Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Cardioplegic (and organ preservation) solutions were initially designed to protect the myocardium (cardiac myocytes) during cardiac surgery (and heart transplantation). Due to the differences between the cardiac myocytes and vascular (endothelial and smooth muscle) cells in structure and function, the solutions may have adverse effect on coronary vascular cells. However, such effect is often complicated by many other factors such as ischemiareperfusion injury, temperature, and perfusion pressure or duration. In evaluation of the effect of a solution on the coronary endothelial function, a number of points should be taken into consideration. First, the overall effect on endothelium should be identified. Second, the effect of the solution on the individual endothelium-derived relaxing factors (nitric oxide, prostacylin, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) must be distinguished. Third, the effect of each major component of the solution should be investigated. Fourth, the effect of a variety of new additives in the solution may be studied. In the last decades, we have focused our research on the endothelial function during open heart surgery and have for the first time found that high potassium concentration impairs the EDHF-mediated function. This review attempts to discuss the above issues based on available literature in order to provide information for further development of cardioplegic or organ preservation solutions.

Carefully evaluation of cardiovascular function in children with septic shock is the basis of appropriate therapy.Clinical methods of cardiovascular function evaluation include clinical manifestation,hemodynamic momtoring and laboratory test of tissue oxygenation.Evaluation of cardiovascular function should combine all results from different methods and should be dynamically monitored with the development of septic shock.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke and the effect of serum lipoprotcin(a) [(Lp (a)] level on young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke between the ages of 18 to 55 were enrolled.Carotid artery ultrasonography was used to evaluate the degree of carotid artery atherosclerosis,and the concentrations of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,very low density lipoprotein cholesterol,apolipoprotein A1,apolipoprotein B and Lp(a) were detected.According to the results of carotid ultrasound,the patients were divided into groups of without atherosclerosis,plaque without stenosis,and carotid artery stenosis.The demographic and clinical features were compared among the 3 groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Results A total of 106 patients with ischemic stroke (n =50 in the without atherosclerosis group,n =44 in the plaque without stenosis group,n =12 in the carotid artery stenosis group) were enrolled in the study.The constituent ratios of age (45.98 ±7.12,50.07 ±4.79,and 50.92 ± 1.83 years,respectively; F =7.169,P =0.001),hypertension (26.0％,47.7％ and 58.3％,respectively; x2 =6.862,P =0.032),diabetes mellitus (22.0％,45.5％ and 66.7％,respectively; x2 =10.729,P =0.005),hyperlipidemia (24.0％,40.1％ and 75.0％,respectively; x2=11.372,P=0.003) and smoking (34.0％,61.4％ and 75.0％,respectively;x2 =10.93,P=0.006),as well as the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.03 ± 0.26,0.95 ± 0.26 and 0.76 ± 0.08 mmol/L,respectively; F=5.882,P =0.004) and Lp (a) (0.108 ± 0.044,0.155 ± 0.028 and 0.200 ± 0.011 g/L,respectively; F =41.556,P =0.000) levels had significant differences in the 3 groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ＞ 48 years (plaques without stenosis:odds ratio [OR] 2.89,95％ confidenee interval [CI] 1.20-6.96,P =0.018; carotid artery stenosis:OR 4.43,95％ CI 1.19-16.57,P =0.027),hypertension (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.60,95 ％ CI 1.09-6.18,P =0.031; carotid artery stenosis:OR 3.99,95％ CI 1.08-14.77,P =0.039),diabetes (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.96,95％ CI 1.21-7.23,P=0.018; carotid artery stenosis:OR 7.09,95％ CI 1.79-28.02,P =0.005),hyperlipidemia (plaque without stenosis:OR 2.19,95％ CI 0.91-5.31,P =0.082; carotid artery stenosis:OR 9.50,95％ CI 2.21-40.86,P =0.002),smoking (plaque without stenosis:OR 3.08,95％ CI 1.33-7.16,P =0.009; carotid artery stenosis:OR 5.82,95％ CI 1.39-24.38,P =0.016),and Lp (a) (plaque without stenosis:OR 4.38,95％ CI 1.76-10.90,P=0.001; carotid artery stenosis:OR 12.80,95％ CI 2.73-52.67,P =0.001) were the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.Conclusions Age,smoking hypertension,diabetes and Lp(a) were the independent risk factors for carotid artery atherosclerosis in young and middle-aged patients with ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND:To control blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids and inhibit the rennin-angiotensin system is the main idea focused on the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, but the curative effect is unsatisfactory. Hemodialysis and kidney transplantation are suitable for serious cases, however, which is restricted because of the limited source of kidneys and high cost. Regenerative medicine research based on stem cells brings a new hope for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the mechanism underlying different sources of stem cells for treatment of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical implications. METHODS:Papers addressing stem cells for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy were retrieved by computer in CNKI database and PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2013 with the key words“embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, diabetic nephropathyin Chinese and English. Papers published recently or in journals with high impact factor were selected. A total of 60 papers were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Embryonic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to differentiate into renal histiocytes. A large numbers of experimental studies have shown that stem cells transplantation has a positive effect on recovery of injured kidney. Stem celltransplantation can provide a novel therapy for diabetic nephropathy.

The liver is the most common site of distant metastasis of colorectal cancer. In order to study colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver, establishing and choosing appropriate mouse model is crucially im-portant. In this review, we mainly discuss the mouse models of colorectal cancer and liver metastases: Tumor fragments or cancer cells orthotopic transplant to eoloncecal part, injecting cancer cells into the spleen, portal injection of cancer cells, colorectal cancer implantation to the subcapsular of the liver.

Mechanical ventilation is an important life support method.Correct parameter adjustment of mechanical ventilation depends on assessment of Patient's respiratory and the effectiveness of mechanical venfilation.Blood gas monitoring is the most important way to assess the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation.Guidance of blood gas monitoring in parameter adjustment of mechanical venfilation is the key of successful mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has indicated that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells had immunological regulation and hematopoiesis role. There were significant differences in immunological regulation and hemopoietic function between patients with aplastic anemia and normal cases. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the in vitro biological characteristics and its immune regulation defects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with aplastic anemia.METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PUMMED (1987-2009) and VIP database (1989-2009) with the key words of "mesenchymal stem cell, bone marrow" in both Chinese and English. There were 55 articles in total. Articles which were related to biological characteristics and its immune regulation defects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were included; however, duplicated articles were excluded. Finally, 32 articles were included, containing 3 reviews in English, 23 original articles in English, and 6 original articles in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the capacities of high proliferation, self-renewal and multilineage differentiation; in addition they had the roles of supporting hematopoiesis, promoting implantation and hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells still had the effects of negative immune regulation and reducing the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Aplastic anemia correlated with hematopoietic stem cells in the pathogenesis of intrinsic defects in the proliferation or differentiation of hematopoietic microenvironment and immune system abnormalities and other related disorders. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells of patients with aplastic anemia played an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of application timing of carboporst tromethamine on postpartum hemor-rhage and hemodynamics of cesarean section women with centralplacenta previa. METHODS:Totally 138 parturient women with central placenta previa selected from our hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were divided into observation group and control group ac-cording to random number table,with 69 cases in each group. Both groups received cesarean section. Control group was given Car-boporst tromethamine injection 250 μg on uterine body after the delivery of placenta. Observation group was given Carboporst tro-methamine injection 250 μg on corpora uteri immediately after umbilical cord cutting. The operation duration,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss were observed in 2 groups. The preoperative and postoperative 24 h hemodynamic index,coagulation func-tion and corpora uteri were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:The operation duration of observation group was significantly shorter than control group;intraoperative blood loss and 24h blood loss of observation group were significantly less than control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in preoperative hemodynamic index and coagula-tion function index between 2 groups before surgery(P>0.05). 24 h after surgery,SBP,DBP,MAP,FIB and D-D of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while HR of them were increased significantly;the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR (15.94% vs. 13.04%) between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Carboporst tromethamine after omphalotomy via uterine body helps to shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative blood loss,maintain hemodynamic indexes stable and improve coagulation func-tion of cesarean section women with central placenta previa ,with good safety.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia disease in the clinical works,and endangers the public health seriously.With the development of AAD and ABL,we have made a great progress in AF's prevention and treatment.However,the literature and research about the non-disease causes of lone AF are very rare.So,the article will make a system review and summary about it,in order to instruct the lone AF's primary prevention.