Objective To analyse the distribution of pathogenic isolates and their durg resistance from inpatient in department of orthopedics from Jan.2008 to Dec.2012 and promote rational use of antibiotics.Methods All the clinical isolates were analyzed ret-rospectivily.Results of 1044 isolates,Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 54.12% (151/279 ),the most common pathogens of which were Escherichia coli,Enterobacter cloacae,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Gram-postive bacteria accounted for 41.58%(116/279),Staphylococcus aureus were the most common type.Fungi isolates accounted for 3.94%.The drug sensitive test showed that the resistance of different bacteria to the same antibiotic was different.The same kind of bacteria showed different drug resistance to different antibiotics.The most effective drugs for Enterobactericaeae infection treatment was Imipenem.Pseudomonas aeruginosa was sensitive to all the antibiotics exept for ciprofloxacin,to which the drug resistance was was 80%.The drug-resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin,SMZ-TMP and clindanmycin were all higher than 50%,while to the rest antibiotic was low.Conclusion The bacteria that caused the infection in patients were widely distributed in the department of orthopedics,antibi-otics should be properly chosen according to the results of microbial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Objective To study formation of ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystals in urine with bacteria growing and provide guidance for cilinical prevention of urinary calculi.Methods Bacterial culturefluid of Escherichia coli,Proteus mirabilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klevsiella pneumoniae,Enterococcus in urine was examined directly under the ultrahigh sensitive microscpcope system for ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystasl.The number of ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystasl was measured when the 24th and the 48th hour.Results Ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystasl were observed from the culture fluid without ammonion magnesium phosphate crystasl.The rate of male formation was higher than that of female.Ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystals in culture fluid of Proteus mirabilis was the highest,Pseudomonasaeruginosa was the second,the third was Klebsiella pneumoniae,and there was formed 1 case in 2 ml culturefluid of enterococcus,and 2 cases of formation in 5 ml culturefluid of Escherichia coli.The crystals formed were the most unformed feather crystals,followed by cubic and square cylinders,an d the envelope like crystals were the least.Conclusion Bacteria with urease play a significant role in ammonion-magnesium phosphate crystasl formed,Proteus mirabilis is the main pathlogen.

Objective: To screen the effective hemostasis fraction of Balanophora involucrata. Methods: Balanophora involucrata was extracted by 95% ethanol using reflux extraction, and the residue was extracted by water. The filtrate was combined and concen-trated, and then extracted by petroleum ether, ethylacetate and n-butylalcohol in turn to respectively obtain petroleum ether phase, eth-ylacetate phase, n-butylalcohol phase and H2O phase. The effective hemostasis fraction was determined by measuring the time of blood coagulation and hemorrhage combined with plasma recalcification time. Results: Compared with the blank group, ethylacetate extract from Balanophora involucrata could significantly shorten the time of blood coagulation and hemorrhage, and the plasma recalcification time (P<0. 01). n-Butylalcohol group at high dose could shorten the time of hemorrhage and the plasma recalcification time (P<0.05),while had no effect on the time of blood coagulation(P>0.05). Petroleum ether extract and H2O phase couldn't shorten the time of blood coagulation and hemorrhage, and the plasma recalcification time(P>0. 05). Conclusion: The effective hemostasis frac-tion of Balanophora involucrata mainly concentrates in ethylacetate extract.