Objective Biodegradable is validated by the New Zealand rabbit femoral puncture mesh porous seepage prevention performance of the balloon.Methods The experiment was divided into the experimental group and control group, by piercing the New Zealand rabbit left leg near the femur, establish channel introduced after bone drill, fracture model is established, degradable mesh implant microporous balloon and/or bone cement.Observe and record the operation process of each New Zealand rabbit blood oxygen saturation change and cases of bone cement occur breakup and shortness of breath and groupings.Results Surgery under general anesthesia, bone cement injection process smoothly, balloon group of intraoperative breathing smooth, blood oxygen saturation has no obvious change; CPC group of blood oxygen saturation in the cement perfusion and perfusion after 81.63 +/-32.02, 32.02 +/-32.26, respectively, compared with perfusion 96.67 +/-1.71 in front of the difference is statistically significant, of which 3 cases died in 5 cases, shortness of breath, direct infusion of bone cement is more likely to lead to pulmonary embolism.Conclusions Further confirmed that the degradable mesh porous balloon seepage prevention of CPC and the breakup of the effect is obvious, comply with the design requirements.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Ninety-five patients hospitalized in Wuxi Children's Hospital from Jan.2003 to Dec.2013 were analyzed retrospectively.They were diagnosed as SLE for the first time.The clinical features of SLE between boys and girls were compared.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results Of the 95 cases with SLE,12 were boys and 83 were girls.Clinical manifestations showed 69 cases with facial rash (72.6％),43 cases with fever (45.3％),31 cases with arthritis (32.6％),24 cases with serositis (25.3％),23 cases with oralulcer (24.2％),13 cases with allergy to sunlight (13.7％),11 cases with nervous system damage (11.6％).Laboratory examination:94 cases (98.9％) with anti-nuclear antibody positive,91 cases (95.6％) with decreased C3 complement,71 cases (74.7 ％) with anti-dsDNA antibody positive,71 cases(74.7％) with decreased C4 complement,69 cases(72.6％) with anti-SSA antibody positive,62 cases (65.3％) with anti-Sm antibody positive,52 cases (54.7％) wiht proteinuria,anti-SSB antibody positive 49 cases(51.6％),46 cases (48.4％) with decreased leukocyte,38 cases(40.0％) with anti-nucleosome antibody,38 cases (40.0％) with anemia,26 cases(27.4％) with hematuresis,14 cases(14.7％) with decreased platelet,6 cases(6.3％) with injury of renal function.Renal injury,anti-Sm antibody and anti-nucleosome antibody of male children with SLE were significantly higher than those of female children(x2 =9.989,4.224,4.070,all P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of anti-SSB antibody in female children with SLE was significantly higher than that of male children(x2 =3.885,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Male childre with SLE are easy to appear the renal injury,proteinuria is the most common.Anti-Sm antibody is a risk factor for the high incidence of renal injury in male children with SLE.Anti-nucleosome antibody is a risk factor for the high incidence of SLE disease activity in male children than that of female children.The risk of future Sjogren's syndrome in female children with SLE is higher than that of male children.

BACKGROUND: Iliac bones are common habitant parts in metastatic tumor of bone, and the affiliate cortex is easy to be penetrated into soft tissue blots. The irregular iliac shape and its complex surrounding tissues create the difficulties in puncture operations and cement perfusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of CT-guided versus DSA-guided puncture combined with bone cement perfusion for metastatic tumor to the ilium.METHODS: Sixty-four patients with metastatic tumor to the ilium udergoing bone cement perfusion were enrolled, and then divided into control and experimental groups (n=32 per group), followed by treated with DSA-guided percutaneous injection of bone cement, and CT-guided puncture, respectively. Subsequently, the diffuse distribution of bone cement was observed using CT. The success rate, leakage rate, Visual Analogue Scale scores and Oswestry Disability Index were compared between two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients received the surgery successfully, and bone cement leakage happened in two cases of control group and one case of experimental group. (1) The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores in the two groups were significantly better than those before treatment (P < 0.05), and the scores showed no significant differences between two groups (P > 0.05). (3) No difference was found in the pain relief and functional recovery between two groups. (4) To conclude, CT-guided treatment can achieve satisfactory outcomes for metastatic tumor to the ilium by bone cement infusion in appropriate time.

BACKGROUND: After the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with bone cement implantation,deteriorative osteoporosis and the distance augment between bone cement and bones result in a decrease in bone cement-bone interface compression strength and torsion strength, and then the bone cement tends to displace, which is easy to cause a secondary vertebral fracture.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of bone cement implantation via three approaches on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.METHODS: Sixty patients with single osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were treated with vertebroplasty,percutaneous kyphoplasty or fraction cement vertebroplasty. All data were collected to analyze the correlation between the bone cement morphology and treatment method, and to detect the visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index,Cobb angle and incidence of secondary vertebral fractures.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The visual analogue scale scores, Oswestry disability index, and Cobb angle in thethree groups were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05). All above indicators showed no significant difference among groups at each time point after treatment, suggesting that these three kinds of treatments exert the same effects on pain relief, functional recovery, preventing the vertebral height loss and maintaining spinal mechanical properties.Bone cement displacement and secondary vertebral fracture occurred after clotted cement implantation. Therefore,mixed and trabecular-shaped grafts are preferred, aiming to achieve good long-term treatment outcomes in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

BACKGROUND:In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the biodegradable mesh-like microporous baloon made of macromolecular materials has obvious advantage of anti-leakage, which is capable of maintaining calcium homeostasis, has no inhibitory effects on cel growth and on microscopic interdigitation formation between new bone and bone cement. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of biodegradable mesh-like microporous baloon with calcium bone cement on vertebral fractures based on animal experiments. METHODS:The fracture model was established in 48 New Zealand rabbits, in which a bone dril was introduced after successful puncture at sites near left low extremity of the femur. These rabbit models were randomized into two groups: experimental group with calcium phosphate bone cement and biodegradable mesh-like microporous baloon and control group only with calcium phosphate bone cement. Clinical parameters such as blood cel count, biochemistry, and CT/X ray were examined at 1, 3 and 6 months after implantation of the baloon and bone cement. After that, the specimens were fixed for pathological analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operation was performed under general anesthesia with no eventful infusion of bone cement. The expansion of baloon was satisfactory without definite extravasation of bone cement in the experimental group. In the control group, cement diffusion was found with pulmonary embolism occurring in three New Zealand rabbits. No statistical significance for blood cel counts and biochemistry was found between pre- and postoperation or between two groups. The materials in the two groups had favorable biocompatibility with injured bones without obvious immunological response. In the experimental group, the baloon wal was thinned and partial bone tissues grew into the cement at 1 month; at 3 months, a large amount of bone tissues grew into the cement and cement volume diminished; at 6 months, the baloon disappeared and only a smal amount of cement left in the bone tissues. In the control group, it was difficult to determine when the cement degraded. The biodegradable mesh-like microporous baloon combined with calcium bone cement is superior to bone cement alone in the management of vertebral fractures.

BACKGROUND:It has become a focus to look for new vertebral body fil ing materials which have the biomechanical property, biological activity and low cement leakage rate.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the biomechanical characters and cement leakage rate of the vertebral bodies implanted with biodegradable reticulated bal oon and calcium phosphate.
METHODS:Thirty-two vertebral bodies from pigs were randomly divided to four groups. For A group, 2.5-3.0 mL polymethacrylate cement was injected into the body through a unilateral thoracic pedicle pathway;for B group, 2.5-3.0 mL calcium phosphate cement were injected by the same protocol;for C group, the biodegradable reticulated bal oons fil ed with 2.5-3.0 mL calcium phosphate cement were implanted;D group, including normal vertebral bodies, was designed as controls. Leakage of bone cement was observed in each group. The load-shift curves were recorded by an electronic universal testing machine (SCHENCK RSA-250).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The stiffness and strength of A group were significantly higher than those of D group (P<0.05), and the stiffness and strength of B group were statistical y lower than those of D group (P<0.05). The stiffness and strength of C group, otherwise, were similar with those of D group (P>0.05). Cement leakage rate of C group was lower than that of A or B group (P<0.05). Vertebral bodies implanted with biodegradable reticulated bal oons may lead to similar biomechanical characters as the normal vertebral bodies and reduce the cement leakage rate.

BACKGROUND: In kyphoplasty procedure, two balloons are inserted into the vertebral body and inflated simultaneously for height symmetric restoration of the vertebral body. However, the expensive cost of balloon of kyphoplasty limits the extensive development of this procedure in developing countries. In this study, we try to inflate single balloon with bilateral transpedicular routes alternatively to achieve vertebral body height balanced restoration and reduce operation expenditure. But biocompatibility of bone cement and effect of kyphoplasty still need further observation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of bone cement and the clinical efficacy of bipedicular kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by inserting single inflatable balloon into injured vertebral body and filling bone cement in the cavity caused by inflating balloon via bipedicular approach.DESIGN: Controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Medical Imaging, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-two patients (31 vertebral bodies) undergoing kyphoplasty with single balloon in Department of Medical Imaging, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from May 2004 to May 2005 were selected, including 5 males and 17 females aged 68-85 years. Patients with painful compression fractures caused by osteoporosis were enrolled, and confirmed by CT and MRI with complete vertebral posterior wall but no spine deformity. The informed consent was obtained from all subjects, and the experiment and treatment were approved by Ethics Committee. METHODS: The especial instrument for kyphoplasty including puncturing device and balloon were provided by Shandong Guanlong Medical Utensils Co., Ltd. [LDAI (T) 2004 No. 2150017]; bone cement (Polymethymethacrylate) was made in China [MAIT 2005(T) No. 3650267]. Under X-ray fluoroscopy monitoring, single inflatable balloon was inserted into fractured vertebral body by puncturing needle and inflated via bipedicular approach to restore vertebral height. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Bone cement biocompatibility during and after surgery; ②pain relief within 72 hours after surgery, restoration of vertebral height and correction of kyphotic deformity.RESULTS: ①Bone cement biocompatibility: Little cement leakage was observed at one intervertebral space of one patient by X-ray film, but no clinical symptoms, inflammatory reaction or rejection were found. ②Obvious pain relief was found in 22 cases with within 72 hours after kyphoplasty. ③The height loss of the anterior and middle vertebral body reduced from (14.70±4.21) mm and (10.62±4.11) mm preoperatively to (10.38±4.23) mm and (6.45±4.04) mm postoperatively after single balloon inflation and cement filling. Cobb angle was corrected averagely from (21.15±6.33)° preoperatively to (11.64±4.33)° postoperatively. CONCLUSION:Biocompatibility of bone cement is good, and no specific adverse effects are found in despite of cement leakage. Bipedicular kyphoplasty with single balloon for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures effectively restores vertebral heights and relieves pain.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of kyphoplasty with single balloon cross-midline expansion using unipedicular approach for osteoporotic vertebral body compressive fracture (OVCF).Methods Thirty six cases of painful OVCF were included in the study,with 61 vertebrae involved.Under X-ray fluoroscopy monitoring,kyphoplasty was performed using a unilateral,single,balloon via a unilateral transpedicular approach.A final balloon position was in the midline of the vertebral body with the balloon cross-midline expansions and bone cement filled. Clinical outcomes were determined by comparison of preoperative and postoperative VAS and ODI scores.Radiographic assessment included vertebral height restoration and correction of kyphosis.Follow-up was conducted for 6.0-12.0 months(mean 9.2 months).Results Thirty-six consecutive patients with 61 vertebrae were successfully operated with an operative time of(37.4±9.6)rain per vertebra.All patients had significant pain relief and functional recovery within 96 h after the procedure with no surgery-and device-related complications.VAS score improved from(7.3±1.0)preoperatively to(2.7±0.8)postoperatively(t=19.53,P＜0.01).ODI score was decreased from(71.1±10.9)%preoperatively to(26.6±6.4)%postoperatively(t=18.54,P＜0.01).The average anterior body height loss was(14.3±2.8)mm before procedure and(10.0±1.8)mm after procedure(t=14.68,P＜0.01).The average middle body height loss was(10.2±2.7)mm before procedure and(5.9±1.8)mm after procedure(t=16.44,P＜0.01).The Cobb's angle was corrected from 23.4°±5.0° to 16.2°±2.8°(t=15.60,P＜0.01).Some leakages of cement around the anterior margin of vertebra and inter-vertebral space were found in 2 patients,but there were no clinical symptoms.X-ray examination indicated there were no cement leakages in other vertebra.The pain relief and functional recovery were substantial and maintained to the last follow up without any re-collapse or adjacent level fracture.Conclusions A single-balloon cross-midline expansion using unipedicular approach in kyphoplasty for OVCF is effective and safety,less operation time,less radiation exposure compared to the conventional kyphoplasty technique.

Objective To explore the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous vertebrophasty(PVP)in the treatment of the metastatic tumor involved axis.Methods Ten patients(8 male,2 female)with osteolytic metastases involved axis were treated with PVPs.The anterolateral approach with fluoroscopy guidance was selected in 9 cases,while the posterolateral approach with CT guidance was selected in 1 case.Results Successful unilateral-paracentesis for PVP were achieved in all patients without intervention related complications such as bleeding and symptomatic polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)leakage.CT scan taken following PVP showed that over 70% of the osteolytic metastatic area was well filled with PMMA in all cases.Varying degrees of pain relief were observed(CR in 7 cases,PR in 3 cases)within 7 days.All patients could support their heads without brackets.During a 3 to 24 months follow up after the procedures,No aggravated pain was found in the group.Two patients died in 4 months,3 Patients died in 8 to 11 months 4 patients died in 13 to 15 months,and 1 patient still was alive after 24 months.Conclusion Anterolateral or posterolateral approach to Aixs in PVP is safe and effective in treating osteolytic metastatic tumors.

Objective To investigate the features of intravertebral vacuum phenomenon (IVP)in vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Methods Two hundred and nine patients with VCFs underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). The biopsies and the images of X-ray, CT, MRI of VCFs were obtained. The consistency between IVP and osteonecrosis on histology and the positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of IVP for diagnosing local osteonecrosis in VCFs were analyzed. Fisher exact probability test was used to analyze the coherence between IVP and osteonecrosis. Results Histological examination revealed 146(69.9%) osteoporoses, 10 (4.8%) osteonecroses with osteoporoses, 53 (25.4%) neoplasms. Prior to surgery,10 cases of IVP were found. Plain radiograph showed horizontally oriented lucent cleft in the vertebral body;CT further confirmed the location of gas;T_1-weighted MR image appeared hypointensity,while the signal intensity of T_2-weighted MR image differed, depending on the duration of recumbency. Nine of 10 patients with IVP showed osteonecrosis on histology, while 9 of 10 patients with osteonecrosis contained IVP. The association of osteonecrosis on histology and the IVP was statistically significant(P <0.01). The PPV, NPV, sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index for diagnosing local osteonecrosis was 90% (9/10), 99.5% (198/199), 90.0% (9/10), 99.5% (198/199), and 0.9, respectively. Conclusion The IVP is stongly suggestive of local osteonecrosis in vertebral compression fracture.