extraction hours. No significant difference of flavonoids content was observed among the different collecting time of C. morifolium. Conclusion The optimum extraction conditions were 75% ethanol, refluence for 1 5 h at 100 ℃ water bath for three times. The flavonoids would not be bound up with the harvest time.

Objective: To examine the mediating effect of positive coping style on health literacy and lifestyle among medical students, so as to provide the reference for health education and health promotion among medical students in universities. Methods: Medical students of six full-time medical colleges in Guizhou Province were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method from April to June 2023, and their gender, age and educational level were investigated by questionnaires. The College Students' Healthy Lifestyle Scale, the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Simplified Coping Style Scale were used to evaluate lifestyle, health literacy and coping style of students. The Process program was used to analyze the mediating effect of positive coping style on health literacy and lifestyle, and Bootstrap method was used to examine the significance of the mediating effect. Results: A total of 9 266 peoples were investigated, including 3 177 males (34.29%) and 6 089 females (65.71%), and had a mean age of (21.06±2.61) years. There were 2 775 junior college students (29.95%), 4 864 undergraduates (52.49%) and 1 627 master students (17.56%). The scores of lifestyle, health literacy and positive coping style among medical students were 118.34±19.06, 54.57±10.81 and 2.81±0.68, respectively. Health literacy had a direct positive effect on lifestyle (effect value=0.286, 95%CI: 0.257-0.316) and a indirect positive effect on lifestyle through positive coping style (effect value=0.215, 95%CI: 0.193-0.236), and the mediating effect contributed 42.91% to the total effect. Conclusion Health literacy could improve lifestyle indirectly through positive coping style among medical students.

Objective: To investigate the occupational delay of gratification among community healthcare workers and its influencing factors, so as to provide insights into the sustainable development of primary healthcare personnel. Methods: The in-service community healthcare workers from 5-7 community health service centers in 9 cities (prefectures) of Guizhou Province were selected using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Gender, age, and educational level and other basic information were collected through questionnaire surveys. The status of occupational delay of gratification was investigated using the Occupational Delay of Gratification Scale. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of occupational delay of gratification. Results: A total of 2 076 respondents were surveyed, including 367 males (17.68%) and 1 709 females (82.32%). There were 112 respondents (5.39%) with secondary vocational school degree or below, 872 respondents (42.00%) with junior college degree, 1 087 respondents (52.36%) with bachelor's degree, and 5 respondents (0.24%) with master's degree or above. There were 665 respondents (32.03%) with managerial positions. The monthly income of 1 705 respondents (82.13%) was ≤5 000 Yuan. The total score of occupational delay of gratification was (33.22±4.33) points, and the total average score was (2.77±0.36) points. The average scores of work delay, career delay and persistence were (2.67±0.48), (2.96±0.45) and (2.75±0.46) points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis identified educational level (junior college, β=0.089; bachelor's degree, β=0.088), management position (not have, β=-0.046) and monthly income (>6 000 Yuan, β=0.085) as factors affecting occupational delay of gratification (all P<0.05). Conclusion The community healthcare workers with an education below secondary vocational school, no management position and lower income have relatively lower level of occupational delay of gratification.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of emotional intelligence among postgraduates, so as to provide the evidence for promoting the mental health of postgraduates. Methods: The postgraduates from higher education institutions in Guizhou Province were selected using stratified cluster sampling method from November to December 2023. Demographic information such as gender, college, professional discipline and monthly family income were collected using questionnaire surveys. Stress perception was investigated using the Chinese version of the Stress Perception Scale. Emotional intelligence was investigated using the Chinese version of the Emotional Intelligence Scale. The influencing factors for emotional intelligence were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Results: Totally 728 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.42%. There were 262 males (35.99%) and 466 females (64.01%). The mean score of emotional intelligence was (77.98±15.71) points, the mean score of emotional assessment was (20.57±4.50) points, the mean score of emotional regulation was (18.63±5.22) points, the mean score of emotional using was (18.90±4.87) points, and the mean score of emotional recognition was (19.89±4.73) points. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that professional discipline (economics and law, β'=0.108), monthly family income (3 000-5 000 yuan, β'=0.091; >5 000 yuan, β'=0.086) and stress perception (β'=-0.515) were associated with emotional intelligence among postgraduates. Conclusion The emotional intelligence among postgraduates was influenced by professional discipline, monthly family income and stress perception.

Objective To explore the changes of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with different baseline of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels after treatment with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV).Methods One hundred CHB patients with positive hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg),1 × 104 copy/mL≤HBV DNA≤1 × 107 copy/mL,and positive human leukocyte antigen-A2 were divided into two groups according to the baseline HBV DNA level:47 cases in low virus load group whose HBV DNA level was ≤1 × 105 copy/mL; 53 cases in high virus load group whose HBV DNA level was＞1 × 105 copy/mL.Both groups were treated with ADV 10 mg/d.Serum HBV DNA,HBeAg seroconversion rate,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels of both groups before treatment and 12 months after treatment were compared.Flow cytometry was used to test peripheral blood HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface PD-1 and peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL level.Categorical data were tested by x2 test; quantitative data was compared with t-test.Results Peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 of CHB patients in low virus load group was 20.17 ％±1.69％,which was lower than that in high virus load group (41.38％±2.30％,t =53.02,P＜0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV specific CTL levels in two groups were 0.37％±0.02％ and 0.17％± 0.02％,respectively (t=50.47,P＜0.01) ; ALT and TBil levels in low virus load group were both lower than those of high virus load group (t=13.07,P＜0.01; t=5.06,P＜0.01).Twelve months after treatment,HBV DNA of 25 cases (53.2％) in low virus load group and 10 cases (18.9％) in high virus load group were lower than the detectable level (HBV DNA＜500 copy/mL,x2 =12.89,P＜0.01);HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in 15 cases(31.9％) and 1 case (1.9％),respectively (x2 =16.72,P＜0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression levels were 9.00 ％ ±1.38 ％ and 29.40 ％ ± 3.76 ％,respectively (t =36.80,P＜ 0.01) ; peripheral blood HBV-specific CTL levels were 0.65％±0.10％ and0.48％±0.07％,respectively (t=9.61,P＜0.01).Conclusions After treatment with ADV,along with the decrease of HBV DNA load,HBV-specific CTL surface PD-1 expression decreases,while HBV-specific CTL level increases.The changes in low virus load group are much more remarkable.

Objective To observe the effect of Yingliu mixture combined with methimazole on autoantibodies and traditional Chinese medical syndromes of patients with Graves’ disease ( GD) . Methods A randomized, paralleled and controlled trial was carried out in 92 GD patients. The patients were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group, and were separately treated with Yingliu mixture combined with methimazole, and methimazole. The treatment for both groups lasted 12 weeks, and forty patients in each group completed the whole treatment. The changes of thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies, and traditional Chinese medical syndrome scores were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was also evaluated. Results (1) After treatment for 12 weeks, serum levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody ( TGAb) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody ( TRAb) were decreased, and thyroid stimulating hormone ( TSH) was increased obviously in both groups after treatment ( P<0.01 compared with those before treatment) . The treatment group has better effect on improving TGAb and TRAb than the control group ( P<0.05). ( 2) Compared with those before treatment, the total scores of clinical symptoms and signs were decreased in the two groups at different time points of treatment course ( P<0.001) , and the decrease value in the treatment group was larger than that in the control group ( P<0.05) . ( 3) The total effective rate of the treatment group was 92.50%, higher than 82.50% of the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Yingliu mixture combined with methimazole is effective on improving thyroid function, decreasing autoantibodies levels and relieving clinical symptoms and signs, and has better effect than methimazole alone for the treatment of GD.

Depression is a common cause of human disability and death.Some patients are not sensitive to antidepressants,and also the recurrence rate is very high.Unfortunately,there are many problems with existing antidepressants.So,it is urgent to find a new antidepressant aiming at multiple targets.Recently,researchers have found that soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor(SNARE)complex is closely related to the progression of depression.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of the SNARE complex in glial cells,and hopes to contribute to the understanding of depression and provide new ideas for clinical development of novel antidepressant drugs.

Objective To explore relationship between different HBV genotypes and peripheral blood follicular helper T lymphocyte (Tfh) and interleukin-21 (IL-21) and its significance in patients with HBV-induced hepatic cirrhosis.Methods HBV genotypes were tested in 59 cases of cirrhotic hepatitis B with positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2,differences of Tfh and IL-21 between patients infected with genotype B and genotype C were compared and its significance was investigated.Results In 59 cases of cirrhotic hepatitis B,36 cases (61.02％) were infected with genotype C,22 cases (37.29％) were infected with genotype B and 1 case (1.69％) was infected with genotype B and C.Peripheral blood Tfh level of genotype C was(2.89％ ± 1.44％),lower than that of genotype B (4.65％ ± 1.37％),t =3.01,P ＜0.01,IL-21 level of genotype C was (14.62 ± 2.12 ng/L),lower than that of genotype B (32.27 ± 11.25ng/L),t =4.12,P ＜0.01,HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)level of genotype C was (0.17％ ±0.02％),lower than that of genotype B(0.37％ ±0.03％),t =3.12,P ＜0.01,HBV DNA level of genotype C was (6.95 ± 0.75log10copies/ml),higher than that of genotype B (5.02 ± 0.36 log10 copies/ml),t =3.03,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusion Compared with cirrhotic hepatitis B patients infected with genotype B,peripheral blood Tfh level of patients infected with genotype C was lower,causing lower IL-21 level and lower HBV specific CTL level,which result in higher HBV DNA level.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum microRNA(miR)-204 and miR-200b lev-els and clinical efficacy in patients with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF).Methods A total of 110 patients with OSF who visited Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University from December 2021 to December 2022 were collected as the study group,another 50 healthy people who underwent physical examination during the same period were collected as the control group.The quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)method was ap-plied to detect and compare the serum levels of miR-204 and miR-200b in the study group and the control group.The study group was divided into miR-204 high expression group and low expression group,and miR-200b high expression group and low expression group.The clinical efficacy,transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),interleukin-6(IL-6),clinical pathological features,and visual analogue scale(VAS)of patients with different levels of serum miR-204 and miR-200b were compared,and Spearman and Pearson methods were applied to analyze the correlation between serum miR-204 and miR-200b levels and various indicators in the study group.Results The serum level of miR-204 and miR-200b in the study group was obviously lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total effective rates of patients in the high expression group of miR-204 and the high expression group of miR-200b were both 100.00％,which were higher than the total effective rates of the low expression group of miR-204 and the low expression group of miR-200b(86.79％and 88.89％)respectively,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P＜0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that the serum levels of miR-204 and miR-200b in OSF patients with chewing betel nut,mouth opening degree≤28 mm,oral mucosal lesion area＞4 cm2,and VAS score＞3 points were obviously lower than those with non chewing betel nut,mouth opening degree＞28 mm,oral mucosal lesion area≤4 cm2,and VAS score≤3 points,and the differences were statis-tically significant(P＜0.05).The levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in patients with high expression of miR-204 and miR-200b were obviously lower than those in patients with low expression of miR-204 and miR-200b,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The correlation analysis results showed that the serum levels of miR-204 and miR-200b in patients with OSF were negatively correlated with oral mucosal lesion are-a,VAS score,TGF-β1,IL-6(P＜0.05),and positively correlated with mouth opening degree(P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of miR-204 and miR-200b in patients with OSF are closely related to clinical ef-ficacy,and when the serum levels of miR-204 and miR-200b increase,OSF patients have better clinical efficacy.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of attentional bias of negative information between fatalism and death anxiety in lung neoplasms patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. It was convenient to select 312 lung neoplasms patients treated in the Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University the Chinese People′s Liberation Army, from April 2021 to April 2022 as the research subjects. Questionnaires were conducted with Fatalism Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, and Templer′s Death Anxiety Scale. Structural equation model were constructed based on self-regulatory executive function models.Results:The total score of fatalism, attentional bias of negative information, and death anxiety of 312 lung neoplasms patients were (61.68 ± 11.92) points, (39.57 ± 5.19) points, and (61.23 ± 9.30) points, respectively. Attentional bias of negative information was significantly positively correlated with fatalism ( r = 0.594, P<0.01). Death anxiety was significantly positively correlated with fatalism and attentional bias of negative information ( r = 0.494, 0.558, both P<0.01). Attentional bias of negative information played a partial mediating role between fatalism and death anxiety, and the mediating effect accounted for 37.7% of the total effect. The value of each fitness index of the mediation effect model was within the acceptable range. Conclusions:Attentional bias of negative information is an intermediary variable between fatalism and death anxiety of lung neoplasms patients. Nursing staff should pay attention to the level of attentional bias of negative information of lung neoplasms patients and carry out targeted nursing interventions from the emotional processing process to reduce the level of death anxiety in patients with lung neoplasms.