Objective To optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of total saponins and to provide a basis for the Ardisia crenata study. Methods Based on the results of the single-factor tests and the Box-Behnken central composite experimental design principles, a response surface methodology which has three factors and three levels was designed to optimize the extraction process of Ardisia crenata based on the content of saponins. Results A maximal extraction yield of total saponins reached 2. 29% under the optimal conditions as follows:70% alcohol was used as extraction solvent with the material to liquid ratio of 116, the extraction time was 3 h at 70 ℃. Conclusion The optimized extraction process is accurate, reliable and practically valuable.

OBJECTIVE:To ensure safe and effective drug use.METHODS:The necessity and ways to ensure the integrity of drug identification markers were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The completed drug identification markers in the course of retailing are essential for achieving the function of drugs and assuring the safety and the effectiveness of drug use.

Pseudotemporal lobe epilepsy refers to an electroencephalogram (EEG) ictal pattern that is localized to the temporal region and the clinical ictal symptoms like the temporal seizure, especially mesial temporal seizure. But the epileptogenic zone is on the extratemporal regions. It is not easy to diagnose pseudotemporal lobe epilepsy. There are difficulties to detect by scalp EEG, and stereoelectroencephalography is usually required for epileptogenetic zone localization. Pseudotemporal lobe epilepsy almost is refractory for antiepileptic drugs. But the situation is illustrated by the failure of temporal lobe surgery resection alone. Therefore, the good result is often obtained after an epileptogenic zone and symptomatic zone resection.

Development of liver fibrosis is closely associated with angiogenesis and abnormal vascular remodeling. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in fibrogenesis, the results that inhibition of angiogenesis is effective in suppression of liver fibrosis demonstrate that therapies with several molecular targets against angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis might be beneficial for the treatment of cirrhosis. However, there is some evidence that inhibition of angiogenesis can even worsen fibrosis. This article outlines recent advances regarding the interplay between inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrogenesis in terms of cellular and molecular mechanisms, and suggests a requirement of greater understanding to intervene in these key processes, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestration and impact distinct chemokine actions driving monocyte migration and differentiation, for therapeutic benefit in the future.
Humans ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; therapy ; Vascular Remodeling

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; International Cooperation ; Pediatrics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; standards ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Objective To study the percentage and cause of new seizure types in epilepsy patients and attempt to evaluate the value of new seizure types.Methods All 1074 eapilepsy patients were envolled in the retrospectively study.The types of seizure were diagnosed according to International League Against Epilepsy seizure classification and neuroimaging results of the patients.The Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to assess the difference of age at first seizure and mean duration of epilepsy patients with and without new seizure types.The chi-square test was used to compare the abnormal proportion of EEG and neuroimaging results of epilepsy patients.Results Two hundred and thirty-one(21.5%)of 1074 epilepsy patients experienced new seizure type.Five hundred and eighty-four patients had partial seizure with 132 (22.6%)experiencing new types of seizure while 490 patients had generalized seizure with 99(20.2%)experiencing new types of seizure.Five hundred and seventy-six(53.6%)had abnormal EEG and 237 (22.1%)had abnormal neuroimaging in 1074 epilepsy patients.A hundred and twenty-three(52.3%)of 231 patients with new seizure types had abnormal EEG,and 75(32.5%)of them had abnormal neuroimaging. The possible causes for the new types of seizure could be found in 41 patients.There were no significant difference in the age of the first onset between the patients with and without the new types of seizure while there was significant difference in the average course of disease between them(χ~2=18.511-23.836.P＜0.05).There were significant differences in the rates of abnormal results of examination of nervous system and imaging outcomes.Conclusions There may be different causes of new seizure types.The study of new seizure types is helpful in diagnosis,treatment and prevention of epilepsy.

Objective To evaluate mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in treating proximal ureteral calculi. Methods 109 patients underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy for proximal ureteral calculi from March 1998 to July 2001 were reviewed and evaluated. Results All the 109(100%) were rendered stone-free at 1 session.The average operation time was 60 munites,the estimated blood loss volume 25 ml and the average hospitalization 7 days.No major complications were noted. Conclusions Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in treating proximal ureteral calculi and is less invasive for the patients.

Objective To summarize the experience of ES WL and PCNL management for pediatric renal calculi. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data 105 cases.The series consists of 33 girls and 72 boys.The average age was 8.7 years.Of the 105 children,21(20. 0%) had urinarytract abnormality.68 cases were treated with ESWL,33 with mini-P CNL,and 4 cases with residual stone fragments were treated with min-PCNL and ES WL.Four children underwent open procedures. Results 92 s essions of ESWL were performed in 68 children,57(83.8%)became stone-free.Among them 47 cases ( 69.1 %) were cured by one ESWL session,18 cases(26.5%)had two sessions,three children had three sessions.Two cases who had ureteral steinstras se were rendered stone-free by ureteroscopy.Among 33 children managed by mini- PCNL,24 (72.7%) were cured by one PCNL session,9(27.3%) by two sessions,three pa tients with UPJ obstruction underwent antegrade pyeloureterotomy at the same tim e.Stones were cleared using one PCNL session in 24(72.7%),2 sessions in 29(87.9% ),4 patients were cured with ESWL and mini-PCNL.The overall success rate was 97 .0%.2 of 4 cases in open procedures were performed by means of pyeloplasty,one p atient had residual stone fragments after open surgery. Conclusions ESWL is the first-line treatment for renal calculi in children.PCN L is a option but based on stones status,instrumental and technical conditions. Combining PCNL with ESWL had better outcome.

Objective To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in adults with epilepsy.Methods The QOLIE-31 and the SDS were administered to 33 adults with epilepsy who met the entry criteria, and 17 healthy volunteers who had the similar personal characters. Results Patients' scores of SDS were adversely associated with seven of the eight QOL domains (except for medication effect) independent of other factors. Duration of the disease was the independent risk factor to overall health and medication effect. The GTC group (17 subjects) and the CPS group (16 subjects) were both obviously compared with the control group in medication effect (GTC group 61.0?23.8,CPS group 56.6?19.4,control 100.0?0.0) and seizure worry domains ( P

Objective Four cases of screen epilepsy were reported Methods Clinical analysis of four cases of TV epilepsy Results Of the four cases, two had the seizures evoked by changing channel of TV set only, one evoked by watching TV, and the other had the seizure triggered by video game. The seizures of two cases showed GTCS, one case showed partial seizure with secondarily generalized seizure, and the other showed partial seizure and absence Conclusion Screen epilepsy may have several seizure types, not only have GTCS but also have partial seizure and absence.