Objective To explore the application of reading education in cultivating nursing students' humanities in vocational college.Methods Nursing students were selected at random and divided into two groups,35 students in the experimental group and 50 in the control group.The students in the experimental group were given the 2-year related instruction through reading activities in the light of the principle enhance general humanities foundation in the first grade and strengthen humanistic features in the second grade.Nursing skill assessment and questionnaire oriented to humanities were used to test the educational effect.Results The result of nursing skill assessment in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.The score of humanities' moral,law,culture and aesthetic dimension and the total score of the experimental group were significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusions Well targeted reading is effective in the cultivation of nursing students' humanities.Meanwhile reading education can serve as an important and beneficial way to improve the cultivation mode of vocational college's nursing humanities.

Depth of invasion is a newly added index for TNM staging of oral cancer in the eighth edition. Preoperative evaluation of depth of invasion not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also serves as an independent prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastases. At present, the main methods for assessing the depth of invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma include ultrasound examination, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography (PET) and histopathological examination. This paper summarizes the evaluation method and clinical effect of depth of invasion of tongue cancer, and analyzes its advantages and boundedness. In addition, this study is expected to provide a reference for the surgical treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

An improved and practical synthesis of racemic 11-demethylcalanolide A [(±)-1] was developed. This improved process involved Pechmann reaction on phloroglucinol with ethyl butyrylacetate to give 5, 7,-dihydroxy-4-n-propylcoumarin(3). Poly phosphoric acid (PPA) catalyzed acylation of compound(3) with crotonic acid, then intramolecular cyclization was achieved simultaneously in one step to afford the key intermediate chromanone(4). A microwave assisted synthetic method preparing chromene(6) using chromenynation of chromanone(4) with 1, 1-diethoxy-methyl-2-butene was conducted. Luche reduction of chromene(6) using NaBH<,4> with CeCl3·7H2O preferably gave (±)-1. The overall yield of this four step synthesis of (±)-1 was around 32% increasing one fold more than that of the previous method. An in vitro investigation showed that (±)-1 exhibited inhibitory activities against both wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 in HIV-1 RT and cell culture assay, and significant synergistic effects in combination with AZT, T-20, and indinavir. Its LD50 of acute toxicity in mice by intragastric administration and by intraperitoneal injection were 735.65mg·kg-1 and 525.10mg·kg-1, respectively. The C<,max> and AUC<,0-∞> were 0.54μg·mL-1 and 1.08(μg·mL-1)·h, respectively. The dynamics study of the inhibition of mice sera on HIV-1 RT showed that mice treated with 100mg·kg-1 (±)-1 once intraperitoneally were similar to that of 5mg·kg-1 of known clinical effective anti-HIV-1 drug neverapine. The results suggested that further investigation of the anti-HIV candidate (±)-1 was warranted.

The depth of invasion is a new index in the 8th edition of TNM classification and staging of oral cancer. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation method for the diagnosis of bone invasion and depth of invasion in lower gingival squamous cell carcinoma (LGSCC). The evaluation of LGSCC bone invasion depth not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also determines the choice of surgical method, and is an independent prognostic factor for predicting cervical lymphatic metastasis. At present, the main evaluation methods of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth include X-ray, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography(PET)/CT, PET/MRI, singlephoton emission CT(SPECT)/CT and pathological examination. In this paper, the evaluation methods and effects of LGSCC bone invasion and invasion depth are summarized, and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in order to provide reference for clinical application.

In view of the surgical complexity of parapharyngeal space tumors involved, this paper summarized the disease data of patients with parapharyngeal space tumors involved in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2015 to January 2021. It also summarized the surgical approach and mandibular management, so as to explore surgical strategies for different characteristics of parapharyngeal space tumors involved. A total of 49 patients, including 28 males and 21 females, median age 52 years (range 24-72 years). They were treated with four surgical approaches for tumor resection, 25 cervical approach, 5 cheek and neck approach, 3 transoral approach, and 16 cervical-maxillary approach. Among the patients treated with cervical-maxillary approach, 3 patients were treated with mandible square resection, and 6 patients were treated with temporary mandible dissection. Seven cases were treated with tumor resection and partial mandibular resection. There are various surgical approaches and mandibular management methods involving tumors in the parapharyngeal space, and clinical decisions should be made based on tumor diameter, location, boundary, blood supply and pathological types.

Depth of invasion is a newly added index for TNM staging of oral cancer in the eighth edition. Preoperative evaluation of depth of invasion not only provides a reference for surgical margin, but also serves as an independent prognostic factor for predicting lymph node metastases. At present, the main methods for assessing the depth of invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma include ultrasound examination, MRI, CT, positron emission tomography (PET) and histopathological examination. This paper summarizes the evaluation method and clinical effect of depth of invasion of tongue cancer, and analyzes its advantages and boundedness. In addition, this study is expected to provide a reference for the surgical treatment of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment of cheek mass caused by hyaluronic acid injection. Methods: From March 2014 to December 2018, data from 5 patients with cheek masses caused by cosmetic fillings admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were collected, and their clinical, imaging, surgical and pathological features were summarized. Results: All 5 patients were young females with a history of facial hyaluronic acid filling injection. Their clinical features were buccal and facial nodular masses, all of which were treated with surgery. The pathological report was fibrous adipose tissue with fat necrosis, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the interstitium. After the operation, the face shape was basically symmetrical, and there were no symptoms such as infection, limited mouth opening or facial paralysis. Conclusion The injection of facial hyaluronic acid may cause complications of nodular masses in the cheek, and intraoral resection is an effective treatment with good prognosis.

Objective: To examine the outcome of surgical treatment in patients with stages Ⅱ-Ⅲ bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw were examined. The patients were followed up for more than 6 months, and the treatment outcome was reviewed. Results: After curettage of local lesions, 19 out of the 21 patients were cured, and 2 were relieved of symptoms. Six patients underwent subtotal resection of the maxilla, and the symptoms disappeared completely after the surgery. Two patients underwent partial resection of the mandible and recovered. Conclusion Surgical debridement is an effective measure for the treatment of patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in stages Ⅱ-Ⅲ. In most cases, curettage of local lesions via the intraoral approach can completely remove sequestrum and inflammatory granulomatous tissue. Subtotal maxillary resection or partial mandible resection is performed when the bone death reaches the level of the maxillary sinus floor or continues to the mandible. By timely surgical intervention, the bone lesion is removed to maintain the sterile, active bone microenvironment locally.

Objective To find out if there is any difference in intercondylar fossa width and notch width index (NWI) between tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the patients who had sought medical attention at Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery,Drum Tower Hospital from June 2014 to May 2018.There were 10 patients with tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture (4 males and 6 females with an average age of 32.7 ± 9.2 years),13 patients with ACL injury (8 males and 5 females with an average age of 31.8 ± 10.9 years) and 22 patients with simple meniscus injury as controls (13 males and 9 females with an average age of 30.9 ± 10.6 years).They all had MRI examination of the knee before surgery.The width of intercondylar fossa and the width and height of bilateral femoral condyles were measured on high resolution images of MRI axial view.NWI was calculated.The 3 groups were compared in intercondylar fossa width and NWI.Results The 3 groups of patients were comparable because there were no significant differences in gender,age,height,weight or BMI between them (P ＞ 0.05).The intercondylar fossa width in the ACL injury group (17.4 ± 3.5 mm) was significantly smaller than that in the avulsion fracture group (20.8 ± 1.1 mm) or in the control group (20.2 ±2.6 mm) (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was detected between the avulsion fracture group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).NWI in the avulsion fracture group (0.301 ±0.011) was similar to that in the control group (0.280 ±0.039) (P ＞ 0.05) but significantly higher than that in the ACL injury group (0.25 ± 0.05) (P ＜ 0.05).NWI in the ACL injury group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intercondylar notch stenosis may be a risk factor for ACL injury but may not be associated with tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture.The difference in pathogenesis between tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture and ACL injury may be associated with their difference in NWI.

Objective To explore the rules of acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in the treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy(DPN)with data mining technology.Methods The clinical research literature of Tuina for DPN from October 2022 was selected by searching four Chinese databases that CNKI,WanFang,VIP and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Using the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistance platform software,analyze and summarize the rules of selecting acupoints and applying manipulations in the treatment of DPN with Tuina.Results A total of 110 articles were included,including 65 acupoints and 33 manipulations.The acupoints with the highest frequency are Zusanli(ST 36),Sanyinjiao(SP 6),Taixi(KI 3),Yongquan(KI 1),Taichong(LR 3),Yanglingquan(GB 34),etc.The meridians mainly include Taiyin Spleen Meridian of Foot,Yangming Stomach Meridian of Foot,Taiyang Bladder Meridian of Foot and Shaoyin Kidney Meridian of Foot.Five-shu Points,Lower He-sea Points and Yuan-primary Points are commonly used specific points.The acupoints are mostly distributed in the lower limbs.The categories of Tuina manipulations mainly include squeezing-pressing manipulations,pushing rolling manipulations and composite manipulations.The Tuina manipulations mainly include kneading manipulation,pressing manipulation,point-pressing manipulation,pressing-kneading manipulation and twisting manipulation with both palms.Conclusion The acupoint selection and manipulation application of Tuina in treating DPN have certain rules,and the main treatment principles are to regulate the organs and dredge collaterals,and to replenish qi and promote blood circulation,which can provide objective basis for clinical treatment.