was established by injecting PC-3 cells in armpits of 12 nude mice. After modeling, the nude mice were randomly divided into three groups: interference plasmid group (injecting with RNAi recombinant plasmid), empty plasmid group and negative control group (liposome every), 4 mice in each group. Mice were injected every 2 days for 5 times. The tumor volumes of xenografts were measured during experiment, and the curve of tumor growth was drawn accordingly. The quality of tumor was measured, and the inhibitory rate of tumor was calculated at the end of the experiments. The expression levels of PIM-1, c-MYC mRNA and protein in xenograft tumors were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry staining was used to verify the expression of PIM-1. Results The xenograft tumor model of human prostate cancer was established successfully. The volume of tumor was significantly decreased 6 days after the injection treatment in interference plasmid group than that of empty plasmid group and negative control group. The effect of suppressing tumor growth was remarkable. The expression levels of PIM-1 mRNA and protein were down-regulated significantly in interference plasmid group than those of other two groups. The immunohistochemical staining of PIM-1 showed the same changes. There was no significant difference in c-MYC protein level between the three groups. But interestingly, the c-MYC mRNA level was significantly decreased in interference plasmid group than that of other two groups. Conclusion The silence of PIM-1 gene by RNAi recombinant plasmid can result a significant growth suppression of the human prostate cancer xenograft tumors in nude mice. The expression of c-MYC gene is down-regulated at translation level in the therapeutic group concomitantly. PIM-1 may be a promising target of gene therapy for prostate cancer.

Objective To study the strategy of expanding standard donor heart application and to analyze the clinical effect on applying expanding standard donor heart in heart transplantation.Methods 146 patients received heart transplantation in Fuwai Hospital Bering from June 2004 to February 2009.Expanding standard donor heart was defined as prolonged ischemic time over 6 h,advanced age up to 40,and blood type ABO mismathched.Blood type examination and PRA test were done before operation.The donor heart was preserved by sequential perfusion with cold St.Thomas and HTK solution.The patients were divided into groups according to different oversize body weight,ischemic time,and donor age Results There were 11 deaths after operation.Ischernic time of donor heart was 262.1±120.8 min,and that of 21 donors was over 360 min(the longest one was 605 min).There was no significant diffeFence in recipient properties before transplantation.and also there was no significant difference in mortality,heart function,heart rejection,and main morbidity after transplantation and during follow-up.Conclusion These data support continued aggressive utilization of expanding standard donor hearts in heart transplantation.Our experience demonstrates thatproperly expanding standard cardiac allografts application has no effects on the short- and long-term clinical outcome following heart transplantation.

Objective: To evaluate mid-term outcomes for the application of homograft valve conduits in right ventricular outlfow reconstruction in patients with congenital heart disease. Methods: We retrospectively studied 122 patients who received right ventricular outlfow reconstruction by homograft valve conduits application in our hospital from 2007-10 to 2014-07. The patients were divided into different sets of groups, by surgical procedure: Ross group,n=38 and Non-Ross group,n=84; by median age: ≤6 years group,n=61 and >6 years group, n=61; by the type of valve conduits: Aortic homograft group,n=21 and Pulmonary homograft group,n=101; by the diameter of conduits: ≤19 mm group,n=31 and >19 mm group,n=91. The relationships between pre-operative conditions, different types of conduits and diameters to the prognosis were analyzed; the post-operative death, re-operation, free homograft valve conduits failure rates were followed-up in all patients. Results: The average follow-up time was (35.4 ± 22.2) months and 2/122 (1.6%) patients died during that period, the overall free conduits failure rates at 1, 5 and 7 years post-operation were 94.2%, 81.2% and 75.4% respectively. The free conduits failure rates in Pulmonary homograft group at 1, 5, 7 years post-operation were 96.2%, 86.1%,79.9% and in Aortic homograft group were 80.0%, 59.7%, 59.7% respectively,P=0.011; in Ross group were 96.4%, 89.0%, 89.0% and in Non-Ross group were 91.3%, 78.3%, 67.1% respectively,P=0.045. While the age, conduits diameter, cyanosis and re-operation had no statistical meaning to free conduits failure rates, allP>0.05. Conclusion: Application of homograft valve conduits had good mid-term outcomes in right ventricular outflow reconstruction in patients with congenital heart disease, while the long-term effects should be further emphasized in clinical practice.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in elderly population in order to direct the early diagnosis and prevention of arteriosclerosis in the elderly.Methods A total of 927 cases of elderly residents were randomly selected from 19 villages in Shengze area,Jiangsu Province.The indexes such as age,gender,height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference and blood pressure were collected through standardized questionnaire and physical examination.The biochemical indicators including serum bilirubin,creatinine,uric acid,fasting blood glucose and blood lipids were measured,and baPWV was tested by automatic arteriosclerosis measurement system.Results The differences in age,systolic blood pressure,heart rate,serum bilirubin,creatinine,uric acid,triglycerides levels and baPWV were statistically significant between the male and female (all P＜0.05).BaPWV rised with the increase of age.Overall,baPWV was faster in the female than in male (P＜0.01).Blood pressure (r=0.36,0.59,P＜0.001),age (r=0.26,0.30,P＜0.001) and heart rate (r=0.30,0.33,P＜ 0.001) were correlated with baPWV,while uric acid had a correlation with baPWV (r=0.12,0.21,P＜0.01).A correlation was found between total cholesterol and baPWV (r=0.09,0.11,P＜0.05) Multi-variable linear stepwise regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure,heart rate and age were the influencing factors for baPWV,of which systolic blood pressure had the greatest influence on baPWV (β＞0.5,P＜0.001).Conclusions With the increase of age,the baPWV shows rising trend.The monitor of baPWV may be useful in the elderly,especially in females.Blood pressure control,especially the control of systolic blood pressure can slow the progression of atherosclerosis.

A high efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed from leaf explants of the female 'Red Sun' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and the multiplication coefficient and rooting rate of adventitious buds were also optimized. This method does not require formation of callus tissues which leads to somaclonal variations. The results show that the adventitious buds developing directly from explants tissue were noticed after 30 d of culture. The maximum regeneration frequency of adventitious buds is 100% and 18.67 shoots was observed in each leaf explants when MS medium was supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA. The optimal culture medium for bud multiplication is MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3 and the multiplication coefficient reached 8.63. On the rooting medium with 1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA for 15 d, the adventitious plantlets were transferred into matrix perlite supplied with 1/2 MS liquid medium for 15 d and the rooting rate reached 100%. 95 out of 98 plantlets (96.94%) survived acclimatization, producing healthy plants in the greenhouse. Taken together, a highly efficient regeneration method via leaf explants of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit was successfully established. This protocol may be useful for micropropagation and genetic transformation studies of 'Red Sun' kiwifruit.
Actinidia ; growth & development ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; Regeneration ; physiology ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

Objective To study the mid-and long-term outcomes and prognostic risk factors of mitral valve replacement (MVR) in children.Methods Retrospectively studied the cases(＜ 14 years) receiving MVR between July 2003 and March 2014 in our hospital,and recorded the gender,age,operation related data and the results of echocardiography,electrocardiogram and chest X-ray in the out-patient department.Results A total of 48 patients were followed up.Age was 8 months 15 days-13 years 9 months and 22 days,the average was (9.5 ± 3.9) years.24 cases were original operations,others were second operations.43 mechanical valves were used,as well as 5 tissue valves.The mortality was 8.3 ％ and the incidence of complications was 25.0％ during the hospitalization or within 30 days after the operations.Follow-up time was 4.7-150.7 months,the average was(62.0 ± 42.3) months.The long-term mortality was 9.1％,and the incidence of complications was 9.4％.Follow-up of left ventricular ejection fraction was 0.30-0.77,the average was 0.61 ±0.08.There was no redo-MVR or implantation of pace maker.The survival rates of 1 year,5 years and 10 years were (89.5 ± 4.5) ％、(83.0 ± 6.1) ％、(77.8 ±7.6)％,respectively.Children younger than 5 years was the risk factor for perioperative mortality or complications (OR =8.47,95％ CI:1.36-52.61).Children with perioperative complications was the risk factor for long-term mortality or complications(OR =9.97,95％ CI:1.39-71.76).Conclusion The results of children with MVR were satisfactory.To perform MVR in children older than 5 years if possible and to reduce the incidence of perioperative complications could improve the prognosis.

To test the hypothesis that the controlled reperfusion of warm blood cardioplegiacontaining mannitol would result in more effectively improved recovery of myocardial function by prevent-ing or reducing a potentially harmful component of reperfusion. Methods: Thirty-two cats were divided in-to four groups. Group Ⅰwas not subjected to ischemia or reperfusion injury. Group Ⅱ was subjected to60 min hypothermic ischemia. Group Ⅲwas subjected to 60 min hypothermic ischemia and 60 min reperfu-sion. Group Ⅳ was controlled reperfusion with warm blood cardioplegia containing mannitol. Results:Myocardial functlon was significantly depressed after 60 min reperfusion- Increased myocardial water con-tent and low ATP c0ntent were observed also. Controlled reperfusion with warm bl0od cardioplegia con-taining mannitol was helpful to improve the recovery of myocardial function and ATP content, and to re-duce the myocardial water content. Conclusion: These results indicate that controlled reperfusion after is-chemia provides benefit in avoiding myocardium from reperfusion injury.

Objective To study the postmortem distribution of Bromadiolone and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs and provide an experimental evidence for the sampling of Bromadiolone poisoning cases. Methods The dogs were given 2LD50 and 4LD50 Bromadiolone by intragastric administration. Anatomy was conducted immediately after death and samples of body fluids and viscera (heart blood; peripheral blood, bile, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, urinary bladder, left leg muscle, stomach, stomach contents, pancreas) were collected and detected after the dogs poisoning death. The Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone contents in samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Results Hemorrhagic symptoms came out at 3d after Bromadiolone delivery and deaths occurred at (178.40±20.94)h after intoxication. The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs was as following: 2LD50 Bromadiolon: bile>urine, liver, heart, kidney>heart blood, peripheral blood, spleen, lung and so on. Benzylideneacetone: the content in bile, urine, heart blood, peripheral blood, lung, stomach contents are higher. 4LD50 Bromadiolon: bile, urine>liver, peripheral blood>heart blood, stomach contents and others. Benzylideneacetone:contents in bile, urine and lung are higher. Conclusion The postmortem distribution of Bromadiolon and its metabolite-Benzylideneacetone in dogs is uneven, contents in bile, urine, liver, heart blood and peripheral blood are higher, whichare suggested for forensic toxicological analysis in Bromadiolon poisonig case.

Objective To study the effects of the compound medicine of icariin and puerarin on peak bone mass in rats during growth period, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1 month were randomly divided into normal control group( C), icariin group( I), puerarin group( P), icariin and puerarin compound groupc(I+P), 10 in each group. The body weights were recorded once every two weeks, and the bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every month. After the bone mineral density of the whole body was significantly different between the control group and drug groups the animals were sacrificed. The right femur and vertebrae were separated to measure the bone mineral density. The biomechanical properties of the femur and vertebra were detected by AG-IS series desktop electronic universal testing machine. The bone formation index osteocalcin, PINP and bone resorption index were determined by ELISA. Changes in the contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b) and CTX-1; and changes in trabecular bone related parameters were recorded after magenta-picric acid staining. Results There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body bone density after 1 month of treatment (P＞0.05). After 2 months of treatment, the body bone density of the drug-administered group was higher than that of the control group. Whole body bone density, femur and vertebral bone density, femur maximum load value, maximum vertebrae load value and trabecular bone number and area, serum OC and PINP levels increased, while TRACP 5b and CTX-1 levels decreased(P＜0.01) in drug group. The difference from the control group was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters and bone histomorphology between the compound drug group and the two-flavor monomer group ( P＜0. 01). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density and biomechanics, but the average value was higher than that of the monomer group. Conclusion The combination of icariin and puerarin can effectively increase the peak bone mass in rats.