Objective To study the efficacy and repeatability of the Limb X Film Measuring Plate (LXMP)in clinical x film measurement of lengths and angles of limbs.Methods The LXMP was de- signed and manufactured for testing.Three known points in 9 templates were taken as golden standards.which were to be compared with measuring results of these projected points on the X film for testing efficacy of LXMP.Twenty-one patients with knees osteoarthritis were selected.The lengths and angles of their lower limbs were measured twice with the help of LXMP by an observer at different time intervals for testing in. Tra-observer repeatability.Two observers measured once on films at the same time for testing inter-observer repeatability.The correlation coefficients,mean absolute difierences between the repeated measurements,and error rate were calculated. Results The points on LXMP could be seen clearly on X film.Validation tests showed the differences in angle measurement between golden standards and measuring results for those pro- jeted points on the X film were insignificant.with mean absolute difference being O.10.-0.21,error rate being 0.12%-3.15%and r being close to 1.The differences in length measurement were insignificant ei- ther,with mean absolute differenee being 0.05 cm-0.16 cm.error rate being 0.12%-o.28%and r being close to 1.The intra-observer repeatability test for beth angles and lengths showed that r was close to I.mean absolute diffefences 0.55.and 0.1-0.37cm and error rate 0.3l%-O.97%.while the inter-observer re- peatability test showed that r was close to 1.mean absolute difierences o.39.and0.05-0.13cm and error rate O.16%-O.35%. Conclusion The Limb X Film Measuring Plate Can be used for accurately mcasuring limb lengths and angles with good efficacy and repeatability.

Venous thromboembolism is a common comorbidity in neurosurgery department that can lead to life-threatening pulmonary embolism, endangering patient health. The unique characteristics of neurosurgical conditions often present a high risk of bleeding, which complicates the treatment of venous thrombosis. Although numerous observational studies and meta-analyses support the feasibility of initiating early anticoagulation prevention or treatment after hemorrhage stabilization in intracranial hemorrhagic conditions such as traumatic brain injury and cerebral hemorrhage, there is a lack of high-quality clinical research. As a result, neurosurgeons tend to adopt a conservative approach regarding pharmacological prophylaxis and anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism. Key aspects such as the timing of prevention, monitoring, and discontinuation of treatment still require high-quality research to establish definitive guidelines.

With the aging population, the burden of diseases such as atrial fibrillation and venous thrombosis is gradually increasing. Anticoagulant therapy has a positive significance in preventing ischemic stroke, pulmonary embolism, and other related conditions in these patients. However, anticoagulant therapy can have the opposite effect on diseases caused by intracranial hemorrhage, such as falls in the elderly, cerebrovascular accidents, and car accidents. It is still difficult to determine whether and when to restart anticoagulation after cerebral hemorrhage. Although most studies have shown that restarting anticoagulant therapy can reduce stroke risk without significantly increasing bleeding risk, they are mostly based on observational studies, so more high-quality research is needed to guide clinical decision-making. This article reviews the research progress on restart anticoagulation, aiming to provide some assistance for clinical applications.

This article summarizes and analyzes the reported synthetic routes of brivudine in patent and literature.2′-Deoxyuridine was employed as starting material, affording brivudine through iodization, heck coupling, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, bromination and recrystallization.After optimization of reaction conditions of each step, a synthetic route suitable for industrial production was achieved with simple synthetic process, high yield and excellent purity.