To investigate the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from bile, the bile from the surgical in-patients with bile duct infection from June 1995 to December 1998 was cultured and the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the isolates (not including anaeobes) were analyzed. The results showed that the cultured positive rate in the specimens was 69. 76 % (143/205). Among the isolates, most of them were E. coli and P. aeruginosa (31. 74 % and 18. 56 %, respectively), while Enterobacter, K. pneumonia and Enterococci were also commonly seen. All the isolates were resistant more or less to the commonly used antibiotics.

This paper analyzed the 15-year exploration and practice in Zhenjiang City on the reforms of the healthcare reform From the perspectives of the role and impact exerted by medical insurance in hospitals,as well as main challenges and countermeasures or recommendatioas of this regard,the paper discussed the development relationship among public hospitals,healthcare system reform and medical insurance.Main points include the following:orchestrated development between hospitals and medical insurance;establishment of an equal negotiation mechanism between hospitals and medical insurance;establishment of a beneficary system adaptable to medical insurance capacity;establishment of a scientific and feasible pattern of fees settlement and payment;hospitals are expected to deepen the reform and better management,playing the role of providing quality medical services and reasonably controlling medical costs.

Aim To study the effect and investigate the underlying mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ on contraction and relaxation in isolated rat aortic rings.Methods The relaxation effect of astragaloside Ⅳ(1～100 mg?L~(-1))on phenylephrine-preconstricted aorta ring was recorded.The effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on the contraction induced by cumulative phenylephrine,KCl or CaCl_2,was recorded respectively.Results Astragaloside Ⅳ dilated aortic vessels in a dose-dependent manner,which was partly inhibited by preincubation with non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor,guanylyl cyclase inhibitor and cyclooxygenases inhibitor indomethacin.Astragaloside IV could also antagonize phenylephrine-,KCl-and CaCl_2-induced vessel contraction.Conclusion Astragaloside IV dilated aortic vessels partially though endothelium-dependent NO pathway and inhibited vessel contraction via interfering Ca~(2+) influx.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical feature among patients with infectious fever and the antimicrobial resistance of infection pathogens.METHODS A retrospective analysis was carried out among 70 cases during recent 3 years.RESULTS The 70 strains of pathogens were isolated from blood and/or bone marrow cultures of 70 patients with infectious fever,40 strains(57.1%) were Gram-positive cocci,in which 8 strains were Staphylococcus aureus,and 32 strains were coagulase negative staphylococci(CONS);30 strains(42.9%) were Gram-negative bacilli,of which the Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the main microorganisms,53.1% of CONS were resistant to oxacillin.There were 5 strains of Gram-negative bacilli that were suspected to produce extended spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),which were resistant to multiple antibiotics,the most active agent against these Gram-negative bacilli with ESBLs was imipenem.CONCLUSIONS The bacteria are mainly Grampositive cocci for the patients with infectious fever in the infectious wards.The Gram-negative bacilli with ESBLs show more multi-drug resistance,we should rationally select antibiotics and decrease the occurrence of drug resistant strains.

To explore how to assess objectively the effect of swallowing treatment by a case study of one female patient with nasopharynx cancer after radiotherapy; the swallowing treatment include: dilatation of cricopharyngeal muscle (total 44 times), larynx raising method, tongue base exercises and acupuncture [main aperture:Jin-jin, Yuye(EX-HN12), Lianquan(CV23), Fengchi(GB20), Yamen(GV15), Baihui(GV20)], mainly using the videofluoroscopy to testify curative effect; the results demonstrated the duration of swallowing thick barium (270% w/v) including oral transit time plus pharyngeal transit time shortened 14.3%, distance of larynx raising increased 36.7%, oral and pharyngeal residue reduced 10% compared with that before treatment, all these data totally explained the swallowing function improved a little, but not significantly. The research testify the measuring parameter with videofluoroscopy can be used to assess the swallowing function and curative effect objectively.
Aged ; Deglutition Disorders ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Radiation Injuries

Objective To analyze the mechanism of fentanyl combines midazolam,by comparison with some of the commonly used anesthetic method to determine in the ethical advantages of anesthesia.Methods 45 rats were randomly divided into three groups,Group A:1％ anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital 40 mg/kg; Group B:5 ％ ketamine 120 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection; Group C:midazolam 5 mg/kg + fentanyl 0.05 mg/kg Last intravenous anesthesia.Observe the effects of anesthesia.Results The rats which are used of fentanyl conbines midazolam anesthesia,the onset of anesthesia time:0.02 ± 0.03 min,maintenance of anesthesia time:89.73 ± 22.59 min,the the narcotic operation time:1.51 ± 0.30 min,the success of anesthesia cases:15 cases.Conclusions Fentanyl combines midazolam compared with the currently used method of anesthesia,the advantages of the more prominent,it has significant improvement and protection about the security,utilization and recovery ethics in experimental rats.

Aim To study the oxygen free radical scavenging activities and antilipid peroxidation of nicotinic acid. Methods High lipid models of quail were induced by high fat diet. Five groups were divided, namely control group, high lipid group, NA group(150 mg?kg-1 and 75 mg?kg-1), and Vit E group (100 mg?kg-1). The contents of TC,TG,MDA and activities of SOD were examined for 3 times in the plasma and liver after administering NA for 9 weeks. Results The results showed the increase of TC,TG and MDA contents and decrease of SOD activities in high lipid groups by 3 weeks high fat diet. After administering NA for 3 weeks, NA reduced TC,TG and MDA contents and increased SOD activities, revealing the relationship to dose-dependence. Conclusion NA is most likely to possess the capabilities of anti-oxygen free radicals and anti-lipoperoxidation to hyperlipodemia quail.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible contribution of OprD expression and metallo-?-lactamases(MBLs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical stains resistant to imipenem.METHODS Clinical strains resistant to imipenem were screened for MBLs production by a disk diffusion synergy test and subjected to PCR assays with primers specific for MBLs.Sequence analysis was provided to identify the prevalence of MBLs gene.Biochemical properties of MBLs were determined by ?-lactamase assays with crude preparations of ?-lactamases.Expression of OprD2 was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.RESULTS Among 128 imipenem resistant strains,7(5.4%) and 10(7.8%) isolates were positive for VIM-2 and IMP-1 genes,respectively.Crud extraction of ?-lactamases showed imipenem-hydrolyzing activity and could be inhibited by treatment with EDTA.In these imipenem-resistant clinical isolates,OprD2 protein was low-expressed in 10 isolates(7.8%) and normally expressed in 12 isolates(9.3%) but not expressed in 106 isolates(83.3%).However,17 isolates(13.3%) of MBLs producing strains were all lack of OprD2 expression.CONCLUSIONS Reduced or lack of OprD2 expression is the essential mechanisms for most imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of P.aeruginosa.blaVIM-2 And blaIMP-1 are prevalent in P.aeruginosa clinical resistant strains and may lead to nosocomial infection.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of clusterin with and without leader sequence on overexpression preventing apoptosis in human prostate LNCaP cells. Methods:The plasmid pIRES2 EGFP was used to generate the clusterin expression constructs with full length or without the leader sequence (designated as pIRES2 EGFP/cluac, pIRES2 EGFP/clubc, respectively). Western blot analysis was employed to compare clusterin expression levels in the lysis and supernatant fluid of clusterin transfected LNCaP cells in vitro . The distribution of different functional domains of clusterin in cells was detected with Immunocytochemical staining. The clusterin's protective role of Na 2SeO 3 induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells was examined by flow cytometry (FCM) and fluorescence microscope. Results: Clusterin expression was detected in the lysis and supernatant fluid of pIRES2 EGFP/cluac transfected LNCaP cells, while clusterin was found only in lysis liquid of pIRES2 EGFP/clubc transfected LNCaP cells, but not found in their supernatant fluid. The distribution of cluserin in the plasm of pIRES2 EGFP/cluac transfected cells was aggregative, and on the other hand, clusterin distributed dispersedly in pIRES2 EGFP/clubc transfected cells. Its anti apoptotic property in LNCaP cells was proved by FCM and fluorescence microscope.Conclusion: It is apparent that clusterin plays an important role in preventing apoptosis in prostate cancer, and the presence of the leader sequence is necessary for clusterin's anti apoptotic function.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into improving human nutrition and health. Methods: The permanent residents at ages of 18 to 64 years were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method from 13 counties (districts) of Hangzhou City from June to July, 2021. Participants' demographics and awareness of nutrition and health knowledge were collected using the Questionnaire on Nutrition and Health Knowledge among Chinese Adult Residents, and the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was analyzed among participants with different demographic features. Results: A total of 5 106 questionnaires were allocated, and 4 920 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.36%. The respondents included 2 575 men (52.34%) and 2 345 women (47.66%), and had a mean age of (39.89±12.85) years. The median score of nutrition and health knowledge was 67.50 (interquartile range, 16.50) points, and the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was 24.49%, while the awareness of dietary recommendation, food characteristics, nutrition and disease, food choice and food safety was 15.89%, 16.77%, 54.17%, 26.36% and 60.69%, respectively. The awareness of nutrition and health knowledge was significantly lower among men than among women (21.01% vs. 28.32%, P<0.05), and among urban residents than among rural residents (22.94% vs. 27.34%, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among residents in terms of age, occupation and educational level (P<0.05). Conclusions Age, gender, region, occupation and educational level may affect the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hangzhou City. Health education about nutrition and health knowledge requires to be reinforced with adaptations to characteristics of residents.