OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of asiatico?side on bleomycin-induced rat interstitial pulmonary fibrosis(IPF). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats were divided into normal control group,bleomycin 5 mg·kg-1 model group and asiaticoside 50 mg · kg-1 group. The model and asiaticoside group were administrated with bleomycin 5 mg · kg-1 to induce IPF,while the asiaticoside group was administrated with asiaticoside 50 mg·kg-1 by gastric perfusion. Hematein eosin(HE)and Masson staining were carried out to analyze the histopathological changes in the lung. Lung homogenates were used to examine hydroxyproline(HYP) content,and serum samples were used to measure the concentration of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). In addition,immunohistochemical methods were used to locate lung transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)and adenosine 2A receptor(A2AR)expression,and Western blotting was used to examine the expression levels of TGF-β1 and A2AR. RESULTS On the 7th,14th and 28th days,the scores of pulmonary inflammation were higher in model group than in control group (P<0.01),and the asiaticoside group showed mitigated alveolitis(P<0.01,P<0.05) compared with model group. Compared with control group,the scores of pulmonary fibrosis in model group were elevated(P<0.01),and the asiaticoside group showed reduced pulmonary fibrosis(P<0.05). On the 14th and 28th days,HYP content in the model group〔1.85±0.10,(2.48±0.18)mg·g-1〕was higher than in the control group〔0.79 ± 0.07,(0.84 ± 0.08)mg · g-1〕(P<0.01),but HYP content in the asiaticoside group〔1.32±0.131,(1.71±0.13)mg·g-1〕was lower than in the model group(P<0.05). IL-4 and TNF-αin the asiaticoside group were lower than in model group(P<0.05),but were higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.01,P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-β1 protein in the asiaticoside group was lower than in the model group(P<0.05),but was higher in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05). The expression level of A2AR protein in the asiaticoside group was higher than in the model group(P<0.05),but was lower in the model group than in the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Asiaticoside can mitigate bleomycin-induced IPF by inhibiting the expression of IL-4, TNF-αand TGF-β1,and raising the level of A2AR.

Objective To explore the relationship between content of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in atmospheric and the number of emergency room (ER) visits with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Daily data of ER visits to Peking University Third Hospital for ACS was collected from December 1st,2013 to November 30th,2014.All patients were resident population of Haidian District,Beijing.The daily meteorological data and contents of air pollutants in Beijing were also collected in the same time period.Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was fitted to estimate the association between the ambient PM2.5 and the ER visits for ACS,under controlling for time trends,holiday effect,day of week effect and weather conditions.Results The annual average amount of PM2.5 was 85.44 μg/m3 over the study period.There were 619 cases with ACS as ER visits.PM2.5 was positive related with PM10,NO2 and SO2.The corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.87,0.48 and 0.67,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).But PM2.5 was negative related with mean temperature (r =-0.04,P ＜ 0.05).In the polluted model,there was positive association between PM2.5 and ER visits with ACS.When each increament in PM2.2 with 10 μg/m3,the relative risk strength of ER visits with ACS was 1.019 (95％ CI:1.000-1.038).PM2.5 concentrations had a delayed effect on the onset of ACS occurred on the next day.This lagged 1 day phenomenon showed the most significant influence of PM2.5 on ER visits for ACS.Conclusions The ambient concentrations of PM2.5 are positively associated with ER visits for ACS.And there is a lag effect.

AIM:To establish an HPLC method for determining cinnamaldehyde,costunolide and dehydrocostuslactone in the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of Cinnamomum cassia and Aucklandia lapp.METHODS:The assay was performed on an Agilent HC-C_(18)(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column by UV detector at the wavelength of 210 nm with acetonitrile-water(gradient elutio)as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and the column temperature was 30℃.RESULTS:There were good relationships between peak area and sample size of cinnamaldehyde in the range of 148.5-1 732.5 ng,between peak area and sample size of costunolide in the range of 69.42-809.9 ng,and between peak area and sample size of dehydrocostuslactone in the range of 70.32 to 820.4 ng.Average recoveries of them were in turn 99.65%(RSD 0.72%)-99.57%(RSD 1.28%),and 98.90%(RSD 0.81%),respectively.CONCLUSION:The present method is convenient,sensitive and accurate with good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of the supercritical CO_2 extract of Cinnamomum cassia and Aucklandia lapp.

Objective To investigate the influence of preemptive analgesia with Hydr- omorphone Hy-drochloride on postoperative cognitive function and inflammation cytokines in the elderly patients. Methods Ninety ASA I orⅡ elder patients were randomly divided in control group (C)and Hydromorphone Hydrochloride group(H) with 45 cases each. Hydromorphone Hydrochloride 2 mg was injected iv before induction of anesthesia in group H. Observed plasma concentrations of the CRP、 TNF-α and IL-6 at different time. Cognitive function was assessed by minimental state examination. Results Plasma the CRP、 TNF-a and IL-6 concentrations were lower and MMSE scales were higher in group H than in group C. Conclusion Preemptive analgesia with Hy-dromorphone Hydrochloride 2 mg can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patients.

Objective: To use vertical and humidity correcting method to calibrate aerosol optical depth (AOD), and to explore the feasibility of calibrated-AOD as exposure index to measure the level of air pollutants from the ground and to establish the exposure-response relationship between calibrated-AOD and people's health outcomes.Methods: First of all, we interpolated AOD, PM2.5, relative humidity and planetary boundary layer height using Kriging method to obtain data at different locations and matched different data with respiratory death in Beijing by geographical coordinates.Then, the planetary boundary layer height and aerosol hygroscopic growth factor calculated based on relative humidity was used to calbrate the AOD.To compare the effects of calibrated-AOD and PM2.5, we used standardization method to get non dimensionless calibrated-AOD and PM2.5.At last, we used the generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) to estimate the acute effects of calibrated-AOD and PM2.5 on respiratory death and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) death, after controlling the time trend, temperature and humidity effects, days of the week effect and holiday effects.Results: The correlation coefficient between calibrated-AOD and PM2.5 was 0.72.The effects of calibrated-AOD on respiratory death and COPD death was the strongest at lag 0-3, one unit of calibrated-AOD increases was associated with 3.64% (95%CI: 0.58%-6.78%) increase of respiratory death and 4.92% (95%CI: 1.81%-8.14%) increase of COPD death.As for PM2.5, the strongest effects appeared at lag 0-1, one unit of PM2.5 (about 155 μg/m3) increases was associated with excess risks of 3.96% (95%CI: 0.82%-7.19%) and 6.12% (95%CI: 1.44%-11.02%) for respiratory death and COPD death respectively.Compared with PM2.5, the effects of calibrated-AOD on respiratory death and COPD death had narrower confidence intervals.The calibrated-AOD was sensitive to capture the lag effects, and the cumulative lag effects of calibrated-AOD were all significant on multiple lag days which indicated that the calibrated-AOD was sensitive to capture cumulative lag effects of air pollutants on respiratory death and COPD death as well.Conclusion: We believe that calibrated-AOD can be used as an index to reflect the effects of air pollutants on respiratory death in Beijing.In the absence of ground monitoring, calibrated-AOD can be used to mea-sure the relationship between air pollutants and some health outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Currently, the enzymatic digestion combined with magnetic activated cel sorting for isolating microvascular endothelial cel s are cumbersome and do harm to cel s. Therefore, how to simplify the isolation and culture of human dermal microvascular endothelial cel s to obtain highly purified endothelial cel s in vitro becomes a hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To explore a simple and effective cultivation method of microvascular endothelial cel s from diabetic patient skins in vitro, and to detect the cel growth.
METHODS:Diabetic patients with chronic foot wounds after amputation were enrol ed to col ect the limb proximal skin and topical skin around the wound superficial dermal tissue. Human dermal microvascular endothelial cel s were obtained using adherent method and trypsin method, fol oewd by purified utilizing trypsin digestion and repeated attachment method when passage culture.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were obtained successfully, Primary cultured endothelial cells completely adhered to the wall at 24 hours, entered the logarithmic phase at the 10th day, and the cell concentration reached 80%at the 12th-13th day. While the passage cells grew more actively than primary cells, and fully covered the bottom in a“cobblestone”arrangement after 5-7 days of culture. Immunohistochemical staining showed that cultured cells were positive for FVIII and CD31-associated antigens with 100%positive rate. MTT assay showed that cell growth curves of 2, 4, and 5 generations of dermal microvascular endothelial presented the invertedSshape. These results suggest that abundant highly purified human dermal microvascular endothelial cells can be obtained through the adherent method and a small amount of short-term trypsin method.

Purpose To compare pharmacokineics of puerarin and crude extract in rats.Methods Rats received 500 mg/kg puerarin and puerarin crude extract by oral administration respectively.Hydroxybenzoic acid was selected as internal standard and the plasma concentration of the puerarin and crude extract was analyzed by HPLC.The pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated with DAS2.0.Results The pharmacokinetics of puerarin and puerarin crude extract was both best fitted with two-compartment models in rats after oral administration,and the pharmacokinetics main parameters of the two formulations were different:the AUC_(0-t) and C_(max) of puerarin were much greater than those of puerarin crude extract,but T_(max),t_(1/(2z)),CL/F and V_z/F were much lesser than those of puerarin crude extract.Conclusion The complex components in pueraria crude extract can affect the pharmacokinetics of puerarin in rat in vivo.

Objective To investigate the association between concentrations of environmental air pollutants and the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria in Beijing. Methods Time series analysis in combination with distributed lag non?linear model(DLNM)and Spearman′s rank correlation test was used to analyze the association between PM2.5 concentrations and the daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria. All effect estimates were expressed as a risk ratio(RR)for the daily number of outpatient visits with an interquartile range(IQR)increase of 82.8 μg/m3 in PM2.5. Results From January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014, the daily average PM2.5 concentration, temperature, relative humidity and number of visits for urticaria were 89.3 μg/m3, 12.7 ℃, 51.9% and 27.3 respectively. Spearman′s rank correlation test showed that the daily average PM2.5 concentration and number of visits for urticaria were correlated with daily mean temperature(rs =-0.21, 0.36, respectively, P < 0.05)and relative humidity(rs = 0.49, 0.31, respectively, P < 0.05), but no correlation was observed between daily average PM2.5 concentrations and daily number of visits for urticaria(rs=0.01, P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria and daily PM2.5 concentration lagged by 0-14 days(RR=1, 95%CI:0.89, 1.13). After potential confounding factors were adjusted, an 82.8μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 concentration at lag 0-20 days was significantly associated with a 22%(95%CI:3%, 46%)increase in daily number of outpatient visits for urticaria, suggesting that the lagged effect of PM2.5 was obviously increased. Conclusion The association between PM2.5 concentrations and the number of visits for urticaria is easily affected by meteorological factors and biological confounding factors, and relative humidity and mean temperature are both positively correlated with the number of visits for urticaria.

Objective To investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and features of tongue manifestation.Methods A total of 1 655 physical examination individuals were selected,and height and body weight were measured to calculate BMI.Traditional Chinese Medicine tongue inspection was performed,and map of tongue manifestation was photographed by a digital camera.Results Among the 1 655 physical examination individuals,prevalences of normal weight,overweight/obesity and low weight were 50.94％,43.74％ and 5.32％,respectively.The prevalences of individuals had dark red tongue (37.98％ vs.24.56％;x2=40.883,P＜0.001),purplish tongue (5.94％ vs.3.44％;x2=8.133,P=0.017),dark purplish tongue (2.35％ vs.0.59％;x2=10.398,P=0.006),yellow fur (63.95％ vs.58.84％;x2=9.570,P=0.008),thick greasy fur (24.86％ vs.17.20％;x2=18.698,P＜0.001) in the overweight/obesity group were significantly higher than those in the normal weight group,and the prevalence of individuals had exfoliative fur/little fur/less fur in the overweight/obesity group was significantly higher than that in the normal weight group (1.93％ vs.3.91％;x2=6.454,P=0.040).The prevalences of individuals had red or deep red tongue (48.86％ vs.24.72％;x2=24.608,P＜0.001),red dot tongue (7.95％ vs.1.93％;x2=12.254,P=0.002),thin whitish fur (22.73％ vs.9.53％;x2=14.030,P=0.001) in the low weight group were significantly higher than those in the normal weight group.Binary logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation between dark red tongue (OR 1.830,95％ CI 1.515-2.211;P＜0.001),purplish tongue (OR 1.874,95％ CI 1.211-2.901;P=0.005),dark purplish tongue (OR 4.259,95％ CI 1.610-11.266;P=0.003),yellow fur (OR 1.294,95％ CI 1.093-1.531;P=0.003),gray-black fur (OR 6.147,95％ CI 1.816-20.811;P=0.004),thick greasy fur (OR 1.597,95％ CI 1.289-1.978;P＜0.001) and BMI,and negative correlation between pink tongue (OR 0.766,95％ CI 0.637-0.920;P=0.004),red or deep red tongue (OR 0.659,95％ CI 0.549-0.789;P＜0.001),red dot tongue (OR 0.548,95％ CI 0.326-0.921;P=0.023),thin whitish fur (OR 0.695,95％ CI 0.536-0.900;P=0.006),whitish fur (OR 0.821,95％ CI 0.683-0.986;P=0.035) and BMI.Conclusions There is some correlation between BMI and features of tongue manifestation.Abnormal tongue color is mainly dark red tongue in the overweight/obesity individuals,and red or deep red tongue in low weight individuals.Abnormal tongue fur is mainly thick yellow fur.The tongue shape is normal in different body weight groups.