60 yr, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, long term inactivity etc), and duration of operation. The incidence of DVT was 49.3% in control group, 30.0% in group CS alone, 15.0% in group CS + IPC1 and 23.3% in group CS + IPC2 (P

Objective To determine the factors contributing to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremity in patients after hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation.Methods One hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients receiving hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation from 2004 to 2005 were included in this study. Their age ranged from 33 to 92 years. Duplex color ultrasonic inspection was performed on veins of the bilateral lower extremities before operation and 2 weeks after operation for detection of DVT. The patients were divided into a DVT group and a DVT-free group based on the development of DVT after operation. Detailed perioperative clinical information about the patients, surgery and anesthesia was collected.Results Lower extremity DVT was found in 42.2% of the patients after operation, while the incidence of proximal DVT was 2.7%. Compared with the DVT-free group, the usage rate and dosage of ephedrine increased significantly, the duration of anesthesia was significantly longer, and the white blood cell count (WBC) on the 1st postoperative day and the highest WBC count were significantly higher in the DVT group(P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the above factors were closely related to DVT.Conclusion Duration of anesthesia ＞ 3 h, ephedrine administration and a marked increase in WBC count after operation are the risk factors for DVT in the lower extremities in patients after hip or knee arthroplasty and hip fracture internal fixation.

Objective:To survey the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in high risk patients undergoing thoracotomy and observe the changes of hemostatic activity. Methods: Fifty-two consecutive patients (ages that ranged from 35 to 79, 34 men and 18 women) with lung or esophagus cancer were enrolled into this prospective trial. The patients included underwent major thoracic surgery from February 2003 to April 2003. Bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasonography for DVT screening was performed 3-10 days post surgery in all 52 patients and 57 matched clinic normal controls. Venous blood was collected to determine fibrinogen(FIB), D-dimer(D-D), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), antithrombin (AT), thrombin antithrombin complex (TAT), prothrombin time (PT),international normalized ratio(INR), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) immediately before surgery, the third and tenth days postoperatively. No patient had a prior thromboembotic history. Risk factors for DVT were evaluated. Results: Of the 52 patients, 28 (53.8%) had an acute postoperative DVT detected in the calf. One patient died of suspected pulmonary embolism postoperatively. Plasma levels of FIB and D-D increased significantly up to 7 d after operation. AT level decreased significantly 3 d after operation and returned to normal 7 d latter. TAT increased significantly 3 d post operation and decreased to normal on day 7. PAI level was lowered 3 d after surgery, but increased significantly on day 7 compared with that on day 3. With the addition of risk factors related to thrombosis, the incidence of DVT was increased correspondingly. Conclusion: Of the patients undergoing major thoracic surgery,53.8% of them had a postoperative DVT by postoperative screening duplex ultrasound. In Chinese population, incidence of DVT appears to be high without prophylaxis, which is similar to other reports of westerners. These patients had a number of risk factors for the development of DVT, which include older age, overweight, hypertension, diabetes, and history of thromboembolism, etc. Prophylactic measures should be taken against postoperative venous thromboembolism in major thoracic surgery with high risk, including early mobilization, anticoagulant therapy with heparins, and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC).

0.05).There were no significant differences in thrombus-associated indexes except a slight change of plasminogen activator antigen.CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of DVT after tumor removal of urinary system is mainly associated with malignant tumor itself, operation wound, postoperative immobilization and the risk factors of thrombus,the administration of reptilase does not increase the incidence of DVT,but might promote the fibrinolytic activity of patients.