Objective To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Interleukin-36α (IL-36α) in colorectal cancer.Methods The expression of IL-36α was tested by immunohistochemical staining in 329 cases of colorectal cancer.According to the intensity and the proportion of positive tumor cells,all the patients were divided into IL-36α low and high expression groups.The clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients between IL-36α low high expression groups were compared.Results Significant differences were observed in the number of patients in tumor differentiation and pM classification between patients in the IL-36α low and high expression groups (P ＜ 0.05).The 5-year overall and tumorfree survival rates of patients were 79.3％ and 77.2％ in IL-36α low expression group,and 66.3％ and 65.3％ in IL-36α high expression group (P ＜0.05).COX proportional hazard regression model revealed that high expression of IL-36α was associated with short overall survival time and tumor-free survival time of colorectal cancer patients (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis identified IL-36α expression in colorectal cancer as an independent prognosticator (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions High expression of IL-36α was correlated with tumor differentiation and pM classification of colorectal cancers,and it is an independent predictor of poor survival for patients with colorectal cancer.

ObjectiveTo observe the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) on postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with obstructive jaundice. MethodsTotally 40 patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent hepatobiliary surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2008 to October 2009 were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into the conventional PN group and PUFAs group with 20 cases in each group. The conventional PN group was provided with medium-chain/long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion, while the PUFAs group was provided with medium-chain/long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion supplemented with ω-3PUFAs. The two groups received PN support with equal nitrogen content and calories for 9 days. The non-protein caloric value given was 117.15 kJ/(kg · d) with 0.2 g/(kg · d) of nitrogen. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-c) in serum were measured on the day before operation and on the postoperative day 1,3, 5, 7, and 9. Meanwhile, the incidences of SIRS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) were analyzed. ResultsThe levels of IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α on the postoperative day 3, 5, 7, and 9 were significantly lower in the PUFAs group than those in the conventional PN group ( all P ＜ 0.05). The duration of SIRS in the PUFAs group [(3.85 ±2.36) days] was significantly shorter than that in the conventional PN group [(5.31 ±1.47 ) days, P =0.0230]. The incidence of MODS was significantly lower in the PUFAs group ( 10％ ) than that in the conventional PN group (25％, P =0.0076). Conclusionsω-3PUFAs-supplemented PN improves the functions of liver and pancreas and alleviates acute inflammatory response in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Objective To investigate the effect of reinfusion of drained bile and pancreatic juice on the outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The clinical data of 51 patients who received PD at the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2005 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Nineteen patients received external drainage of bile and pancreatic juice ( ED group) and the other 32 patients received external drainage and intraintestinal administration of autologous bile and pancreatic juice (ID group).The daily volume of output of bile and pancreatic juice,intraoperative condition,tolerance of enteral nutrition,liver function and nutritional parameters of the 2 groups were detected.All data were analyzed by using chi-square test,Fisher exact test,independent t test,Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance.Results The pulmonary infection rate of ID group was 3％ (1/32) after operation,which was significantly lower than 26％ (5/19) of the ED group (P ＜ 0.05).The output of pancreatic juice in the ID group was significantly lower than that in the ED group since postoperative day 4 ( t =7.143,9.244,8.808,7.915,6.461,14.097,15.038,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the daily output of bile between the 2 groups.The incidence of diarrhea in the ID group was 9％ (3/32) after nutritional support,which was significantly lower than 37％ (7/19) of ED group (P＜0.05).The duration of achieving targeted enteral feeding in the ID was 3 days,which was significantly shorter than 4 days of the ED group ( U =145.000,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of total bilirubin ( TBil),direct bilirubin (DBil) and indirect bilirubin (IBil) were (261 ± 108 ),( 132 + 55 ) and ( 129 + 55 ) μmol/L in the ID group,and (239 ±92),( 12A ±46) and ( 116 ±46) μmol/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of TBil,DBil and IBil were (39 ± 19),(20 ± 10) and ( 19 +9) μmol/L in the ID group,and (55 ±22),(29 ± 12) and (26 ±11 ) μmol/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.There were significant differences in the decrease of TBil,DBil and IBil between the 2 groups ( t =7.324,8.437,5.827,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.261 ± 0.021 ) g/L,(34.3 ± 2.8 ) mg/L,(3.08 + 0.26 ) g/L in the ID group,and (0.263 ±0.021)g/L,(33.8 +3.5)mg/L and (3.10 +0.27)g/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin decreased significantly after operation,and then got increased 3 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.238 ±0.025)g/L,(30.7 ±2.0)mg/L,(2.78 ±0.19)g/L in the ID group,and (0.222 +0.025)g/L,(29.3 ±2.1)mg/L and (2.63 +0.21)g/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin in the ID group were significantly higher than those in the ED group (t=4.615,6.097,4.913,P＜0.05).Conclusion Reinfusion of external drained bile and pancreatic juice after PD could enhance the tolerance of patients in early enteral nutrition,reduce incidence of pneumonia,promote decrease of serum bilirubin and improve the nutritional status.

Objective To explore the possible role and mechanism of the Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver allo-geneic transplantation at the early stage. Methods In vitro cell contact coculture system was established. Culture supernatants were collected respectively on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th d after cocul-ture and the KCs and PBMCs were harvested on the 6th day after culture. The expression of HLA-G on the membrane of the KCs and PBMCs was detected with immunochemistry. Nitrate reduction test was used to determine the concentration of nitric oxide. IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1 cytokine levels in the supernatants were also measured with ELISA. The proliferation of lymphocytes was evaluated with MTT. Results six days later, no HLA-G molecules were detected on the membrane of the KCs and PBMCs. In the experimental group containing KCs, the levels of NO, IL-10 and TGF-β1 was signifi-cantly increased(P<0. 05), while the levels of IFN-γ was relatively lower(P<0. 05) as compared to the experimental group without KCs. No IL-10 and IFN-γ were detected in the control group, and on-ly few NO and TGF-β1 was found in the control group with KCs. MTT test showed that the value of optical density was lower in the experimental group with KCs than that in any other group(P<0. 05).Conclusion No HLA-G is expressed on the membrane of KCs and PBMCs after contact coculture.KCs may participate in regulating production of NO and Th2/Th3-like cytokines and suppressing the proliferation of lymphocytes, through which KCs probably take part in inducing immunotolerance of liver transplantation in early stage.

BACKGROUND:Transfusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may become a novel and effective biological therapy for inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the oncological safety of the treatment is worrisome, and is a key to determine whether mesenchymal stem cells can be widely used in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and deserves further investigation. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransfusion against inflammatory bowel disease in mouse models, and to clarify the effects of mesenchymal stem cells on tumorigenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS:Mouse model of colitis was established using Balb/c (H-2d) mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium. Syngeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfused into mouse model through caudal vein. The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells was compared and observed, and pathological remission of colitis was evaluated. Mouse model of colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis was established using Balb/c (H-2d) mice exposed to dextran sulfate sodium and azoxymethane. Tumor formation within the murine colon was compared and observed after transfusion of mesenchymal stem cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In models of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, weight loss and fecal occult blood were lessened in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup compared with the phosphate buffered saline group. Histological damage score of colitis was less in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup:mucosal structure of distal colon was almost intact under microscope, and there was smal area of epithelial defects and cryptal defects. Inflammatory cellinfiltration, proliferation of capil ary and smal vessels could be observed in mucosa and submucosa. Homing and colonization of mesenchymal stem cells in submucosa of inflamed colon could also be observed by in vivo tracing. In the dextran sulfate sodium/azoxymethane model of colitis-driven colon carcinogenesis, the number of intestinal tumors and tumor load were obviously less in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellgroup than in the control group. Results indicated that transfusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can apparently improve colitis lesions of mice with inflammatory bowel disease and inhibit carcinogenesis of colitis, which may provide theoretical support for the biological safety of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective Comparing the efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilatation and endoscopic stricteroto-my for postoperative anastomotic stenosis of colorectal cancer. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with postoperative anastomotic stenosis of colorectal cancer that underwent anastomotic dilatation from 2013 to 2016,and analyzed the anastomotic stenosis before and after treatment,and compared the efficacy of the two groups of dilatation methods. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in baseline characteristics. Balloon dilatation was effective in 3 cases(23.1%),ineffective in 10 cases(76.9%). 7 cases(63.6%)were effective in the stricterotomy group,4 cases(36.4%)were ineffective,the difference was statistically significant(P=0.045).Two groups of patients were not bleeding after surgery,infection and perfora-tion and other complications. Conclusion Endoscopic stricterotomy of postoperative anastomotic stenosis of colorectal cancer is more effective than conventional endoscopic balloon dilatation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and clinical significance of G protein-coupled receptor 31 (GPR31) in colorectal cancer tissue.

METHODSCancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 321 cases with colorectal cancer confirmed by pathology and undergoing resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1996 to December 2008 were collected. The expression of GPR31 was examined by immunohistochemical staining. According to the expression level of GPR31 (A value=0.051), all the patients were divided into low GPR31 expression group and high GPR31 expression group. Clinicopathology and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Risk factors affecting prognosis were investigated.

RESULTSGPR31 expression was significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (mean A, 0.063±0.014 vs. 0.045±0.020, P<0.001). A total of 197 cancer tissue samples were defined as low expression and 124 as high expression. Significant difference was observed in the number of patient in pM classification between the two groups (P=0.007). High expression group had obviously higher distant metastasis rate than low expression group [12.1% (15/124) vs. 4.1% (8/197), P=0.007]. The 5-year survival rate and tumor-free survival rate were 84.3% and 82.2% in the low expression group, and both 59.7% in high expression group (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed elderly, abnormal CEA, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis and up-regulated GPR31 expression were independent risk factors of overall survival and disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGPR31 expression is significantly up-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues. High GPR31expression indicates poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, and may be used as a predictive marker.

Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVE To compare the influence of age on the recovery of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.METHODS Detailed medical data of patients were reviewed.The patients were diagnosed as sudden sensorineural hearing loss from Jan 2010 to June 2018 and accepted treatments with neurotrophic drugs,steroid or hyperbaric oxygen.Age grouping was performed by every 5 years'interval.The treatment efficacy and hearing improvement were compared according to the age.RESULTS There were one hundred and sixty-three patients in this study.The majority of patients had moderate or above hearing loss,and most of the hearing curve was flat and profound type.The overall recovery rate was 56.44%,hearing gain was averaged 21.88 dB.55-60 years group had largest number of patients in the 11 age groups.Even with different treatment,the patients aged 57-66 years had the bad recovery,including the hearing gain data and total effective rate.CONCLUSION Ages has influence on the recovery of sudden sensorineural hearing loss,it maybe correlated with the etiology and patients'condition.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of miR-26b in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.

METHODSData of public chip databases were extracted to analyze the relationship between miR-26b expression and lymph node metastasis. Two types of colorectal cancer cell lines, Caco2 and DLD1, were selected, and the miR-26b-high colorectal cancer cell line was constructed using the method of lentivirus infection. The effects of up-regulating miR-26b expression on the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells were analyzed by Transwell migration and invasion experiment and wound healing assay. The effect of up-regulating miR-26b expression on stem cell phenotype of colorectal cancer cells was analyzed by sphere-formation assay.

RESULTSThe microarray detection results showed that the expression of miR-26b in tumor tissues of patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis[(12.04±0.20) vs. (11.31±0.19), t=2.646, P = 0.010]. In the in vitro experiment section, the Transwell experiment results showed that the number of invasive cells [(16.40±1.36) vs. (3.80±0.86), t=7.814, P=0.000] and migrating cells [(33.40±2.93) vs. (8.80±2.40), t=6.505, P=0.000] in miR-26b-high colorectal cancer cells was significantly higher as compared to miR-26b-low cells(all P<0.05). Would healing assay also confirmed that the migration speed of miR-26b-high colorectal cancer cells was significantly accelerated. Both the rate and the density of sphere formation were higher in miR-26b-high colorectal cancer cells than those in miR-26b-low colorectal cancer cells [Caco2:(168.3±11.7) vs. (54.2±10.8), t=7.185,P=0.002; DLD1:(4 076.0±409.8) vs.(1 613.0±210.1), t=5.349, P=0.006].

CONCLUSIONmiR-26b may promote the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer by accelerating the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells and enhancing the stem cell phenotype of tumor cells.

Caco-2 Cells ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of CCL21 on the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).

METHODSCCL21 over-expressing CRC cell line was constructed by lentivirus infection and CCL21 low-expressing CRC cell line was constructed by lipofection. The effects of CCL21 on the invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and the stem cell-like phenotype were investigated by Transwell migration, invasion assay, wound healing assay and sphere formation assay.

RESULTSReal-time quantitative PCR and western blot confirmed that the expression of CCL21 was up-regulated by lentiviral transfection and down-regulated by siRNA liposome transfection. In vitro, Transwell assays showed that the invasion and migration in CCL21 over-expressing CRC cells decreased significantly as compared to those of CCL21 low-expressing cells. In wound healing assay, the CCL21 over-expressing CRC cells showed a significantly lower rate of migration. In addition, the sphere formation rate and density of CCL21 over-expressing CRC cells were lower than those with low-expression of CCL21.

CONCLUSIONCCL21 can suppress the migration and invasion of CRC cells and weaken their stem cell-like phenotype.