Objective:Both URL and MPCNL have been widely applied in the treatment of ureteral calculi.In this study,the safety,efficiency and degree of injury were compared between retrograde and antegrade access ureterolithotripsy for the calculi complicated with infection,in order to clarify the indications of the two types of minimally invasive techniques.Methods:A total of 192 patients with upper ureteral calculi complicated with infection were treated with ureterolithotripsy.The operation was performed via retrograde transurethral access in 72 patients and via antegrade percutaneous nephrostomy tract in 120 patients.Results:The success rate of retrograde approach was 93.1%.Mean operating time was 45.9?16.5min(20-90 min) with mean hospital stay of 5.1?1.8(2-6) days.The stone free rate was 84.7%(61/72) at 1 month follow-up.5 patients with residual calculi required combined ESWL.Complications were noted in 5.6%,CRP was 10.59?5.12 mg/L before operation,and was 38.63?4.61 mg/L 24h after the operation.The success rate of antegrade approach was 99.2%.Mean operating time was 62.4?17.6 min(40-120 min) with mean hospital stay of 8.57?2.57(5-15) days.The stone free rate was 100% and 1 complication was noted(0.01%).CRP was 11.29?5.38 mg/L before the operation,34.93?7.82 mg/L 24h after the operation.For the success rate and stone free rate,antegrade approach was higher than retrograde approach(P0.05)between the two groups before operation,but antegrade approach had lower CRP(P