Objective To study the reverse roles of reverse effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the resistance to adriamycin in human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780/ADM.Methods The drug sensitivity of A2780/ADM cells was measured by MTT assay.The intracellular concentration of ADM was determined by fluorescent spectrophotometry.The changes of cell apoptosis percentage of A2780/ADM was demonstrated by flow cytometry.Results The IC50 value of TMP in A2780/ADM cell line was significantly decreased by the non-cytotoxic dose or low-cytotoxic dose of TMP.The resistance reversing effect comparing with the IC50 value of ADM cells was respectively 2.07 folds.The intracellular ADM concentration in A2780/ADM cells was significantly elevated by TMP at the same dose and the cell apoptosis percentage was significantly increased by TMP.The expression of P-gp was reduced significantly by TMP.Conclusion TMP could reverse the resistance of human ovarian carcinoma of A2780/ADM cell line to ADM,which may be related to the increased intracellular.

Aim To study the effect of ZD7288 on synaptic transmission in the pathway from perforant pathway (PP) fibers to CA3 region in rat hippocampus. Methods The extracellular recording technique in vivo was used to record the CA3 region field potentials. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was applied to measure the content of amino acids in hippocampal tissues. The effect of ZD7288 and CsCl on the amplitudes of population spike (PS) in CA3 region evoked by stimulation (0.5 Hz) of the perforant pathway (PP) fibers, and the content of amino acids in hippocampal tissue were observed. Results Microinjection of ZD7288 (20, 100 and 200 nmol)and CsCl (1,5 and 10 μmol) into CA3 region decreased the population spike (PS) amplitudes in a dosedependent manner. The inhibitory effects appeared at 5 min after microinjection and lasted at least 90 min.In those rats treated with ZD7288 (100 nmol), the contents of glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA decreased significantly as compared to those of saline control ( all P＜0.01, except P＜0.05 for that of glycine). A similar decrease in the contents of amino acids was observed when the rats were microinjected with CsCl (5 μmol). Conclusion ZD7288 could obviously inhibit synaptic transmission in the pathway from PP fibers to CA3 region in rat hippocampus, and this action of ZD7288 may be associated with altered contents of amino acids.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of bacterial infectious diarrhea.Methods The clinical and pathological characteristics of 2380 cases of bacterial infectious diarrhea in Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University from 1998 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.Enumeration data were analyzed by X~2 test.Results Among the 20 169 patients who went to hospital because of diarrhea in 10 years,2380 cases fecal bacterial culture were positive,including Vibrio parahaemolyticus(2247 cases,94.4%),Shigella(99 cases,4.2%),Salmonella (29 cases,1.2%),Vibrio alginolyticus(3 cases),pathogenic Escherichia coli(2 cases).Patients with diarrhea were common from June to 0ctober in each year.The main manifestations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection were abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,vomit or dehydration.The main manifestations of Shigella infection were fever,abdominal pain and diarrhea.Conclusions The bacterial culture positive rate of stool samples from patients with bacterial infectious diarrhea is not high in Jinshan district.Shanghai.The major pathogens are Wbrio parahaemolyticus and Shigella.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedctomidine pretreatment and postconditioning on renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats,aged 3-4 months,weighing 220-300 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =8 each):sham operation group ( group S),I/R group,dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (group Pre) and dexmedetomidine postconditioning group (group Post).The rats were anesthetized with phenobarbital sodium 65 mg/kg.Renal I/R was produced by occlusion of both renal pedicles for 60 min followed by 48 h reperfusion.Dexmedetomidine 50 μg/kg was given intraperitoneally at 30 min before ischemia and at the beginning of reperfusion in Pre and Post groups respectively.The concentrations of serum creatinine and blood urea were determined at 0,24 and 48 h of reperfusion (T1-3).The renal tissues were obtained at the end of reperfusion for microscopic examination and detection of apoptosis by TUNEL assay.Acute kidney tubular necrosis was scored and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,and acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly increased in I/R,Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R group,the concentration of serum creatinine and blood urea at T2.3,acute kidney tubular necrosis score and AI were significantly decreased in Pre and Post groups ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine pretreatment and postconditioning can attenuate renal I/R injury through inhibition of cell apoptosis in rats.

Objective To analyze CT and MRI manifestations of the aneurysmal bone cyst and to evaluate the value of its imaging diagnosis.Methods The manifestations of CT and MRI of the aneurysmal bone cyst confirmed by operation or puncture were analysed retrospectively.Results On CT images,there were obvious liqued-liqued level within the lesions in 16 cases,in which,the CT values in up part was lower than that in low part,and there were obvious soft tissue mass in secondary aneurysmal bone cyst.While,on MRI,all lesions appeared obvious liqued-liqued level except one secondary example,and the soft tissue mass of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst was clear showed.Conclusion Most of aneurysmal bone cyst appear liqued-liqued level within the lesions on CT and MRI,it is a characteristic sign,but not the only one.

Objective To explore the effect of damage control surgery (DCS) in the treatment of severe electric burn. Methods Retrospective analysis on clinical data of 45 patients with severe electric burn was con-ducted. According to implementing DCS or not , patients were separated into DCS group and control group. In DCS group, tangential excision and transplanted xenogenic acellular dermal matrix was conducted for severe electric burn cases with deep Ⅱ degree wound, and escharectomy and VSD dressing for Ⅲ~Ⅳ degree electric contact burn wound at the first stage then skin-grafting or skin flap-grafting on the secong stage was applied. For control group , debridement, tangential excision or escharectomy and skin-grafting or skin flap-grafting to close the wound were conducted. We compared the difference in terms of operation time, length of stay, disability rate, mortality and complications between 2 groups. Results The operation time, incidince of disability and complications in DCS Group obviously decreased but there was no difference in length of stay and mortality in both groups. Conclusion DCS is effective for reducing complications and optimizing therapeutic effect for severe electric burn patients.

Objective: To explore clustering and risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) carriage among kindergarten children in Liuzhou. Methods: Two sided nasal swabs were collected from 1 702 children in Liuzhou from April to June 2018. Parents of all the children were investigated by questionnaires. The random effect Logistic regression was used to analyze the clustering and risk factors of S. aureus carriage. Results: The carriage rate of S. aureus among kindergarten children was 16.3%. The randomeffect Logistic regression model indicated that the class-level random effect of S. aureus carriage among children was statistically significant(Z=2.12, P<0.01). Children aged 6 to 7 years (OR=2.18, 95%CI=1.45-3.27) and 5 years (OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.08-2.50) had higher carriage rates of S. aureus than those aged 3-4 years. The history of antibiotic using (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.05-2.01) and skin and soft tissue infections (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.04-1.79) in the previous year were risk factors of S. aureus carriage among children. Conclusion The class level clustering of S. aureus carriage is observed in healthy children. Age, history of antibiotic usage and history of skin and soft tissue infections are associated with risk of S. aureus carriage among preschool children.

Objective: To investigate the role of bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX) in the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) from mouse mononuclear-macrophages induced by endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its related mechanism. Methods: Mouse mononuclear-macrophages RAW264.7 were inoculated in 6-well plates and routinely cultured for the following experiments. (1) Cells were collected and divided into blank control group, LPS control group, and 75, 750, 7 500, 75 000 nmol/L BMX-IN-1 pretreatment groups according to the random number table, with 8 wells in each group. Cells in blank control group were routinely cultured for 25 h. Cells in LPS control group were routinely cultured for 24 h and stimulated by LPS in the final mass concentration (the same below) of 0.1 μg/mL for 1 h. Cells in the latter 4 groups were pretreated with BMX-IN-1 in the final molarity (the same below) of 75, 750, 7 500, 75 000 nmol/L for 24 h and stimulated by 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. The mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells in each group was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to screen the optimum concentration of BMX-IN-1. (2) Cells were collected and divided into LPS control group and 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 h BMX-IN-1 pretreatment groups according to the random number table, with 8 wells in each group. Cells in LPS control group were stimulated by 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. Cells in the latter 5 groups were pretreated with optimum concentration of BMX-IN-1 for 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 h respectively and stimulated by 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. The mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells in each group was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR to screen the optimum time for BMX-IN-1 pre-treatment. (3) Cells were collected and divided into blank control group, BMX-IN-1 control group, LPS control group, and BMX-IN-1+ LPS group according to the random number table, with 16 wells in each group. Cells in blank control group were routinely cultured for the optimum time plus 1 h. Cells in BMX-IN-1 control group were pretreated with BMX-IN-1 in the optimum concentration for the optimum time and then routinely cultured for 1 h. Cells in LPS control group were routinely cultured for the optimum time and then stimulated by 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. Cells in BMX-IN-1+ LPS group were pretreated with BMX-IN-1 in the optimum concentration for the optimum time and then stimulated by 0.1 μg/mL LPS for 1 h. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR, and the activity of BMX and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were determined by Western blotting, with 8 samples in each determination. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and LSD test. Results: (1) Compared with that in blank control group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells was significantly increased in the other 5 groups (with P values below 0.01). Compared with that in LPS control group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells was decreased in each BMX-IN-1 pretreatment group, but only the mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells in 75 000 nmol/L BMX-IN-1 pretreatment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The optimum concentration of BMX-IN-1 was 75 000 nmol/L. (2) Compared with that in LPS control group, the mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells was not significantly changed in 2 and 4 h BMX-IN-1 pretreatment groups (with P values above 0.05) but significantly decreased in 8, 12, and 18 h BMX-IN-1 pretreatment groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The mRNA expression of TNF-α of cells in 12 h BMX-IN-1 pretreatment group was the lowest. The optimum time for BMX-IN-1 pre-treatment was 12 h. (3) The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β of cells in BMX-IN-1 control group were 0.97±0.13 and 0.98±0.06, respectively, which were similar to 1.00 of blank control group (with P values above 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β of cells in LPS control group were 2.97±0.17 and 3.07±0.60, respectively, while those in BMX-IN-1+ LPS group were 2.31±0.94 and 2.55±0.73, respectively, with the 4 values significantly higher than those in blank control group (with P values below 0.01). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β of cells in BMX-IN-1+ LPS group were significantly lower than those in LPS control group (with P values below 0.05). The activity values of BMX and p38MAPK of cells in BMX-IN-1 control group were 0.95±0.19 and 0.98±0.18, respectively, which were close to 1.00±0.14 and 1.00±0.22 of blank control group (with P values above 0.05). The activity values of BMX and p38MAPK of cells in LPS control group were 1.98±0.33 and 2.05±0.34, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of blank control group (with P values below 0.01). The activity values of BMX and p38MAPK of cells in BMX-IN-1+ LPS group were 1.00±0.17 and 1.67±0.27, respectively, which were obviously lower than those of LPS control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusions BMX can increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β from mouse mononuclear-macrophages induced by LPS, which may be associated with the activation of the p38MAPK pathway by BMX.

Objective:To understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gastrointestinal salmonella infection . Methods:The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal salmonella infection in Enteric Diseases Clinic of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan Uninversity during 1998 and 2013 ,were retrospectively analyzed .Results:During 1998 and 2013 ,235(96 .17% was recent 8 years) cases with Salmonella infection were checked out from patients with diarrhea in Enteric Diseases Clinic of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University .Most of the cases(96 .17% ) were checked out dur‐ing 2006 and 2013 .The annual high prevalence of salmonella infection was during May and October .The onset of salmonella infection was mainly 12‐24 h after eating salmonella contaminated food .The manifestation was mainly abdominal pain ,diarrhe‐a ,and fever .Daily defecation times were from 3‐4 times to 20‐30 times .Watery stool was most often found ,while mucous stool or bloody purulent stool was accidently found .The variation of patients’ temperature was between 38℃ and 39 .4℃ .It might be accompanied by chill .Once infected with salmonella ,the symptoms of healthy adults would last for 2~5 days till re‐covery .However ,the symptoms of old and infirm ones would last for a long time .Severe vomit and diarrhea might cause se‐vere dehydration .Conclusions:To understand the clinical manifestations ,the features of onset ,and the epidemiological charac‐teristics ,is conducive to the early clinical diagnosis and therapy .

Objective To investigate the effective interval of programmed intermittent epidural bolus(PIEB)in labor analgesia with ropivacaine and hydromorphone.Methods A total of 101 puerpera with singleton pregnancy,head position,aged 20-40 years,BMI 20-35 kg/m2,ASA physical status Ⅰ orⅡ,gestational age 37-42 weeks,were randomly allocated into five different PIEB intervals groups:PIEB 40 minutes group(group P40,n=20),PIEB 50 minutes group(group P50,n=19),PIEB 60 minutes group(group P60,n=20),PIEB 70 minutes group(group P70,n=20),and PIEB 80 minutes group(group P80,n=22).The PIEB dose was fixed at 10 ml with the first bolus given 1 hour after the initial manual loading dose with subsequent boluses continued at intervals according to different group allocation.Analgesia was provided using PIEB with 0.1％ropivacaine combined with hydromorphone 15 μg/ml for a total of 12 ml.Based on effective analgesia rate(proportion of women who do not require additional analgesic drugs by the end of the first stage of labor).Probit regression was used to estimate median effective interval(EI50)and 90％effective interval(EI90).VAS pain scores before analgesia,20 minutes,1 hour,2,3,and 4 hours,at full opening of the cervix were recorded.The highest level of sensory blockade and motor blockade(modified Bromage score)were recorded,maternal adverse effects were recorded.Neonatal weight,1 minute and 5 minutes postnatal Apgar scores were recorded.Results Effective analgesia rates were 95.0％,84.2％,70.0％,55.0％,and 50.0％in groups P40,P50,P60,P70,and P80,respec-tively.The EI50 and EI90 were 76.5 minutes(95％CI 69.0-93.9 minutes)and 43.4 minutes(95％CI 17.6-52.7 minutes)analysing by Probit regression.There were no significant differences in VAS pain score at different time,maximum sensory block plane,modified Bromage score,incidence of maternal adverse re-actions and neonatal conditions between the two groups.Conclusion The EI50 and EI90 of PIEB 0.1％ropiv-acaine combined with hydromorphone 15 μg/ml for labor analgesia were 76.5 minutes(95％CI 69.0-93.9 minutes)and 43.4 minutes(95％CI 17.6-52.7 minutes),respectively.