Objective To explore the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI)in patients in different levels of hospitals.Methods SSI among patients in 47 hospitals at 0:00-24:00 of May 16,2012 were investigated by medi-cal record reviewing,doctor inquiry,and bed-side visiting.Results A total of 5 977 surgical patients were investiga-ted,SSI prevalence rate was 1 .76%.SSI prevalence rate in secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =9.337,P =0.002);SSI prevalence rates in clean-contaminated and contaminated incision in secondary hospi-tals were both higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =4.315,8.129,both P <0.05);departments with high SSI preva-lence rates were general surgery,orthopedic,and neurosurgery;the major isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus ,and coagulase negative Staphylococcus .Conclusion SSI rates of different types of incision and different departments are varied,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.

AIM To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction of sauchinone and to evaluate the in vitro antitumor activity of Saururi Herba supercritical extract.METHODS With extraction pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time,entrainer (ethanol) concentration and entrainer amount as influencing factors,together with extraction rate of sauchinone as an evaluation index,orthogonal test was used for optimizing the extraction.Then MTT was applied to determining the extract's inhibitory effect on human multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (7721/Adm).RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 30 MPa for extraction pressure,50 ℃ for extraction temperature,2 h for extraction time,95％ for ethanol concentration,and one time for ethanol amount,the average extraction rate of sauchinone was 0.173％.The obtained extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of 7721/Adm cells (IC50 =50.08 μg/mL),demonstrating a stronger activity than that of ethanol extract (ICs0 =150.59 μg/mL).CONCLUSION This stable and feasible method is appropriate for sauchinone extraction,and the supercritical CO2 extract from Saururi Herba shows a strong in vitro antitumor activity.

Objective:To introduce a newly modified surgical approach and explore the clinical efficacy of en bloc kidney transplantation from deceased infant donors to adults.Methods:Four cases of en bloc kidney transplantation from deceased infant donor to adult were performed with a new modified surgical approach in renal transplantation and dialysis center of the Second People's Hospital of Shanxi Province from January 2017 to September 2019. All 4 cases were cardiac death donors. There were 3 males and 1 female donors, aged (54 ± 22.69) d and weighing (5.6 ± 0.79) kg. There were 1 male and 3 female recipients, aged (41.5 ± 5.97) years and weighing (45 ± 3.56) kg. For lowering operative difficulties and preventing hemodynamic disturbances, bilateral kidneys were sutured and fixed during trimming. Then end-to-side anastomosis was performed between donor kidney abdominal aortic valve and recipient external iliac artery and between donor renal inferior vena cava valve and recipient external iliac vein.Results:All operations were successful without vascular or urinary complication. The average duration of donor kidney repair was 20 min and the average duration of transplantation 68.75 min. The functions of transplanted kidney recovered well during a follow-up period of 12 months. The long-term survivals of recipient and transplanted kidney were satisfactory.Conclusions:The newly modified surgical approach of en bloc kidney transplantation from deceased infant donor to adult has optimized operative handling. With a higher success rate, vascular complications are lowered. A wider popularization is recommended.

Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of ivabradine in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment.Methods:We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wan Fang, VIP databases from inception to 1 September 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared conventional therapies and ivabradine with conventional therapies in dilated cardiomyopathy patients. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included and analyzed. After data extraction and literature quality evaluation, we use the Review Manager 5.4 to perform the meta-analysis and publication bias test.Results:5 studies enrolling 494 patients were included. Compared with conventional therapies (control group), ivabradine and conventional therapies (observation group) significantly reduced resting heart rate [ MD=-7.58, 95% CI(-12.40, -2.76), Z=3.08, P=0.002], left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) [ MD=-4.48, 95% CI(-7.33, -1.64), Z=3.09, P=0.002], left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) [ MD=-4.94, 95% CI(-7.29, -2.59), Z=4.12, P<0.001], B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) [ MD=-212.39, 95% CI(-230.55, -194.23), Z=22.92, P<0.001], New York Heart Association (NYHA) class [ MD=-0.36, 95% CI(-0.44, -0.27), Z=8.46, P<0.001] and Minnesota Questionnaire Score [ MD=-10.43, 95% CI(-15.72, -5.13), Z=3.86, P=0.001]. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) levels [ MD=1.31, 95% CI(0.64, 1.97), Z=3.85, P=0.001], 6-minute walk test level (6MWT) [ MD=54.83, 95% CI(40.58, 69.08), Z=7.54, P<0.001], systolic blood pressure [ MD=4.72, 95% CI(0.91, 8.54), Z=2.43, P=0.02], the incidence of visual symptoms (phosphene) [ OR=7.22, 95% CI(1.32, 45.00), P=0.02] and symptomatic bradycardia [ OR=8.90, 95% CI(1.21, 65.75), P=0.03] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment. In addition, there were no significant difference in the incidence of acute event between the two groups [ OR=0.72, 95% CI(0.12, 4.29), P=0.72]. Conclusions:Meta analysis showed that ivabradine combined β receptor blockers can effectively reduce resting heart rate and improve cardiac function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, but may increase the incidence of hallucinations and symptomatic bradycardia.

Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of Chinese medicine injection (CMI) in the treatment of heart failure (HF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMbase databases were electronically searched from inception to October 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CMI for treating HF after AMI. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the bias risk of included studies. Network meta-analysis was then performed by ADDIS1.16.6 software and Stata 16.0 software.Results:A total of 55 studies were included involving 4 760 patients with HF after AMI and 3 types of CMIs, including Shenmai, Shenfu, Xinmailong injections. The results of network meta-analysis showed that Xinmailong injection was superior to Shenmai injection and Shenfu injection in improving the total effective rate and reducing left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD); Shenmai injection was superior to Xinmailong injection and Shenfu injection in reducing B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP); Shenfu injection was superior to Shenmai injection and Xinmailong injection in increasing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reducing heart rate (HR).Conclusions:The combined 3 types of CMIs for treating HF after AMI can improve the clinical efficacy when compared with conventional Western medicine treatment. Among them, Xinmailong injection is better in improving the total effective rate and reducing LVEDD, Shenmai injection is more advantageous in reducing BNP, and Shenfu injection has the best efficacy in improving LVEF and reducing HR.

Objective:To compare the repair effects of three kinds of treatment methods included synovial mesenchymal stem cells(SMSCs),platelet rich plasma(PRP)and the combination of them with knee joint cavity injection on cartilage injury of rabbit.Methods:A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish a cartilage injury model of knee joint by using surgery in knee joint of them.The rabbits with cartilage injury model were divided into four groups using a random number table method,which included blank group,single SMSCs with joint cavity injection group(SMSCs group),PRP with joint cavity injection group(PRP group)and the combination of SMSCs and PRP with joint cavity injection group(SMSCs+PRP group),with 6 rabbits in each group.The synovium of four groups of rabbits were scraped off their joints to conduct in vitro culture of SMSCs,as well as the morphological observation and identification of SMSCs.The venous bloods of rabbits were extracted to prepare PRP by centrifugation.The contents of PRP,platelet and growth factor in blood were compared.The SMSCs and PRP were injected into the knee joint cavity of three groups of rabbits with model.After 2,4 and 6 weeks of injection treatment,the repair statuses of cartilages at defection area of different groups were evaluated according to cartilage repair scoring table of International Association for Cartilage Repair(ICRS).Results:The primary synovial cells of rabbit knee joint synovium were initially round in shape after isolation,but almost all of them were spindle shaped after passage.The positive detection rates of SMSCs surface antigen CD73,CD90 and CD105 of 4 group were respectively 100%,99.22%and 99.99%.The CD45 detection was 0.5%,which indicated that they possessed the property of stem cell.The platelet count of 4 groups showed that the platelet concentration in PRP was approximate 6 times of that in whole blood.The concentrations of platelet derived growth factor(PDGF),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were respectively(569.15±57.48)ng/mL,(633.56±63.90)ng/mL and(1 243.55±106.04)ng/mL in PRP,which were approximately 5 times,6 times and 7 times of that in whole blood,respectively.After 2 weeks of injection treatment for joint cavity,there was no significant statistical difference in the scores of cartilage repair among 4 groups(P>0.05).At 4 and 6 weeks of injection treatment,the morphological and histological score of cartilage repair of the SMSCs+PRP group were significantly higher than those of the blank group,and the differences were significant(t4 week=6.35,9.15,t6 week=8.16,8.60,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The repair effect of SMSCs combined with PRP on cartilage injury of rabbit is significantly better than that of single PRP and single SMSCs,respectively,and all of them are better than those without treatment.SMSCs combined with PRP can significantly improve the effect of self-repair of cartilage injury.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of converting traditional triple immunosuppressive regimen into quadruple immunosuppressive regimen of low-dose tacrolimus plus sirolimus plus mycophenolic acid plus hormone in expanded criteria donor (ECD) renal transplant recipients .Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted for 39 patients undergoing extended standard kidney transplantation with conversion therapy from January 2015 to June 2018 .Renal function ,liver function ,blood lipid ,bone marrow suppression ,positive rate of urinary protein ,positive rate of urinary BK virus and other adverse reactions were analyzed .Results A total of 39 recipients fulfilled the inclusion criteria ,including 28 boys and 11 girls with an average age of (37 .69 ± 11 .07) years and a median postoperative conversion time of 6 months .As compared with pre-conversion therapy ,renal function and estimated glomerular filtration rate improved significantly at 1 month ,3 months ,6 months and 1 year (P<0 .05) .No significant difference existed in the level of blood lipid ,whole blood leukocyte or hemoglobin at pre and post-conversion ( P>0 .05) .No significant difference existed between AST and ALT at pre and post-conversion (P< 0 .05) . After conversion , the positive rates of urinary protein and BK virus urine declined . Subacute rejection occurred in 1 case after conversion .Addition of sirolimus was curative .No severe adverse reactions such as infection and diarrhea occurred in the remaining cases .Conclusions T he quadruple immunosuppressive regimen of low-dose tacrolimus plus sirolimus plus mycophenolic acid and hormone is both safe and effective for ECD recipients of renal transplantation .

Objective:To summarize the clinical experiences of 9 ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation at our center and explore its clinical application value.Methods:Methods From April 2016 to December 2019, there were 9 living kidney transplants of ABO incompatible relatives, including type A to type B (n=3), type B to type O (n=3), type B to type A (n=1) and type AB to type B (n=2). Immunosuppressant plus single membrane plasmapheresis (PE) and/or double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) and rituximab were employed for pretreating recipients. Adverse reactions of recipients were observed during and after pretreatment. Blood group antibody titer, complications and other related parameters were recorded before and after transplantation before and after monitoring pretreatment.Results:After pretreatment, IgM, IgG and total titer of blood group antibodies were ≤1: 4 on the day of transplantation and the titer of non-blood group antibodies rebounded within 2 weeks (≤1: 8). During preconditioning, 2 patients experienced oral numbness and involuntary dithering during plasmapheresis and there was 1 case of infusion reaction after rituximab dosing. The early recovery of renal function was all excellent. Renal biopsy was performed in 4 patients with slow elevation of serum creatinine and 1 case developed acute antibody-mediated rejection. The survival rate of all recipients at the last follow-up was 100%.Conclusions:Live kidney transplantation of ABO-incompatible relatives is both safe and feasible so that it may help alleviate some shortage of donor kidney.