Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of bacterial infectious diarrhea.Methods The clinical and pathological characteristics of 2380 cases of bacterial infectious diarrhea in Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University from 1998 to 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.Enumeration data were analyzed by X~2 test.Results Among the 20 169 patients who went to hospital because of diarrhea in 10 years,2380 cases fecal bacterial culture were positive,including Vibrio parahaemolyticus(2247 cases,94.4%),Shigella(99 cases,4.2%),Salmonella (29 cases,1.2%),Vibrio alginolyticus(3 cases),pathogenic Escherichia coli(2 cases).Patients with diarrhea were common from June to 0ctober in each year.The main manifestations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection were abdominal pain,diarrhea,nausea,vomit or dehydration.The main manifestations of Shigella infection were fever,abdominal pain and diarrhea.Conclusions The bacterial culture positive rate of stool samples from patients with bacterial infectious diarrhea is not high in Jinshan district.Shanghai.The major pathogens are Wbrio parahaemolyticus and Shigella.

Objective:To understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gastrointestinal salmonella infection . Methods:The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal salmonella infection in Enteric Diseases Clinic of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan Uninversity during 1998 and 2013 ,were retrospectively analyzed .Results:During 1998 and 2013 ,235(96 .17% was recent 8 years) cases with Salmonella infection were checked out from patients with diarrhea in Enteric Diseases Clinic of Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University .Most of the cases(96 .17% ) were checked out dur‐ing 2006 and 2013 .The annual high prevalence of salmonella infection was during May and October .The onset of salmonella infection was mainly 12‐24 h after eating salmonella contaminated food .The manifestation was mainly abdominal pain ,diarrhe‐a ,and fever .Daily defecation times were from 3‐4 times to 20‐30 times .Watery stool was most often found ,while mucous stool or bloody purulent stool was accidently found .The variation of patients’ temperature was between 38℃ and 39 .4℃ .It might be accompanied by chill .Once infected with salmonella ,the symptoms of healthy adults would last for 2~5 days till re‐covery .However ,the symptoms of old and infirm ones would last for a long time .Severe vomit and diarrhea might cause se‐vere dehydration .Conclusions:To understand the clinical manifestations ,the features of onset ,and the epidemiological charac‐teristics ,is conducive to the early clinical diagnosis and therapy .

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants. Methods The clinical data of 815 late preterm infants (449 males and 366 females) from 25 hospitals in Beijing were collected from October 2015 to April 2016, including 340 cases(41.7％) with hyperbilirubinemia (hyperbilirubinemia group), and 475 cases without hyperbilirubinemia (control group). The clinical data of two groups were compared, and the maternal factors influencing hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants were analyzed with logistic regression. Results There were no significant differences in gender ratio (M:F 1.39 vs. 1.12, t=1.811,P=0.172)and birth weight[(2502.6±439.6)g vs. (2470.2±402.9)g,χ2=2.330,P=0.127)]between two groups. The incidence rates of hyperbilirubinemia in infants of 34 wks, 35 wks and 36 wks of gestational age were 22.9％(87/174), 35％(119/300) and 42.1％(143/341) respectively (χ2=1.218,P=0.544). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maternal age(OR=1.044,95％ CI:1.010-1.080,P=0.011)was independent risk factor and multiple births(OR=1.365,95％CI:0.989-1.883,P=0.048), premature rupture of membranes(OR=2.350,95％ CI:1.440-3.833,P=0.001), cesarean section(OR=1.540,95％CI:0.588-4.031,P=0.014)were risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants. Conclusions The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants is relatively high. Maternal age, multiple births, premature rupture of membranes and cesarean section are risk maternal factors related to hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants.

Objective:To study the respiratory morbidity and the risk factors of respiratory complications in late-preterm infants.Methods:The data of 959 late-preterm infants in 21 hospitals in Beijing from October 2015 to April 2016 were collected.These infants were divided into the respiratory morbidity group (237 cases) and the control group (722 cases) according to whether they had short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Clinical data of the two groups were compared.Results:Among the 959 late-preterm babies, 530 were male and 429 were female.Two hundred and thirty-seven cases (24.7%) developed short-term respiratory morbidity after birth.Infectious pneumonia developed in the most cases (81 cases, 8.4%), followed by transient tachypnea (65 cases, 6.8%), amniotic fluid aspiration (51 cases, 5.3%), and respiratory distress syndrome (24 cases, 2.5%) successively.All the infants recovered and discharged.There were no differences between gender and maternal age between 2 groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, more late-preterm infants were delivered by cesarean section (73.4% vs.59.7%, χ2=14.43, P<0.001) and the 1-minute Apgar score was lower [(9.41±1.66) scores vs.(9.83±0.53) scores, t=5.40, P<0.001] in the respiratory morbidity group.The differences were statistically significant.There were more cases with maternal complications in the respiratory morbidity group that in the control group (66.7% vs.58.6%, χ2=4.877, P=0.027), but no difference in various complications between 2 groups was observed ( P>0.05). In the respiratory morbidity group, the most frequent complications were maternal hypertension and preeclampsia (27.8% vs.22.6%, χ2=2.728, P=0.099). There were no differences between 2 groups in gestational age, birth weight and birth length (all P>0.05). There were more infants small for gestational age and large for gestational age in the respiratory morbidity group than in the control group (18.8% vs.14.1%, 6.3% vs.2.4%, χ2=8.960, P=0.011). The duration of hospitalization of the respiratory morbidity group was significantly longer than that of the control group [(9.00±4.42) d vs.(6.82±4.19) d, t=6.676, P<0.001] since the infants with respiratory morbidity needed to be hospita-lized. Conclusions:Respiratory diseases occur in about 1/4 of late-preterm infants.Infants who are delivered by cesarean section and whose mothers are complicated with the maternal hypertension and preeclampsia should be monitored closely.Respiratory support should be provided for infants not appropriate for gestational age who are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases, so that they can successfully pass through the transition period.