In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in treatment options for patients with esophageal cancer. While surgery remains to be the primary treatment, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, both preoperatively and postoperatively, have become more important in the multidisciplinary treatment of resectable esophageal cancer. Definitive concomitant chemo-radiotherapy may replace surgery as the primary treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. Cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil remains the backbone regimen for neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. Intense researches are underway to investigate new cytotoxic drugs such as taxanes and topoisomerase inhibitor, and new regimens for perioperative treatment of resectable esophageal cancer.

Cisplatin in combination with fluorouracil still is considered as the basic therapeutic scheme for advanced esophageal cancer. New cytotoxic drugs, such as taxanes and topoisomerase inhibitor etc, and new regimens are focus researches for medical treatment. Intravenous fluorouracil can be replaced by oral fluorouracil derivative, and cisplatin can be replaced by oxaliplatin in the regimens of contained cisplatin and fluorouracil for advanced esophageal cancer. Patients with advanced esophageal cancer are now offered seconded line treatment, and the number of research protocols is increasing. Molecule targeted therapy as a promising treatment will provide more and better options for patients.

Objective To observe the value of epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flap in laryngeal function reconstruction after partial laryngectomy.Methods Seven cases of subtotal laryngectomy were reviewed for analysis.The choice of surgical procedure was decided on pathologic conditions,the laryngeal function was reconstructed using epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flap.Results All patients rehabilitated deglutition in 10 to 12 days after surgery.None presented complication of aspiration.Conclusion The epiglottis and sternohyoid myofascial flaps are appropriate for reconstruction of surgical defect in laryngeal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of C1orf63 in breast cancer.Methods Sixty-seven breast cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected,and the expression of C1orf63 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationships between C1orf63 and clinical pathological characteristics were examined withx2 test.Independent prognostic factors were performed by theCox regression model.Results Positive cytoplasmic expression of C1orf63 was observed in 21 (31.3％) of 67 primary tumors,but not in their matched adjacent non-cancerous tissues,with significant difference (x2 =24.90,P ＜ 0.01).There were no relationships between C1orf63 and age (x2 =0.06,P =0.79),T stage (x2 =0.50,P =0.47),N stage (x2 =1.41,P =0.23),TNM stage (x2 =0.29,P =0.58),estrogen receptor (x2=0.82,P =0.36),progesterone receptor (x2=0.31,P =0.57),and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) expression (x2 =0.00,P =0.98).Multivariate analysis demonstrated N stage (HR =4.96,95％CI:2.03-12.15,P＜0.01) and C1orf63 (HR=2.37,95％CI:1.05-5.37,P=0.04) were unfavorable prognostic factors.Conclusion The high expression of C1orf63 in breast cancer may indicate poor prognosis.

Bisphosphonates are commonly used in patients with breast cancer to reduce skeletal-related events in metastatic disease,mitigate bone loss,and increase bone mineral density.Bisphosphonates can decrease and cleare disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow and circulation tumor cells and then prevent breast cancer relapse and metastases.Bisphosphonates can lighten tumor burden in the breast when administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy,and improve pathology complete remission rates.Inconsistence is observed in large trials using bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer,but survival improvement is mostly seen in postmenopausal patients with low levels of estrogens.

In recent years,mTOR inhibitors such as temsirolimus and everolimus are considered to be effective as a new generation of anti-tumor agent.Their efficacies are proven by a number of clinical trials especially in the field of overcoming the drug resistance of tumor cells.But the optimal combination regimen of the mTOR inhibitors and other anti-tumor drugs is still to be validated.

Medical therapy is the primary choice for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer.Gemcitabine has been proved to be one of the most effective drugs and a standard regimen has been made when combined with cisplatin.Studies of the second line therapy is few.Targeted therapy has a potential to create a new era in the future but needs to be validated in large clinical trials.

It is the functional connectivity between motor cortex and muscle that directly relates to the rehabilitation of the dysfunction in upper limbs and neuromuscular activity status, which can be detected by electroencephalogram-electromyography (EEG-EMG) coherence analysis. In this study, based on coherence analysis method, we process the acquisition signals which consist of 9 channel EEG signal from motor cortex and 4 channel EMG signal from forearm, by using 4 groups of hand motions in the healthy subjects, including flexor digitorum, extensor digitorum, wrist flexion, and wrist extension. The results showed that in the β-band, the coherence coefficients between C3 and flexor digitorum (FD) was greater than extensor digitorum (ED) in the right hand flexor digitorum movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and ED was greater than FD in the right hand extensor digitorum movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was greater than extensor carpi radialis (ECR) in the right hand wrist flexion movement; the coherence coefficients between C3 and ECR was greater than FCU in the right hand wrist extension movement. This analysis provides experimental basis to explore the information decoding of hand motion based on corticomuscular coherence (CMC).
Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Motor Cortex ; physiology ; Movement ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist ; physiology ; Wrist Joint ; physiology

Objective To study the synchronization of electroencephalogram (EEG) in the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Sixteen-channel EEG was recorded under resting, eyes-closed condition in 8 AD patients and 8 control subjects. After data preprocessing, the synchronization likelihood was measured between pairs of EEG channels for the full band,δband (0.5-4 Hz),θband (4-8 Hz),αband (8-13 Hz) andβband (13-30 Hz) in the AD and control groups. Mean synchronization likelihood values of each frequency band were compared between the two groups. Results At the full band,θband andαband, the mean synchronization likelihood values of the AD group were lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the two groups at theδandβbands (P>0.05). Conclusions The EEG synchronization of AD patients decreases at the full band,θandαbands, suggesting that collaborative information processing ability atθandαbands reduces between different brain regions in the AD patients. The research provides support for further study of the brain functional connectivity characteristics in the AD patients.

Anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic agents were extensively applied to the treatment of breast cancer. The relation of its response to TOP2A gene was proved by a number of clinical studies demonstrating that patients with both HER2 gene amplification and TOP2A gene aberration have a favored outcome,but a consensus was not yet achieved.