Objective To study the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in patients with multiple sclerosis(MS).Methods As a total of 84 MS patients,the clinical and electrophysiological data were analyzed in 16 MS patients with the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy(PNMS group)and in 68 MS patients without peripheral neuropathy(NPNMS group).Results The incidence of peripheral neuropathy was 19.0%(16/84)in this group.The clinical symptoms included extremity numbness in 14 cases(87.5%),limb inertia in 12 cases(75.0%),and radicular pain in 4 cases(25.0%).Signs included decrease of tendon reflex in 15 cases(93.7%),periphery sensory disability in 13 cases(81.2%),and myatrophy in 5 cases(31.2%).The mean age in the PNMS group was(44.6?12.5)years vs.(32.2?11.5)years in the NPNMS group.The course of disease was(39.3?18.3)months vs.(31.6?17.2)months in the NPNMS group,there were significant differences in two groups(P

Objective To investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on motor function and on the expression, proliferation, migration and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) after cerebral ischemia.Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to induce a model of cerebral ischemia in 108 rats using the modified Zea-Longa method of intraluminal filament occlusion.They were then randomly divided into an FES group, a placebo stimulation group and a control group with 36 cases in each.Superficial FES electrodes were pasted on the paralyzed forelimbs of the rats in the first two groups, though FES treatment was administered only to the FES group beginning on the 3rd day after the MCAO operation.The stimulation was designed to produce extension of the wrist and digits of the paralyzed forelimb.Before, and after 1,3, 7 and 14 days of the treatment, the neurological deficit was evaluated using modified neurological severity scoring (mNSS).BrdU +/GFAP+, BrdU+/DCX+ and BrdU+/NeuN + cells in the SVZ were detected using immunofluorescence technique.Results After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the average motor function of the rats in the FES group had improved significantly when compared with the averages of the other two groups.Compared with the other two groups, the average number of BrdU +/GFAP+ positive cells in the ischemic SVZ was also significantly greater in the FES group after 7 and 14 days of treatment.After 14 days, BrdU +/Dcx + positive cells in the FES group had also increased significantly more,but only a few BrdU +/NeuN + cells had appeared in any of the three groups.Conclusion FES can improve motor function after cerebral ischemia, and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the SVZ.

Objective To observe the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) based on a normal walking pattern on the lower extremity function of subjects early after cerebral infarction.Methods Twenty patients with cerebral infarction aged (59.7 ± 10.1) years (range 45-80) who were hospitalized and within 3 months (31.1 ± 19.3 days) after the onset were randomly assigned to an FES group (n =11) or a placebo stimulation group (n =9).All subjects in both groups received standard medical and rehabilitation treatment.In addition,the FES group received FES and the placebo group received sham-FES without current output.The daily stimulation and shamstimulation sessions lasted for 30 min,5 d/week for 3 weeks.All of the subjects in the two groups were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),postural assessment for stroke patients (PASS),the Berg balance scale (BBS),functional ambulation categories (FACs) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results After 3 weeks of treatment,FMA,PASS,BBS and MBI scores had all improved significantly compared with before treatment in both groups,but the FES group showed significantly better improvement.After treatment the average FAC results of both groups had improved,and there was no significant difference between the two groups.At the same time,the research revealed the expected significant correlations among the FMA,PASS,BBS and MBI results.Conclusion FES based on a normal walking pattern can improve lower extremity motor function early after cerebral infarction,improve balance,and improve ability in the activities of daily living.

Objective: To investigate the health literacy and its influencing factors among residents in areas out of poverty in Kunming City, so as to provide insights into formulating health education strategies. Methods: A total of 1 916 permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were sampled in three areas out of poverty in Kunming City using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method from August to October, 2020. Health literacy was investigated using the Questionnaire on the Health Literacy among Chinese Residents, the level of health literacy was analyzed and weighted by the population of the China's Seventh National Population Census. Factors affecting health literacy among residents in areas out of poverty were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 1 916 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 908 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.58%. The respondents included 997 men (52.25%) and 911 women (47.75%), and had a mean age of (45.58±14.28) years. The level of health literacy was 21.38%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age (15 to 24 years, OR=5.087, 95%CI: 1.573-16.450; 25 to 34 years, OR=6.016, 95%CI: 1.991-18.183; 35 to 44 years, OR=7.526, 95%CI: 2.541-22.289; 45 to 54 years, OR=4.800, 95%CI: 1.640-14.050), educational level (junior high school, OR=5.333, 95%CI: 3.100-9.175; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=19.895, 95%CI: 10.418-37.966; college or above, OR=27.580, 95%CI: 12.349-61.597) as factors affecting health literacy among residents in areas out of poverty in Kunming City. Conclusion The level of health literacy is 21.38% among residents in areas out of poverty in Kunming City, and age and educational level are associated factors.

Objective To evaluate the significance of color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with the detection of bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Blood BMP-7 level was tested in 90 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 30 controls,and parameters of renal blood flow were measured by color Doppler ultrasound examination.Blood BMP-7 level as well as resistant index(RI)of segmental renal artery(SRA)and interlobar renal artery(IRA),were compared between these two groups.Results Compared with controls,blood BMP-7 level gradually decreased with the aggravation of diabetic kidney damage(P＜0.01).The peak systolic velocity(Vmax)and the end diastolic velocity(Vmin)of SRA and TRA were slowed gradually,while RI increased(P＜0.01).Blood BMP-7 level was negatively correlated with IRA's and SRA's RI of IRA and SRA(r =-0.603,P＜0.01;r =-0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with detection of BMP-7 might play an important role in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of echo-tracking(ET) technique in evaluating the carotid elasticity in patients with hyperuricemia and hyperuricemia combined with hyperlipidemia.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with hyperuricemia were divided into two group:group of hyperuricemia (group A) and group of hyperuricemia combined with hyperlipidemia (group B).Sixty normal persons were served as the control group.ET was used to measure the carotid artery elastic modulus including stiffness parameters (β),pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep),arterial compliance (AC),augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave conducting velocity (PWVβ).Then the statistical data were analyzed to observe the changes of each parameter.Results In the comparison of three groups,elastic function index β,Ep,PWVβ and AI in group A and group B were higher than those of control group (P ＜0.05) ;however,AC was lower than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group A,elastic function index β,Ep,PWVβ,AI was higher in group B,while the AC was lower than that of group B (P ＜0.05).Conclusions ET may be helpful to prevent atherosclerotic changes and to provide the basis for the clinical diagonosis and treatment atherosclerotic changes.

Objective To explore the value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ ) in the diagnosis of pancreas early damage of patients with hyperuricemia(HUA) .Methods Sixty‐five cases of patients with normal glucose tolerance and HUA (HUA group) and 42 cases of patients with HUA and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT group) were included in the study ,and other 150 health subjects were taken as control group .After routine ultrasound examination ,the pancreas shear wave velocity values (Vs) of different groups were measured by VTQ technology ,and the results were analyzed .Results Compared with the control group ,the rate of the abnormai ultrasonogram of pancreas in IGT group showed obvious increasing trend but there was no significantly difference between the other groups(both P >0 0.5) .The Vs of the normal control group ,HUA group ,and IGT group were (1 2.1 ± 0 1.5)m/s ,(1 4.1 ± 0 1.3)m/s and (1 5.9 ± 0 1.5)m/s ,respectively .The Vs of HUA group and IGT group were higher than that of the control group (both P <0 0.5) ,and the Vs of IGT group was significantly higher than that of HUA group ( P <0 0.5) .Conclusions Hyperuricemia may cause pancreas damage ,and with the disease progress ,the pancreas damage became more serious ,and VTQ technology may play an important role on the diagnosis of pancreas early damage in HUA patients .

Objective To explore the relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gastrointestinal problems. Methods 172 ASD children were investigated with self-made questionnaire from July, 2014 to Augest, 2015. The frequencies of motor behaviors, vocal behaviors and behavioral problems, and the intensity of the behavioral problems in the period with or without gastrointestinal symptoms were compared. Results The frequencies of motor behaviors (F=67.4, P<0.001), vocal behaviors (F=43.6, P<0.001) and behavioral prob-lems (F=79.4, P<0.001), and the intensity of the behavioral problems (F=65.7, P<0.001) were all more in the period with gastrointestinal symptoms than without gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion There are more behavioral problems in the ASD children with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms;while the behavioral symptoms may be a indicator of gastrointestinal problems in children with ASD.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods A retrospective cohort database study was conducted, involving 1 349 patients undergoing heart valve surgery with CPB technique.Logistic regression was used to screen out the risk factors of AKI after the surgery.Results Of the 1 349 patients, the incidence of AKI in valve surgery was 28.4%.One year older (OR=1.05, 95%CI 1.03-1.06, P<0.001), diabetes (OR=2.11, 95%CI 1.22-3.68, P=0.008), anemia (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.05-2.21, P=0.026), each additional basic serum creatinine of 1 mg/dl (OR=1.01, 95%CI 1.01-1.02, P=0.001), each additional operation time of 1 hour (OR=1.28, 95%CI 1.15-1.41, P<0.001), plasma transfusion during surgery (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.14-1.97, P=0.004) were the independent risk factors for AKI in multivariate logistic regression model.Conclusion AKI is a common and serious complication following cardiac valve surgery.More attention should be paid to the patients with elder age, anemia, prolonged operation time, diabetes, increased basic serum creatinine and requirement of plasma transfusion during surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological features in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yichang city, and put forward effective prevention and control measures. METHOD: Collecting the data of allergic rhinitis in city proper from 2010 to 2013, input the data into the database and used statistical analysis. RESULT: In recent years, the AR patients in this area increased year by year. The spring and the winter were the peak season of onset. The patients was constituted by young men. There was statistically significant difference between the age, the area,and the gender (P < 0.01). The history of allergy and the diseases related to the gender composition had statistical significance difference (P < 0.05). The allergens and the positive degree in gender, age structure had statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Need to conduct the healthy propaganda and education, optimizing the environment, change the bad habits, timely medical treatment, standard treatment.
Allergens ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; epidemiology ; Seasons