Objective To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic changes in cervical and retrobulbar vessels and asymmetric diabetic retinopathy.Methods Color Doppler imaging(CDI) was used to quantitate diameter(D),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end diastolic velocity(EDV) and resistance index of the common carotid artery(CCA),the internal carotid artery(ICA),the ophthalmic artery(OA) and the central retinal artery(CRA),to quantitate diameter,velocity of central retinal vein(CRV),and to check carotid atherosclerosis in 12 patients with asymmetric diabetic retinopathy.Results The detection-rate of CCA and ICA atherosclerosis plaques was significantly increased in backgroud DR(41.7%)compared with that in proliferation DR(66.7%).There was a significant decrease in both PSV and EDV in OA in background diabetic retinopathy(BDR)(20.02±5.32 cm/s,5.26±2.15 cm/s) compared with PDR(27.23±12.20 cm/s,6.23±2.67 cm/s,P<0.05).There was a significant decrease in both PSV and EDV in CRA in BDR(6.44±1.78 cm/s,2.03±1.49 cm/s) compared with PDR(8.41±2.05 cm/s,2.66±0.67 cm/s,P<0.01).Conclusion The imbalance of perfusion in two eyes in diabetic patients might be one of the causes resulting in the asymmetric diabetic retinopathy

Objective To evaluate the use of endoscopy in assessment of invasion depth of colorectal flat lesions and in choice of treatment strategy. Methods The invasion depth of 222 colorectal flat lesions from 188 patients was endoscopically estimated by pit patterns, air-induced deformation testing and/or lifting sign. The lesion was endoscopically rosected if both tests were positive, otherwise, surgery was applied. The pathological evaluation of resected lesion was made according to WHO criteria and was used as a reference of tumor invasion depth. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of airinduced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were calculated. Results The air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign were both positive in 212 cases, in which 192 were treated with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 15 with endoscopic piecemeal mucosal resection (EPMR), 2 with additional surgery after EPMR and 3 with surgery only. Either air-induced deformation tesring or lifting sign was negative in 10, in which 4 cases underwent surgical resection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign in prediction of invasion depth of tumors were 97.2%, 44. 4%, 97.6% and 40. 0%, respectively. Conclusion Endoscopic air-induced deformation testing and lifting sign can be used to predict invasion depth of colorectal flat tumors, which can guide instant therapeutic strategies and avoid excessive or insufficient treatments.

Objective Comparing three screening schemes of colorectal cancer in general population to provide scientific basis for coiorectal cancer screening in communities. Methods Questionnaire screening among high-risk population and immunoassay fecal occult blood test (FOBT) were used for colorectal cancer detection. Colonescopy and pathological test were considered as gold standard of screening results. Results Nine coloreetal cancers and 796 colorectal adenomas were detected in 68 953 participants. Mean onset age of coloreetal adenoma was 7. 7 years earlier than colorectal cancer. For questionnaire and FOBT,the sensitivity was 44.4% ,77.8% and 100.0% ,while the specificity was 98.6%, 95.5% and 94.4%, respectively. The Youden index of questionnaire, FOBT, and questionnaire-FOBT sequential method was 0.4,0.7,and 0.9,and the likelihood ratio ( +/- ) was 32.7/0.6,17. 2/0.2,and 17.8/0.0,respectively. When 50 was used as initial age of screening, screening receivers accounted for 9.7% ,and 66. 7% colorectal cancer could be detected. When 40 was used as initial age of screening, screening receivers and cost increased by 57.1% ,and only 11.1% more patients with colorectal cancer could be detected. Conclusions Questionnaire-FOBT sequential method has high sensitivity and specificity of colorectal cancer screening. Screening at 50 year-old may be better for community residents. The time of colorectal adenoma developed to colorectal cancer is about 8 years.

Objective To explore the variation trends of interleukin-1β( IL-1β) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in both normal and affected sides of brain tissues in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury and the therapeutic action of electroacupuncture.Methods The cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established with suture embolization in the right middle cerebral artery.The rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and electroacupunture group.Each group was then divided into six subgroups by the time after operation (12 h,24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h,144 h), ten rats in each subgroup. Frozen sections of brain tissues were prepared and the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 in brain tissues of both sides were detec-ted by immunohistochemistry.Results The expressions of IL-1βand ICAM-1 showed typical bimodal pattern in both affected is-chemic region and contralateral normal region.In the model group, the peaks of IL-1βin the cerebral ischemic region were at 12 h and 48 h, while in the contralateral normal region the peaks were at 12 h and 144 h, the expression of IL-1βin the ischemic region was significantly higher than that in the contralateral normal region at 48 h (P<0.05), and lower at 96 h and 144 h (P <0.05).In the electroacupuncture group, the expressions of IL-1βin the ipsilateral region were significantly lower than that in the contralateral region at 24 h, 48 h and 144 h (P<0.05).In the model group, the peaks of ICAM-1 in the cerebral ischemic regions were at 24 h and 72 h, while in the contralateral normal regions the peaks were at 24 h and 144 h.In the electroacupunc-ture group, the expressions of ICAM-1 in the ischemic regions were significantly lower than that in the contralateral normal re-gions at all the 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 144 h (P<0.05).Conclusions Our findings suggest that electroacupuncture may inhibit the inflammation of ischemia/reperfusion brain tissue through reducing the expression of IL-1βand ICAM-1 to relieve the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characters of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in children with influenza-like illness (ILI).Methods A total of 1 164 throat swabs were collected from children with ILI symptoms in Children's Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2011 to December 2012.hMPV was detected by using nucleic acid assay,the fusion (F) protein gene of hMPV was amplified by RT-PCR,gene sequencing was performed and the sequences were compared with those in GenBank.Positive rates of hMPV in different age groups were compared with Chi-square test.Results Among 1 164 samples,hMPV was positive in 73 (6.27％) samples.hMPV infection was the most popular in ＞2-4 y age group (33/220,15.0％),and the positive rates of hMPV in different age groups were of statistical significance (x2 =40.69,P ＜ 0.05).hMPV infection occurred throughout the year,but it was most common in winter and spring.The highest incidence of hMPV infection was observed in December 2012 (12/51,25.53％).Among 24 samples of hMPV,14 were with genotype B1,2 were with genotype B2,and 8 were with genotype A2.The most common genotype was B1 in 2011 (10/12),and A2 in 2012 (8/12).Homology between nucleotide sequences of the 24 samples of hMPV were 81.6％ to 100.0％.Conclusions hMPV infection exists in children with ILI in Hangzhou,and the epidemic seasons are winter and spring.hMPV infection is more likely to be found in children aged 2 to 4 years old,and different genotypes may predominated alternately.

Objective To apply color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to the follow-up observation of the changes of cervical vessel,intracranial hemodynamics and cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CVR) of the patients after carotid artery stent implantation.Methods Totally 96 patients with carotid artery stent implantation underwent CDFI and TCD examinations,and the changes of hemodynamics were compared before and 1 month,6 months,1 a and 2 a after implantation.Results The values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) and resistance index (RI) at the areas of carotid stenosis were lower significantly than those before implantation,while the values of PSV,pulsatility index (PI) and CVR of the middle cerebral artery were obviously higher than those before implantation (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the cervical and intracranial hemodynamics indexes 1 month,6 months,1 a and 2 a after treatment.Two-year follow-up found 4 cases of restenoses after implantation,and the rate for restenosis was 4.2％.Conclusion Carotid artery stent implantation improves significantly cervical and intracranial blood supply as well as CVR of the carotid stenosis patient,and CDFI combined with TCD can be used for the accurate evaluation of the efficacy and postoperative follow-up of carotid artery stent implantation.

Aim To determine the protective effect of NADPH oxidase against focal cerebral ischemia/reper-fusion ( I/R) injury in rats. Method A thread occlu-sion method was used to make a middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO ) model. Apocynin ( 2. 5 mg · kg-1 ) was injected by tail vein 15 min before ischemi-a. Then, the neurological behavior, cerebral infarction volume, pathological morphological changes and the expression of Cx36, PKC, Bax, Bcl-2 of rats were de-tected after ischemia for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Results Compared with cerebral I/R group, administration of apocynin significantly reduced the neurological behavior scores and the cerebral in-farction volume percentage, alleviated the pathological morphological damage, increased the protein expres-sion of Cx36 and PKC, and reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ra-tio of rats with focal cerebral I/R injury. Compared with apocynin group , apocynin combined with PKC inhibitor significantly reduced above protective effects. Conclusion Inhibition of NADPH oxidase could alle-viate cerebral I/R injury, increase the levels of Cx36, PKC proteins and reduce the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

Aged ; Bone Marrow ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the breeding conditions of mosquitoes and larvaes in 12 schools in Xuhui District of Shanghai before and after the beginning of summer term, and to provide basis for mosquitoes control in schools. Methods We used stratified random sampling to select 4 schools from each of the categories: kindergartens, primary and secondary schools, colleges and technical secondary schools in Xuhui District in August and September 2019.We used the methods of human landing catch, visual evaluation and ladling to investigate the breeding conditions of mosquitoes and larvaes before and after the beginning of summer semester. Results The mosquito density was 10.50 (per person per time) after the beginning of term, lower than 19.00 (per person per time) before schools opening, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.20, P < 0.05).The positive rate of larvae breeding in small-scale ponds after the beginning of term was 31.47%, lower than 44.23% before the schools opening, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=4.22, P < 0.05).The positive rate of larval breeding in medium and large static water was 14.00% after the beginning of term, lower than 17.86% before the schools opening, and the difference was no significant (χ²=1.03, P=0.31). Conclusion Schools need to take the following actions: to focus on the work to manage mosquito breeding sites on campus before the beginning of the term; to strengthen the daily work of environment control; to establish a model of prevention and control in cooperation with multi-medical and educational departments, and to form a collaboration system in application of drugs to rain-water catch basin sand in other mosquito control work in residential areas.

Objective To investigate the principal indicators of self-care ability in activities of daily living for the persons with physical disability. Methods Persons with physical disability were asked to select the top 3 items out of 27 items of activities of daily living in 3 levels. Results A total of 1960 questionnaires were send out, and 1862 were returned. For all the subjects, the items related with personal hygiene, such as toileting, self-cleaning and bathing, were selected 899 times (16.1%). The items related with personal health, as visiting community clinics and community exercising, were selected 570 times (10.2%). The items related with social interaction, as making a telephone and chatting, were selected 500 times (9.0%). For the persons with physical disability of first grade, the major items most selected were eating, entertaining, self-cleaning and transferring; and self-cleaning and housework for those of second grade; self-cleaning, community activities and housework for those of third grade; and community and interaction for those of fourth grade. Conclusion The persons with physical disability mostly focused on the activities related with personal hygiene, health and social interaction, and varied with the severity of disability, from self-cleaning to housework and social participation.