Objective To evaluate transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy for the treatment of ureteral stones. Methods Transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy was undertaken for 302 cases of ureteral stones,185 male patients and 117 female with and average age of 42.There were 68 upper ureteral stones,106 middle and 128 lower ureteral stones.The transverse diameter of the stones was 5～12 mm and the vertical length 6～24 mm. Results Successful lithotripsy was achieved on one session in 264 cases ( 87.4%),with the stone completely expelled in 4～6 weeks.Complication occurred in 20,14 of which being ureteral perforation.Conservative treatment was adopted in 8 and open surgery in 6,9 of which have been followed up for 3～10 months without ureteral stricture.4 cases complicated by urinary infection. Conclusions Transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is an effective means of treating ureteral stones.

Objective To investigate the distribution features of upper limb involved nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods The sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV)and amplitude(SNAP),motor nerve conduction velocity(MCV)and amplitude(CAMP)of median,ulnar and radial nerves were examined in 98 DPN patients (DPN group) and 32 normal controls(NC group).The distributive ferture of involved upper limb nerves in DNP patients were analysed.Results (1) Comparing to NC group,the SCV and MCV of median,ulnar and radial nerves in DPN group were significantly slower (P

【Objective】To evaluate the impact of stent implantation on proliferation and apoptosis in media vascular smooth muscle cells and to explore the mechanism of restenosis after stent implantation.【Methods】Fifty male New Zealand rabbits were randomized into balloon group and stent group.Control group were set up.The materials were harvested on 3,7,14,28 and 56 day after operation and the following investigation were carried out.① Assessing the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin E of media smooth muscle cells with immunohistochemistry;② Analyzing apoptosis of media smooth muscle cells by TUNEL technique.【Results】The expressions of PCNA,Cyclin E and apoptosis in stent and balloon groups were markedly increased compared to control groups.① Stent group induced significant increased expression of PCNA and Cyclin E in the media smooth muscle cells compared to balloon group.On day 7,the positive rates of PCNA and Cyclin E were 24.36±0.55% vs 18.74±1.09% (P<0.01) and 22.65±1.00% vs 17.68±1.10% (P<0.01) respectively;② Stent group induced much more significant apoptosis than balloon group.The highest rate of apoptosis appeared on day 7:12.46±1.13% vs 5.54±0.53% (P<0.01);③By calculating the ratio of positive rates of PCNA to apoptosis and Cyclin E to apoptosis respectively,the ratio of balloongroup was higher than that of stent group.【Conclusion】Stent group induces augmented proliferation and much more significant apoptosis of media smooth muscle cells compared to balloon group.It shows that the severity of restenosis is relieved after stent implantation.

Objective To determine the best extraction process of ginkgo leaves with the total transfer rate of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones as the index.Methods The effects of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio and extraction time on extraction process were investigated by orthogonal design method, and the contents of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones were detected by HPLC to calculate transfer rate.Results The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:85% ethanol refluxing and extracting for three times;the first time extracting with five-fold amount of solvent (V/W) for 3 hours;the last two times with three-fold solvent (V/W) for 2 hours.Conclusion This extraction process has the advantages of simplicity of operator, reason, energy conservation, high efficiency, and is suitable for industrial production.

AIM:To research the characteristics of ventricular electrophysiology in right ventricular rapid pacing-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) dogs. METHODS:Dogs (n = 16) were randomly divided into 2 groups:the control (n = 7) and the CHF group (n = 9) induced by rapid right ventricular pacing at 240 pulse·min-1 for 4 to 5 weeks. The electrophysiologic parameters were evaluated by the technique of standard electric stimulation and monophasic action potential (MAP) recording. RESULTS:(1) Ventricular effective refractory period (VERP), ventricular MAP duration (MAPD90), ventricular late repolarization duration (VLRD) and intra- ventricular conduction time (IVCT) were prolonged by 26％ (P ＜ 0. 01), 43％ (P ＜ 0. 01), 318％ (P ＜ 0. 05), and 19％ (P ＜ 0. 01), respectively in CHF group. (2)The ratio of VERP to MAPD90(VERP/MAPD90) was decreased by 13％ (P＜0.05) in CHF group. (3) The dispersion of ventricular recovery time (VRT - D) was increased by 185％ (P ＜0. 01) in CHF group. (4) The ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was decreased by 48％ (P ＜ 0. 01) in CHF group. CONCLUSION:The abnormal electrophysiological changes in the CHF condition may be contributing factors of lethal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths in CHF.

Objective To identify the typical imaging features of steatocystoma multiplex on mammography.Methods Mammographic findings in 9 patients with clinical and pathological diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex were analyzed along with a review of the current literature.Results Four of the nine patients with steatocystoma multiplex had a positive family history.Nine patients showed multiple,round,thin-walled fatty,radiolucent nodules with well-defined margin.These nodules are located in the superficial layer of the axilla bilaterally.They are also seen on the skin of breast(7 cases),the anterior chest wall (4 cases) and the upper arm (3 cases).Conclusion Recognition of the characteristic mammographic features of Steatocystoma multiplex is important in the management of these patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on cell apoptosis during acute lung injury (ALI) induced by two-hit in rats.Methods Thirty male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 240-270 g, were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham), ALI induced by blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock group (group ALI), and penehyclidine hydrochloric group (group PHC).In ALI and PHC groups, the rats were subjected to the combination of chest trauma and hemorrhage (mean arterial pressure 35-40 mmHg mm Hg, lasting for 60 min) to establish a model of ALI.In group PHC, penehyclidine hydrochloric 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 1 h before blunt chest trauma.At 8 h after successful establishment of the model, the rats were sacrificed, and lungs were removed for examination of the pathologic changes and for determination of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression (using Western blot), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) , and cell apoptosis (by TUNEL).Apoptotic index was calculated.Results Compared with group Sham, the levels of Bax, caspase-3 and TNF-α and apoptotic index were significantly increased, and Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in ALI and PHC groups.Compared with group ALI, the levels of Bax, caspase-3 and TNF-α and apoptotic index were significantly decreased, and Bcl-2 expression was up-regulated in group PHC.The pathologic changes of lungs were significantly reduced in group PHC than in group ALI.Conclusion Penehyclidine hydrochloride mitigates ALI induced by two-hit through inhibiting cell apoptosis in rats.

Objective To observe the characteristics of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome in late stage of spontaneously hypertension rats (SHRs). Methods Ten 12-month-old healthy male SHRs were put into syndrome observer group (SHR group), while ten male WKY rats with the same age were set as control group (WKY group). Syndrome differentiation method on rats was employed to transform the four-diagnostic information into general behavior indexes with the same significance. The afternoon anal temperature, tongue color, holding power, ability of learning and memory, serum estradiol and testosterone level were observed, compared and analyzed. Results Compared with the WKY group, rats in the SHR group had higher afternoon anal temperature, redder tongues, poorer strength and claw holding power and their ability of learning and memory was retarded; the level of serum estradiol was lower;the ratio of estradiol to testosterone was higher. All of these were largely in line with deficiency of live-kidney yin syndrome. Conclusion SHRs in late stage show characteristics of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome.

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Objective Myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure remain the most dominant health challenges worldwide.Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as a potential novel treatment for severe ischemic heart disease and there is increasing evidence that cell transplantation may improve the perfusion and contractility of myocardium in animal models.This study was designed to examine the endothelial growth potential and whether transplantation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells can improve local blood flow in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model.Methods The mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord of passage 5 were differentiated in an endothelial differentiation medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro.Samples were observed for 2 weeks.The human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells were transplanted into a hindlimb ischemia mouse model in vivo.Four weeks later,immunofluence was used to identify the migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells towards endothelial linage.Laser Doppler perfusion image was used to evaluate the local blood flow of the hindlimb.Results Results After incubation with VEGF and bFGF,the human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells started to form interconnected clusters and a network was formed.Four weeks after transplantation,the transplanted cells were sprouting f0rom the local injection and differentiated into endothelial cells,contributed to the recovery of local blood flow obviously as compared with control group.Conclusion Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into endothelial cells,contribute to the local angiogenesis in a hindlimb ischemia mouse model and represent a new source for therapeutic angiogenesis for clinical applications.