The present state of industrial production and usage of the artificial wood board, the main cause of formaldehyde release in its applications, the adverse effects of formaldehyde on human health and the method of lowering formaldehyde emission were discussed in the present paper. Through decreasing the mole ratio of F/U, using two or many times condensation technology, adding formaldehyde scavenger and modifier to the urea-formaldehyde adhesive resin, eliciting free formaldehyde by vacuum dehydration, the urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesive that reaches the environmental standard will be developed.

Objective To investigate the mutation phenomenon of 20 autosomal STR loci in Henan Han population. Methods A total of 3011 parentage confirmed cases were collected to screen mutation events, ascertain the source of mutation, calculate mutation rate, analyze mutation rules and compare with the mutation condition of populations in different regions. Results 76 mutation events were observed in 19 STR loci, the average and accumulative mutation rate reached to 0.08% and 1.6629%, respectively. The ration of paternal versus maternal mutation was 8:1. Mutation rates of Penta E and D12S391 loci in Henan Han population were lower than the Han population of northern China(P<0.05); the mutation rate of CSF1PO locus were lower than Guangdong population and Yunan Han population(P<0.05); the mutation rates of D6S1043 and D12S391 loci were lower than Guangdong population(P<0.05). Conclusion STR mutation events were common in paternity testing. Region differences among mutation rate were significant.

BACKGROUND: The principal deterrent to the success for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the complications after transplantation. The complications are associates with the conditioning regimens in the early stage. The highly-effective preparative regimens of proper dose and low-toxicity are the key to the successful HSCT.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effects and regimen related toxicity (RRT) of high-dose alkylating-agent-based chemotherapy as conditioning regimens for HSCT in the patients with hematological malignancies.DESIGN: Controlled study with observation.SETTING: Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 45 patients with leukemia and lymphoma hospitalized at Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College from July 1997 to February 2006 were enrolled, including 31 males and 14 females. The median age was 31 years (from 7 to 52 years). The median course was 8 months (from 5 to 17 months) until transplantation.METHODS: Totally 45 patients with leukemia and lymphoma approached or got complete remission were treated by bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with preparative regimens of high-dose alkylating-agent-based chemotherapy. RRT was graded according to Bearman proposal, from grade 0 (no toxicity) to grade Ⅳ (fatal toxicity). The period of hematopoietic reconstitution, the rates of complete remission and relapse and disease-free survival were statistically observed in transplant recipients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of RRT as conditioning regimens.RESULTS: ①Five patients did not show any toxicity. The greatest toxicity of grade Ⅲ was uncommon (13%, 6/45). Most of the cases with RRT were in grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ and severe oases in grade Ⅲ were rare. In grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ, stomatocace and gastrointestinal toxicity were common respectively of 73% (33/45) and 51% (23/45) which were recovered in short time after treatment; Heart toxicity was rare and only in grade Ⅰ, most of which were tachyoardia and changes of ST-T shape. The increase of transaminase was common in the clinical manifestations of liver RRT except two cases of HVOD.There were four oases of HC, in which one was delayed. RRT on kidney, lungs and CNS was uncommon. ②Totally 43 patients engrafted gained hematopoietic reconstitution, 2 patients died of implant failure (4%). Within the median follow-up period of 37 (8-102) months, 10 patients relapsed, 5 patients died of transplantation-related complications and 28 patients were alive in a disease-free situation (62.2%). The cause of death within 100 days after transplantation was ordinal as acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), cytomegalovirus (CMV) interstitial pneumonia, disseminated infections,multiple organ failure and early relapses.CONCLUSION: Alkylating-agent-based conditioning regimens may be well tolerated with low toxicities for HSCT in leukemia and lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The primary qualification of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is the effective mobilization and harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells. The mobilization efficacy is closely related to the selection of high-efficacy low-toxicity regimen, the timing of mobilization and harvesting as well.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of mitoxantone (MIT) combined with high-dose arabinosylcytosin (Ara-C),followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or combination of G-CSF and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on mobilizing PBSCs in patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors.DESIGN: Controlled study with observation.SETTTNG: Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients with hematological malignancies and solid tumors admitted to Department of Hematology, Xuzhou Medical College from September 1998 to December 2006 were involved in this study. They were diagnosed according to FAB classification criteria and new WHO proposals. The involved patients, 25 male and 17 female, averaged 29 years ranging from 7 to 54 years and weighted (52±18) kg. Among them, 12 were patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 6 were patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 1 was patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) at chronic phase, 15 were patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 4 were patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 2 was patient with multiple myeloma (MM), 2 were patients with advanced breast cancer. All the patients apprcached to or got complete remission after conventional chemotherapy. No tumor cell infiltration was observed in bone marrow cytological examination. The functions of the main organs such as heart, lung, liver and kidney,and so on, were normal. The patients underwent an average of 8-course chemotherapy before the mobilization. Informed consents of all the patients were obtained.METHODS: MIT was intravenously injected at 10 mg/(m2·d)for 2 to 3 days, then Ara-C was also intravenously injected at 2 g/m2 every 12 hours for 1 to 2 days. When white blood cell (WBC) count recovered from the lowest value, 5 to 7.5 μg/ (kg·d)G-CSF was applied in 20 patients for 3 to 5 days successively. And 5 to 7.5 μg/ (kg·d)G-CSF and 5 to 7 μ g/(kg·d)GM-CSF were applied in another 22 patients at 6:00 in the morning and in the evening, respectively. PBSCs harvesting started when WBC ＞ 2.5×109 L-1, especially when CD34+ cells≥ 1%,WBC was doubly increased. Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were collected with CS3000 plus blood cell separator for detecting the level of CD34+ cells and T lymphocyte subsets. CFU-GM assays were performed in a methyl-cellulose-based clonogenic assay.① MNCs mixed with FITC-labeled CD34+, CD3 and CD8 monoclonal antibodies as well as CD4 PE-labeled CD monoclonal antibody at 4 ℃ for 30 minutes. 5×105 cells were determined, and CD3 and CD34+ levels, CD4/CD8 were determined by flow cytometer.Colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) was determined with methyl cellulose. ② Related adverse reactions were observed after operation. ③ Aiming to different types of diseases,autologous PBSCs were back infused 36 to 48 hours after pre-disposal treatment. MNCs count and trypan-blue drying were done. Levels of CFU-GM and CD34+ cells were determined after unfreezing.MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes in CD34+ cells and T lymphocyte subsets before and after mobilization. ② Postoperative related adverse reactions. ③ Back perfusion volume of autologous PBSCs (MNCs count, the number of CFU-GM and CD34+ cells).RESULTS: Forty-two involved patients participated in the final analysis. ① Changes in CD34+ cells and T lymphocyte subsets before and after mobilization: Without using hematopoietic growth factors (HGF), the percentage of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood of the patients was (0.054±0.032)%. After using G-CSF/GM-CSF treatment, it was (1.82±0.76)%,which was obviously increased compared with that of without using HGF (P ＜ 0.001). The CD34+ cells and CFU-GM yields of 22 patients in C-CSF plus GM-CSF combination group [(8.76±3.39)×106/kg, (3.52±1.33)×105/kg, respectively]were significantly higher than those of 20 patients in G-CSF alone group [(6.12±2.11)×106/kg, (2.03±1.07)×105/kg,respectively (P ＜ 0.05)]. There were no obvious changes of T lymphocyte subsets in the patients when using G-CSF/GM-CSF for some days except that CD34+ cells increased gradually (P ＞ 0.05). ② Postoperative related adverse reactions: Ⅱ to Ⅲ degree hair-loss was seen in all the patients. Blood platelets dropped to (54.43±26.14)×109 L-1 at different degrees. Infective fevers (37.8 ℃ to 41.0 ℃) occurred in 21 patients. But they were controlled in short term after antibiotics treatment. All the side effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF were mild and reversible, easily controlled with paracetamol or steroids. Bone pain (mainly in lumbosacral region) occurred in 13 patients when WBC went up quickly. ③ Back perfusion volume of autologous PBSCs: PBSCs were cryopreserved at -80 ℃ without program control for 2.0 to 6.5 months. The cell recovery rate was (88.7±7.4) %. Trypan blue exclusion rate was (92.1±5.5) %. The back perfusion volume of MNCs, CD34+ cells and CFU-GM yields were (5.21±2.44)×108/kg, (6.89±3.55)×106/kg, (2.58±2.33)×105/kg,respectively. ④Circulation blood volume were 10 to 16 L (end-point separation blood volume were all above trebling TBV). Hematopoiesis was well reconstituted in 40 patients received autologous PBSCT.CONCLUSTON: MIT and high-dose Ara-C chemotherapy combined with both G-CSF alone and G-CSF plus GM-CSF can safely and effectively mobilize autologous PBSCs, while G-CSF plus GM-CSF is superior to G-CSF alone.Large-volume leukapheresis is an important method to enhance the productive rate of stem cells and decrease the times of harvesting.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of VX-765 on cognitive function in acute rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-deprived juvenile rats.Methods:Thirty-six clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3-4 weeks, weighing 52-101 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=12 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), acute REM group (group AREM) and VX-765 group (group V). Sleep deprivation model was established by modified multi-platform water environment method.In group V, VX-765 solution 10 mg/kg was intravenously injected via the tail vein at 9: 00 a. m.every day for 4 consecutive days.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C and AREM groups.Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were performed for 4 consecutive days during sleep deprivation.The rats were then sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests on 5th day, and hippocampi were removed for determination of the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the latency of novel object recognition was significantly prolonged, the percentage of novel object exploration was shortened, and the number of head exploration was decreased, the percentage of novel object exploration and discrimination index were decreased, the number of crossing the original platform in Morris water maze test was reduced, the time of staying at the target quadrant was shortened, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was up-regulated in AREM and V groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group AREME, the latency of novel object recognition was significantly shortened, the percentage of novel object exploration was prolonged, and the number of head exploration was increased, the percentage of novel object exploration and discrimination index were increased, the number of crossing the original platform in Morris water maze test was increased, the time of staying at the target quadrant was prolonged, and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was down-regulated ( P<0.05). Conclusion:VX-765 can improve the cognitive function in acute REM sleep-deprived juvenile rats, which is related to inhibiting hippocampal inflammatory responses.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) on blood transfusion-related acute lung injury in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Seventy-two clean-grade healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-350 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=18 each) using the random number table method: sham operation group (group S), TBI group (T group), TBI plus 10 ml/kg plasma transfusion group (TP group), and TBI plus 10 ml/kg plasma transfusion plus CORM-3 group (TPC group). TBI was induced by dropping a 20-g weight from 20 cm height falling freely in anesthetized rats.Plasma 10 ml/kg was infused via the femoral vein after TBI in TP and TPC groups.The rats were sacrificed at 24 h after plasma transfusion, and lung tissues were obtained for determination of wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, cell apoptosis, and expression of caspase-3, Bid, Bim and Puma (by Western blot). The lung injury score was calculated using the results of HE staining.Lung ultrasonography was performed for assessment of sonographic score, and the apoptosis rate was calculated by the TUNEL staining method. Results:Compared with S group, the W/D ratio, lung injury score, sonographic score and apoptosis rate were significantly increased, and the expression of activated caspase-3, Bid, Bim and Puma was up-regulated in the other three groups ( P<0.05). Compared with T group, the W/D ratio, lung injury score, sonographic score and apoptosis rate were significantly increased, and the expression of activated caspase-3, Bid, Bim and Puma was up-regulated in TP group ( P<0.05). Compared with TP group, the W/D ratio, lung injury score, sonographic score and apoptosis rate were significantly decreased, and the expression of activated caspase-3, Bid, Bim and Puma was down-regulated in TPC group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:CORM-3 can reduce acute lung injury related to blood transfusion in rats with TBI, and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in lung tissues.

Objective To evaluate the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) postconditioning on pyroptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) in rat hippocampai neurons and the relationship with mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway.Methods Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured in vitro,seed in 6-well or 96-well plates,and divided into 5 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group),OGD/R group,CO postconditioning group (CO group),specific mPTP opener atractyloside plus CO postconditioning group (ACO group),and specific ROS inducer antimycin A plus CO postconditioning group (KCO group).Neurons were subjected to O2-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 16 h followed by restoration of O2-glucose supply for 24 h to establish the model of OGD/R injury.In group CO,neurons were exposed to 2％ CO-5％ CO2 for 3 h at 37 ℃ starting from the end of OGD,followed by normal culture for 21 h.In ACO and KCO groups,atractyloside 20 μmol/L and antimycin A 50 μmol/L were added at the end of OGD,respectively,and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group CO.Neuronal pyroptosis rate was determined using double immunofluorescent staining cleaved caspase-1-AlexaFluor 568/DAPI after the end of treatments in each group.The neuronal survival rate was determined by MTT,opening of mPTP by Calcein-AM fluorescence,ROS content by DCFH-DA,and expression of interleukin1beta (IL-1β) and IL-18 by Western blot.Results Compared with C group,neuronal pyroptosis rate,ROS content and opening of mPTP were significantly increased,the neuronal survival rate was decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was up-regulated in the other groups (P＜0.05).Compared with OGD/R group,neuronal pyroptosis rate,ROS content and opening of mPTP were significantly decreased,the neuronal survival rate was increased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was down-regulated in CO,ACO and KCO groups (P＜0.05).Compared with CO group,neuronal pyroptosis rate and ROS content were significantly increased,the neuronal survival rate was decreased,and the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 was up-regulated in ACO and KCO groups,and opening of mPTP was significantly inctreased in ACO group (P＜0.05).Conclusion CO postconditioning can inhibit OGD/R-induced pyroptosis in rat hippocampal neurons,and the mechanism is related to inhibiting mPTP/ROS signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the role of transient receptor potential melastatin2 (TRPM2) in sevoflurane anesthesia-induced necroptosis in hippocampal neurons of aged rats.Methods:Sixty SPF-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 22 months, weighing 550-600 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), sevoflurane anesthesia group (group M) and sevoflurane anesthesia+ TRPM2 inhibitor group (group M+ A). M and M+ A groups inhaled 2% sevoflurane for 5 h. In group M+ A, TRPM2 inhibitor ACA 20 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before sevoflurane inhalation, and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was intraperitoneally injected in group C and group M. Morris water maze test was performed at 1 day after sevoflurane anesthesia. The escape latency, times of crossing the original platform and time spent in the original platform quadrant were collected. The expression of TRPM2 and necroptosis-related proteins (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein [MLKL], receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 [RIPK1], phosphorylated MLKL [p-MLKL], and phosphorylated RIPK1 [p-RIPK1]) was detected by Western blot. The cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration in and necroptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were determined by flow cytometry. Results:Compared with group C, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, the times of crossing the original platform were decreased and the time spent in the original platform quadrant was shortened, the expression of TRPM2, MLKL, RIPK1, p-MLKL and p-RIPK1 was up-regulated, and the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations in hippocampal neurons and necroptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were increased in group M and group M+ A ( P<0.05). Compared with group M, the escape latency was significantly shortened, the times of crossing the original platform were increased, and the time spent in the original platform quadrant was prolonged, the expression of TRPM2, MLKL, RIPK1, p-MLKL and p-RIPK1 was down-regulated, and the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations in hippocampal neurons and necroptosis rate of hippocampal neurons were decreased in group M+ A ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Hippocampal TRPM2 is involved in the process of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced necroptosis in hippocampal neurons of aged rats.