Objective To quantify the EEG data in patients with brain death, expecting to obtain a criteria with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of brain death. Methods Analyzed the EEG data obtained from 17 brain dead cases and 5 clinical brain dead cases with spectrum analysis and made comparison with that from 13 non-brain dead cases. Results The EEG electric power of the brain dead group was significantly lower than that of non-brain dead group (P

Objective To observe dynamic changes of Kir2. 3 mRNA in the hippocampus of rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, and to discuss the relationship between Kir2. 3 expression and the pathogenesis of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods We used pilocarpine to induce status epilepticus (SE) in rats,which became chronic temporal lobe epileptic rats in 2 weeks. The expression of Kir2.3 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the time points of 0, 6, 72 hours and 2 weeks after SE. Results The ratios of Kir2. 3 mRNA to β-actin of normal control and 0, 6, 72 hours, 2 weeks after SE were 0. 080 ± 0. 030, 0. 103 ± 0. 045, 0. 164 ± 0. 026, 0. 132 ± 0. 024, and 0. 011 ± 0. 008, respectively. The ratio was significantly higher 6 and 72 hours after SE and significantly lower 2 weeks after SE than that of the normal control. Conclusions Two weeks after SE, when the rats had spontaneous recurrent seizures, the expression rate of Kir2.3 reached a turning point, which possibly became the basis of epileptogenesis.

Objective To observe the change of expression of inwardly rectifying K+(Kir)2.3 mRNA and protein of Kir in the hippocampus of rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)in different time points and the effect of Tenidap a Kir2.3 channel opener on its expression,investigate the relationship between Kir2.3 and the pathogenesis of TLE and to explore the potential of Kir agonists as anti-epileptic drugs.Methods The pilocarpine TLE rat model was used.Animals were randomly assigned to the control or the status epilepticus(SE)groups,which were further divided into four time point subgroups consisting of 0.6,72 hours,and 2 weeks post-SE termination.Another subgroup was given Tenidap,a Kir2.3 channel opener,and tested 2 weeks post-SE.Hippoeampi were removed and the expression of Kir2.3 mRNA and protein at different time points was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blotting.Results The ratios of Kir2.3 mRNA and β-actin in normal control and 0,6,72hours and 2 weeks after SE termination were 0.080±0.030,0.103±0.045,0.164±0.026,0.132±0.024.0.011±0.008,respectively(F=23.684,P<0.01).The ratios of Kir2.3 protein and GAPDH in propotional groups were0.305±0.030,0.263±0.028,0.767±0.167,0.498±0.077,0.176±0.026(F=44.183.P<0.05).The expression of Kir2.3 channel in the epileptic rats was bimodal,increasing immediately after SE,relative to controls,and declining in the chronically epileptic period.Tenidap administration upregulated both the mRNA(0.021±0.006)and protein expression(0.636±0.140) of Kir2.3(F=25.216 and 47.355,P<0.05 and 0.01).Condusion These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of TLE is accompanied by a decrease in Kit2.3 expression,which may be ameliorated by the administration of tenidap.

Objective To survey gene expression profiles in nonlesional refractory temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)and to further verify the difference of gene expression.thus to evaluate the possible molecular pathogenesis of this kind of epilepsy that can help to supply a new way for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods The TLE samples and control cases were studied by means of cDNA microarray consisting of 1 8 000 genes.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)Was performed to measure the expression alterations of SH3GL2.BTNN2A2 and KCNJ4 mRNA in temporal cortex samples from patients who had undergone temporal lobectomy surgery for intractable epilepsy.Tissue from 10 subjects who did not have epilepsy served as controls.Results The known genes differently expressed in those TLE samples involved immunity correlation factor genes,signal conduction genes,ion channel transportation genes;mitochondria function genes and SO on were identified.Among which.the expression of SH3GL2 mRNA Was significantly increased in epileptic brain(1.022±0.547)compared with the controls(0.446±0.171,t=-3.181).In TLE group(0.481±0.196),the expression of BTN2A2 mRNA was also significantly higher than that of control subjects(0.243±0.111,t=3.351).Compared with control group(O.795±0.112),the expression of KCNJ4 mRNA Was significantly decreased in TLE patients(0.438±0.178).Conclusions cDNA microarray is an efficient and high.throughout method to survey gene expression profiles in intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.The variation of those gene expressions might be a potential etiological agent for TLE that may offer a novel target for anticonvulsant therapy.

Objective To formulate and detect the efficacy and safety of standardized medication strategy of epilepsy. Methods The normalized medication strategy was worked out in 278 new diagnosed patients, whose effect, retention rate and safety were evaluated after 24 months of treatment. Results Of all the 278 patients, 235 patients were taken mono-therapy while other 43 patients used therapeutic alliance.Most patients took CBZ or VPA as mono-therapy drugs. At the time after 24 months, almost 76. 3%(212/278) patients got seizure free, and the effectiveness was 22. 7% (63/278). The retention rate of those mono-therapy drugs were investigated respectively. CBZ presented 69. 8%, VPA presented 76. 2%,OXC was 68.0%, TPM was 69. 6%, LTG was 83. 3%, LEV presented 85.7%, and 100% for PHT.Conclusions All epileptic patients were well-controlled after taking standardized medication. The standardized medication strategy of epilepsy possesses valuable importance in clinical practice, which deserves further popularization.

Objective:To construct a risk prediction and assessment system for incisional infection after spinal surgery.Methods:Based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), risk factors and assessment indicators of postoperative incisional infection in spinal surgery were sorted out through literature search followed by expert consultation using the Delphi expert consultation method. After three-level assessment indicators were selected according to their importance and expert opinions and assigned by different scores, a risk prediction and evaluation system was constructed for postoperative incisional infection after spinal surgery.Results:The 2 rounds of expert consultation questionnaire resulted in an effective response rate of 100%. The degree of expert consultation authority was 0.85, showing high reliability; the Kendall coordination coefficients of expert consultation ranged from 0.525 to 0.686, showing good coordination ( P<0.05). The three-level assessment indicators consisted of 3 primary, 18 secondary and 54 tertiary ones. After statistical analyses of the important risk indicators selected which consisted of 6 preoperative evaluation ones and 18 postoperative evaluation ones, 6 preoperative and 12 postoperative predictive indicators were obtained. The values of risk priority number (RPN) were calculated for high, medium and low risks for postoperative incisional infection using a semi-quantitative method. Conclusion:A self-designed system has been constructed for risk prediction and assessment of incisional infection after spinal surgery based on expert consultation and FMEA method.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of polymerized human cord hemoglobin (PolyCHb) in chemoimmunotherapy for breast cancer in mice. 【Methods】 A 4T1 breast cancer in situ tumor model was established, and 15 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: blank group: no intervention; Control group: doxorubicin + PD-1 inhibitor was given intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 5 mg·kg^-1 once a week and PD-1 inhibitor 12.5 mg·kg^-1 once a week; Experimental group: DOX+ a-PD-1+ PolyCHb, the usage of DOX and a-PD-1 was the same as above, PolyCHb: PolyCHb 600 mg·kg^-1 was injected into the tail vein, three times a week; The administration period was 4 weeks. During the administration, the tumor volume was recorded 3 times per week, the tumor growth curve of each group was drawn and the tumor inhibition rate was calculated. The mice were killed on the 29th day, and the tumor was removed and weighed to calculate the tumor inhibition rate. Immunofluorescence, HE staining, TUNEL method and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α, observe the pathological changes of tumor tissue, detect the apoptosis of tumor cells, and detect the expression of tumor proliferation index Ki67. 【Results】 Compared with the blank group and the control group, the tumor volume in the experimental group decreased significantly (P<0.05) and the tumor inhibition rate (%) increased significantly (P<0.05). The content of HIF-1α in tumor tissue in experimental group decreased (P<0.05). In the experimental group, the growth area of tumor tissue decreased, accompanied by the increase of necrosis area; The positive rates (%) of apoptosis in tumor tissues of blank group, control group and experimental group were 18.79±0.62, 20.68±1.19 and 41.65±2.99 respectively (F=135.2, P<0.001). In addition, the results of tumor proliferation index Ki67 showed that there was a statistical difference between the control group and the experimental group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 PolyCHb increases the sensitivity of chemoimmunotherapy in breast cancer mouse model, and the mechanism may be related to the decrease of HIF-1α expression, the promotion of apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation.

【Objective】 To prepare microneedles(MNs) loaded with platelet-rich plasma lysate (PL) using Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), and explore the prospect of PL MNs in the treatment of diabetic wounds. 【Methods】 CMCS was used as the basic material, and an appropriate amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK-60) was added to prepare needle materials of different concentrations, and the optimal concentration was determined by investigating the needle formation rate, morphological characteristics and mechanical properties, and the growth factor activity in PL MNs was investigated. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into four groups after the back wound was made, the control group did not do any treatment, the PL smear group was treated with PL smearing, the blank MNs group was treated with MNs without PL, and the PL MNs group was treated with PL microneedles. The effect of PL MNs in wound healing in diabetic mice was evaluated through body observation, H&E staining and immunohistochemistry results. 【Results】 When PVPK60 was 40 mg/mL, the needle formation rate was 100%, the array was complete, the needle body was full, and the needle was sharp. According to the results of mechanical-displacement curve and weight pressure change experiment, the prepared PL MNs have good mechanical strength. The results of growth factor analysis indicated that the content of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in PL was (625±35) pg/mL, and the content of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) was (18 741±1 287) pg/mL. After making the MNs, the VEGF content was (183±2) pg/mL, and the PDGF-BB content was (8049±1157) pg/mL. Although the concentration of growth factors decreased, growth factor activity was still preserved.The results of wound healing experiments in diabetic mice showed that the PL MNs group had better healing, and the wound healing rate was different from that of three groups (P<0.01). The results of H&E staining showed that the PL MNs group had fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates and bleeding spots. The number of fibroblasts and new microvascular in the control group was worse than that in the PL MNs group and the PL smear group. The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 decreased, while anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β and angiogenesis index CD31 increased in the PL MNs group, which were significantly different from those in the other three groups (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 The PL MNs prepared in this experiment have good mechanical properties, which has a positive effect on the wound healing of diabetic mice, and provides a new idea for diabetic wound healing.

【Objective】 To prepare liposomes encapsulate hemoglobin and paclitaxel(LEHP)to improve tumor hypoxia resistance. 【Methods】 LEHP were prepared by thin-film method, and the particle size, Zeta potential and polydispersity were investigated by nanoparticle size analyzer, and encapsulation efficiency was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, and the interaction between the liposomes and tumor cells was evaluated by in vitro cell experiments. 【Results】 The optimal preparation conditions of LEHP was as follows: total phospholipid 36 mM, DPPC∶Dope∶cholesterol molar ratio 7∶2∶1, paclitaxel 3 mg, hydrated with 3 mg·mL^-1 Hb-PBS for 30 min at room temperature; The average particle size was (189.17±8.22) nm, polydispersity was 0.14±0.023, paclitaxel encapsulation efficiency was (58.27±2.55)%, hemoglobin content was (0.63±0.05) mg·mL^-1. In vitro cell experiments, the killing effect of LEHP was about 1.5 times that of LEP, about 1.2 times that of LEP, and ROS production was about 1.8 times that of LEP. 【Conclusion】 The preparation conditions of LEHP was optimized, and cell experiments showed that LEHP can promote tumor cell apoptosis by improving hypoxia and increasing ROS production, which is expected to provide a safe and effective new method for drug resistance caused by tumor hypoxia.