Objective To study the related factors and how they influence the formation of collateral circulation in patients with severe coronary arteries stenosis. Methods A total of 111 consecutive patients were catagorized into 3 groups according to their grading of collateral connections which were: CC0 (n=27), CC1 (n=45) and CC2 (n=39) respectively. Serum lipid levels were measured including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein. All patients received UCG examination within one week after admission. Results (1)Serum lipid levels: the total cholestoral level in the CC2 group (4.23?0.71 mmol/) was lower than those of the CC0 group (4.81?0.88 mmol/L, P0.05) and the CC2 group (1.40?0.24 mmol/L, P

Mental health has emerged an outstanding problem in public health and a social problem as welL Early warning and intervention mechanism for mental health of community residents serves an effective mechanism to combat mental problems for such a population. Recommendation: Emphasize and build mental health service institutions in communities, and improve their functionality, establish an effective early warning and intervention mechanism for community mental health services in communities, enhance health education, health promotion and mental health knowledge education, and carry out the tertiary prevention and tertiary functionality principles for mental health. These measures can prevent community residents from mental illness, improve their mental health, and promote the development of mental health services in Chinas communities.

Objective To explore the relationship between responsibility and social adaptation of the left-behind middle school students and to provide evidence for mental health education of left-behind children.Methods 290 left-behind middle school students were selected by cluster-random-sampling.All of them were assessed by the middle school students' social adaptability scale (SAS-SSS),the inventory of parent and peer attachment (IPPA) and the scale of high school students' responsibility.Results The correlation between responsibility,attachment behavior and social adaptation of left-behind middle school students were significant(r=0.39,r=0.56,P＜0.01).There were significant differences between gender on the responsibility(male(202.64±26.78) vs female(212.67±23.24)).Regression analysis showed that mother attachment,overall responsibility,general responsibility and special fault responsibility could predict the social adaptation(P＜0.05).Responsibility and its factors played a mediating role between attachment and adaptation,taking 52.1％,20.1％,30.8％,9.1％,47.9％,40.7％ proportion of the total effect.Conclusion Responsibility is an important factor affecting the social adaptation of left-behind middle school students.

AIM:To explore the distance from the labrale superius and inferius of the soft tissue profile in early permanent dentition with normal occlusion to the esthetic line (E line) and the proportion among each section of E plane. METHODS: Thirty Han teenagers with normal occlusion including 15 males and 15 females with the average age of 11.5 years were selected from January 2000 to December 2005. They were examined cephalometrially to measure the distance between labrale superius (Ls) and E, labrale inferius (Li) and E, and the mean values and standard deviation of prenasale (Prn)-Ls/distance between Prn and pogonion (Pg') of soft tissue, Ls-Li/distance between Prn and Pg' and Li-Pg'/distance between Prn and Pg'. RESULTS: ①Distance of Ls-E and Li-E: Ls-E and Li-E of normal occlusion were (0.083 3?0.920 8) mm and (0.621 7?1.124 6) mm. ②Proportion of each segment to the distance of Prn and Pg': Prn-Ls/Prn-Pg', Ls-Li/Prn-Pg' and Li-Pg'/Prn-Pg' were 0.413 8?0.022 3, 0.200 9?0.023 1, 0.385 7?0.022 8, respectively. CONCLUSION: E plane analysis is a convenient and effective method in the diagnosis of soft tissue in clinic. The Ls and Li are exactly on the E plane in normal occlusion and the ratio of three sections is 2∶1∶2.

BACKGROUND: Oxidation injury can lead to the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Some researches have found that body supplement of vitamin C is beneficial to inhibit oxidation injury by increasing the level of vitamin C in aqueous humor.OBJECTIVE: To observe the inhibitive effect of vitamin C on H2O2 induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cell.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial taking animal's lens as subject.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: 120 adult New Zealand rabbits of both genders, weighing 3-5 kg, were selected. Vitamin C and 300 g/L H2O2 were purchased from Shanghai Guangda Chemical Reagent Factory.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University from January 2002 to January 2004. ①Culture of lens: 240 lenses were isolat ed from 120 rabbits after being killed. Among them, 192 clear lenses were selected and divided randomly to three groups with 64 lenses in each group: control group, H2O2 group and H2O2+vitamin C group. Lenses in the control group were incubated in non-serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium, those in the H2O2 group incubated in non serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 (62 μL of 30 g/L H2O2 was added into the medium every 6 hours to keep H2O2 level maintain 1 mmol/L in the medium), and those in the H2O2+vitamin C group incubated in non-serum and non- phenolsulfonphthalein MEM medium containing 1 mmol/L H2O2 and 1 mmol/L vitamin C. Under the same culture condition, the lenses in each group were detected at hours 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 108 after culture, respectively. ②Measurement of the opacity of lens: Under the white background, two black lines 0.5 mm in width, which were mutually vertical with an interval of 10 mm. The lenses were placed above the crossing to measure the opacity. ③Detecting the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells:The apoptosis of lens epithelial cells was examined using TUNEL method and DNA fragmentation assay under light microscope to calculate the apoptotic rate of epithelial cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Opacity of the lenses in each group;②apoptotic rate of lens epithelial cells in each group.RESULTS: ①After 108 hours of culture, the opacity of the lenses in the H2O2+vitamin C group was obviously lower than that in the H2O2 group. ②The apoptotic rates in the control group were lower that those in the H2O2group at different time point and those in the H2O2+vitamin C groupat hours 24, 48 and 72 after culture(P＜0.05-0.01). The apoptotic rates in the H2O2+vitamin C group were significantly lower than those in the H2O2group at different time points after culture (P＜0.01). ③The findings of DNA fragment analysis showed that the DNA "ladder" was found in the H2O2 group during 24-72 hours, while no DNA "ladder" but only normal electrophoresis strap were present in the other two groups 24 hours after culture.CONCLUSION: Lens can take refuge from the oxidative injury of H2O2with the addition of vitamin C. As a result, the apoptosis rate of lens epithelial cells and further, cataract formation can be restrained.

Objective To evaluate the interference of 13 kinds of β‐lactam antibiotics in fructosamine detection .Methods A se‐ries of solution of antimicrobial drugs were formulated with water for injection ,and added into the mixture fresh serum volume by 5% .Interfere with antimicrobial drugs on the test results of fructosamine were evaluated .Results When the blood concentrations of cefathiamidine and ticarcillin sodium/clavulanate potassium were up to 37 .5 mg/L and 247 .5 μg/mL respectively ,they began to produce positive interference on fructosamine detection .However ,the degree of interference was not correlated to the serum concen‐tration of fructosamine .Conclusion Cephathiamidine and ticarcillin sodium/clavulanate potassium have positive interference on fructosamine detection .

Objective To study the pathological,ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of kidney oncocytoma (RO). Methods The clinical and histological features of 13 patients (5 men and 8 women;mean age,58 years,age 44 -78 years) with RO were observed.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues with a panel of antibodies including vimentin,EMA,ckpan,CK7,CK18,E-cadherin,CD10,RCC,CD117,34βE12,HMB45,s-100 and Ki-67.Of the 13 cases,10were found incidentally during a health examination while the other three cases presented with lumbago and discomfort of the lumber.Four cases were analyzed by electron microscopy.Eleven were treated with radical nephrectomy and 2 with partial nephrectomy. Results Histologically,the tumor cells were mainly arranged in closely packed nests,aciniform or tubule with an occasional microcystic pattern in loose edematous hypocellular fibrous stroma.Tumor cells had moderate to abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm with a small,round and uniform nucleus containing finely and evenly dispersed chromati.However,focal nuclear atypia were observed with no mitotic activity.Immunohistochemically,all cases were diffusely positive for CK18 and showed variable immunoreactivity for E-cadherin,CD117,CD10 and CK7.Twelve cases were positive for EMA. All cases were negative for vimentin,34βE12,HMB45 and s-100.The proliferative index (Ki-67) was very low in all cases,with less than 1％ of the nuclei labeled.Electronic microscopy showed the cytoplasm had abundant mitochondria with lamellar cristae.Follow-up on 10 patients ( range from 2 to 67months) showed no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Tumor cells arranged in nests with loose hypocellu]ar and edematous stroma is the most important histological feature of RO.The immunohistochemical features could be helpful for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

To investigate whether the Bcl-2 gene family is involved in modulating mechanism of apoptosis and change of cell cycle protein induced by curcumin in acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cell line and primary acute myelogenous leukemic cells, the Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1, Bax and Bak and cell cycle proteins including P27kipl, P21wafl, cyclin D3 and pRbp- were selected and their expression detected by SABC immuno-histochemical stain method. The attitude of sub-G1 peak in DNA histogram was determined by FCM. The TUNEL positive cell percentage was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated Biotin dUNP end labeling technique. It was found that when HL-60 cells were treated with 25 mumol/L curcumin for 24 h, the expression level of Mcl-1 was down-regulated, but that of Bax and Bak up-regulated time-dependently. There was significant difference in the expression level of Mcl-1, Bax and Bak between the curcumin-treated groups and control group (P < 0.05-0.01). At the same time, curcumin had no effect on progress of cell cycle in primaty acute myelogenous leukemia at newly diagnosis, but could increase the peak of Sub-G1 (P < 0.05), and down-regulate the expression of Mcl-1 and up-regulate the expression of Bax and Bak with the difference being statistically significant. The expression of P27kipl, P21wafl and pRbp- were elevated and that of cyclin D3 decreased in the presence of curcumin. These findings suggested that the Bcl-2 gene family indeed participated in the regulatory process of apoptosis induced by curcumin in HL-60 cells and AML cells. Curcumin can induce apoptosis of primary acute myelogenous leukemic cells and disturb cell cycle progression of HL-60 cells. The mechanism appeared to be mediated by perturbing G0/G1 phases checkpoints which associated with up-regulation of P27kipl, P21wafl and pRbp- expression, and down-regulation of cyclin D3.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Curcumin/*pharmacology ; Genes, bcl-2/genetics ; HL-60 Cells ; Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/pathology ; Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

Objective To describe and analyze the distribution of medical expenditure of Liaoning province in 2014 in terms of population beneficiary based on the System of Health Accounts 2011(SHA 2011).Methods By means of multistage and stratified sampling, a total of 252 medical institutions were selected from four cities in Liaoning province according to their economic status and geographical distribution.Macro data including the outpatient income and hospitalization income were taken into account, to calculate the beneficiary population of the province in 2014 according to SHA2011.Results GBD classification found that the highest medical expenditure category was non-communicable diseases, accounting for 63.02% in total medical expenditure.ICD classification found that respiratory disease as consuming the highest medical expenses (43.76%).The average medical expenditure of the elderly population was the highest per person, up to 3 041.70 yuan per person.Conclusions Medical expenses of non-communicable diseases, respiratory disease and elderly population were still high.Thus we need to emphasize disease prevention, and take efficient measures against such key diseases to curb the medical expenses.The elderly population calls for specific and effective measures to reduce their medical expenses.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed the presence of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine
monophosphate signaling pathway in Streptococcus mutans, which construct the streptococcus mutans gcp gene knockout strains.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the gene expression differences between Streptococcus mutans wild strains and gcp mutant strains, and to screen the biofilm-related genes from them for the fol ow-up study.
METHODS:The total RNA of two kinds of strains were extracted and stained with cy3 and cy5 respectively after reverse transcription. The gene chip was scanned after hybridization and the differential gene were obtained
through the data analysis. The different expression genes were verified by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Differential genes were mainly relative about glucose metabolism and biofilm formation. We selected two genes for real-time PCR verification. The PCR results were consistent with the
microarray results. After Streptococcus mutans gcp gene knockout, the gene expressions of gcp mutant strains were upregulated and the gene expressions of phosphotransferase system were downregulated, this result
suggested that two different genes were related with the c-di-GMP signal pathway downstream.