Objective To establish the functional constipated mouse model by compound diphenoxylate, and explore the anti-constipation effect of black garlic polysaccharide. Methods Mouse small intestine ink propulsion experiment and mouse defecation experiment were carried out respectively. The mice in each experiment were randomly divided into blank group, model group, positive group and black garlic polysaccharide （0.25, 0.5, 1 g/kg） groups. Mice in blank group and model group were given distilled water, and in positive group were given lactulose oral solution. Compound diphenoxylate （5 mg/kg） was intragastric administrated after 1 week of administration, and small intestine propulsion experiment and defecation experiment were conducted respectively. Results Compared with model group, intestinal propulsion rate of black garlic polysaccharide groups was significantly increased and first dejection time was significantly shorten, and the number, weight and fecal water content increased significantly at 6 h in middle and high dose groups. Conclusion Black garlic polysaccharide could promote intestinal propelling, shorten defecation time and increase fecal water content.

Background Aedes albopictus is the dominant mosquito species in residential areas in Shanghai. There are many types of small containers with accumulated water in residential areas, providing a large number of breeding environments for Aedes alpopicuts and leading to an increasing transmission risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Objective To use random forest to predict breeding of Aedes mosquitoes in small aquatic container habitat in two concentrated reconstruction communities of rural areas in Shanghai, and to understand associated influence of environmental factors on the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes in the process of urbanization.Methods Small-scale habitat surveys of Aedes mosquitoes were carried out in two suburb concentrated reconstruction communities (Community A and B) in Shanghai, and the environment where the habitat was located was recorded and analyzed in both communities. The habitat where eggs, larvae, or pupae were found was recorded as positive. Spatial weight matrix was applied on a household basis, and global Moran's I index was used to carry out spatial autocorrelation analysis on the small-scale habitat and positive habitat in the environment of the two communities. When Moran's I is greater than 0, it means that the data present a positive spatial correlation; when Moran's I is less than 0, it means that the data are spatially negatively correlated; when Moran's I is 0, the spatial distribution is random. Combining the results of P and Z values, we explored the spatial distribution characteristics of small-scale habitat and positive habitat in the community environment. Random forest algorithm in machine learning was used to classify and sort environmental-related factors, and predict the breeding of Aedes mosquitoes in small aquatic habitat; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to carry out model fitting evaluation. Results The environmental factors including building location (χ²=23.35, P<0.001), open space (χ²=8.83, P=0.003), and having trees (χ²=11.02, P=0.001) had a significant impact on the positive rate of small-scale habitat. The results of spatial characteristics analysis showed that the global Moran's I index of small-scale habitat was −0.092 (Z=−1.09, P=0.274) in Community A and 0.034 (Z=0.52, P=0.602) in Community B, and the global Moran's I index of positive habitat was −0.092 (Z=−1.14, P=0.255) in Community A and 0.070 (Z=0.95, P=0.342) in Community B. Since the P values of Community A and B were greater than 0.1 and the Z values were between −1.65 and 1.65, for both small-scale habitat and positive habitat the spatial characteristics were randomly distributed and no significant spatial aggregation was found. In the fitted random forest algorithm classification prediction model with the top 10 characteristic factors of importance, the area under curve (AUC) value was 0.95, and the prediction fitting effect was satisfactory. The results of classification and sorting indicated that counts of household small-scale habitat and positive habitat were the most important factors for breeding. Conclusion The random forest model constructed by environmental factor indicators can be used to predict the breeding situation of Aedes mosquitoes in small-scale aquatic habitat, and provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of mosquito breeding for the target area.

The acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults have a higher rate of neurological injury and early death compared with atlas or axial fractures alone. Currently, the diagnosis and treatment choices of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults are controversial because of the lack of standards for implementation. Non-operative treatments have a high incidence of bone nonunion and complications, while surgeries may easily lead to the injury of the vertebral artery, spinal cord and nerve root. At present, there are no evidence-based Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults. To provide orthopedic surgeons with the most up-to-date and effective information in treating acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults, the Spinal Trauma Group of Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the field of spinal trauma to develop the Evidence-based guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults ( version 2023) by referring to the "Management of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults" published by American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)/Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) in 2013 and the relevant Chinese and English literatures. Ten recommendations were made concerning the radiological diagnosis, stability judgment, treatment rules, treatment options and complications based on medical evidence, aiming to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of acute combination fractures of the atlas and axis in adults.

Objective:To analyze the significance and factors influencing of CT scan under the modified Valsalva maneuver. Methods:Clinical data of 52 patients with hypopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed from August 2021 to December 2022 were collected, all patients had calm breathing CT scan and modified Valsalva maneuver CT scan. Compare the exposure effect of the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall, and glottis with each CT scanning method. The effects of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, tumor site, and T stage on the exposure effect were analyzed. Results:In 52 patients, 50 patients（96.15%） completed CT scan at once time. The exposure effect of the CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver in the aryepiglottic fold, interarytenoid fold, postcricoid area, piriform fossa apex, posterior hypopharyngeal wall was significantly better than CT scan under calm breathing（Z=-4.002, -8.026, -8.349, -7.781, -8.608, all P<0.01）, while CT scan under modified Valsalva maneuver was significantly worse in glottis than CT scan under calm breathing（Z=-3.625, P<0.01）. In the modified Valsalva CT scan, age had no obvious effect on the exposure effect. The exposure effect was better with long neck length, smaller neck circumference, smaller BMI and smaller T stage. The exposure of postcricoid carcinoma was better than pyriform sinus carcinoma and posterior hypopharyngeal wall carcinoma. But differences were not all statistically significant. Conclusion:The anatomical structure of the hypopharynx was clearly under CT scan with modified Valsalva maneuver, which clinical application is simple, but the effect of glottis was worse. The influence of age, neck circumference, neck length, BMI, and tumor T stage on the exposure effect still needs further investigation.
Humans ; Hypopharynx/diagnostic imaging* ; Valsalva Maneuver ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/surgery* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Carcinoma

Objective To study the effect of traditional Chinese medicine, Syngnathus on learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in aging mice and its mechanism of action. Methods HPLC was used to determine the content of DHA, the active ingredient in anti-learning and memory impairment in Syngnathus. The aging mouse model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-gal). Morris water maze test and Western blot were used to detect the ability of learning and memory, biochemical indicators and protein expression related to oxidative damage in the hippocampus, and to explore the protective effect and mechanism of Syngnathus on learning and memory impairment in aging mice. Results HPLC results showed that the DHA content in Syngnathus was 7.761 3 mg/g (calculated as crude drug), accounting for about 47% of the total composition. Morris water maze results showed that Syngnathus could reduce the escape latency of learning and memory-impaired aging mice and increase the target quadrant swimming time, the proportion of swimming distance and the number of times of crossing the platform, and improve the learning and memory impairment of mice. In addition, Syngnathus can activate the AKT/FOXO1/SOD2 signaling pathway in the hippocampus of aging mice with learning and memory impairment, promote the expression of oxidative stress pathway-related proteins, and improve the learning and memory impairment in aging mice by reducing the degree of oxidative damage in the hippocampus of aging mice. Conclusion This study found that Syngnathus is rich in DHA, which has the effect of improving learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in aging mice, and preliminarily clarified that its mechanism of action is related to anti-oxidation. Experimental evidence is provided.

This study evaluates the static balance ability of human body based on lower limb rehabilitation robot.According to the balance parameters obtained from the movement trajectory of the center of human pelvis, SPSS statistical software was used to verify that there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Principal component analysis is used to allocate the weight of each parameter and establish the comprehensive evaluation value. The comprehensive evaluation value of the control group was 0.383±0.038, and the experimental group was 0.875±0.136. When the subject's comprehensive evaluation value is between 0.739 and 1.011, it indicates the presence of balance dysfunction, and when it is between 0.345~0.421, it indicates that the balance of the lower limbs of the subject is normal. Experimental results show that this evaluation method can objectively and quantitatively reflect the static equilibrium state of human body.
Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Movement ; Pelvis ; Postural Balance

Objective:To understand the status of synthetic drug use， high-risk sexual behavior and associated factors among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Shanghai. Methods:MSM subjects were recruited， by a team of non-governmental organizations （NGO）， at MSM places and voluntary counseling and testing clinics from May to December 2018. The subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire survey on social-demographic， ways to make friends， synthetic drug use， high-risk sexual behavior， and HIV/STD testing history. They also received tests of HIV and syphilis. According to the use of synthetic drugs， they were divided into user group and non-user group. Results:A total of 209 subjects were recruited. Among them， 43.1% （90/209） used at least one synthetic drug. 81.3% （170/209） of MSM used internet dating software. The proportion of synthetic drug use was higher among the subjects in 30-34 age group， residence registered in other provinces， with university degree or above， occupation of cadres and staff members， monthly income of more than 10 000 yuan， making friends through gay bars， and acquaintance with male partners. The registered residence in other provinces （OR=3.006） and making friends through gay bars （OR=3.588） were independent factors. The top three synthetic drugs were Rush （90.0%， 81/90）， Viagra （8.9%， 8/90） and “capsule 0” （7.8%， 7/90）. The proportion of having sex after using synthetic drugs was 89.5% （17/19）. The frequency of high-risk sexual behaviors such as oral sex， anal sex without condom and group sex was once a day per person on average. Conclusion:The use of synthetic drugs is prevalent among MSM， and the frequency of high-risk sexual behaviors after use is high. Warning education on the dangers of synthetic drug use and mobilization for HIV testing should be carried out with the help of new media technology. Special attention should be paid to MSM people in high-income occupations and gay bars.