Malachite green (MG) is a dye which has been widely used as a topical fungicide and antiseptic in aquaculture throughout the world. Now,MG has become a highly controversial compound due to its potential highly residual and toxic characteristics in recent years. In the paper,the advances in toxicity,toxicological mechanism,detection methods,metabolism and removal of malachite green and its metabolite were reviewed,and the problems in aquaculture and the safety of aquaculture technology were discussed,in order to make us be aware of potential hazard of malachite green and provide a dependable evidences of safely breeding in aquatic products.

Subject recruitment is an important part of clinical researches. It should follow the ethical principles of fairness and representativeness. The recruitment process should pay attention to protecting the privacy of sub-jects. Various recruitment materials must be approved by the ethics committee before use. Whether could recruit el-igible subjects during Phase I clinical trials will have a significant impact on the results, which should attract the relevant persons′attention including the ethics committee, researchers, clinical research associate and the sponsor.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the changes of plasma B-type natriuretic paprid and NT-pro BNP levels in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods 120 consecutive patients hospitalized for CHF were retrospectively studied.NT-pro BNP and LVEDD,LVESD,LVEF were measured and compared in 120 patients and 50 normal control subjects before medical treatment and on discharge.Results The plasma NT-pro BNP levels in patients with CHF were significantly higher than controls( P <0.05).The plasma NT-pro BNP levels in patients with cardiac function NYHA Ⅰ were significantly higher than controls( P < 0.05).As the cardiac function deteriorated from NYNA Ⅰ to NYNA Ⅳ,the NT-pro BNP levels increased consecutively with significant differences from each other ( P < 0.05).The plasma NT-pro BNP levels was low when CHF was cured ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Determination of plasma NT-pro BNP levels in patients with CHF were helpful to study the severity and prognosis of disease.

Objective:With selenomethionine as reference,we investigated the bioavailability and toxicity of methylselenocysteine. Method:Selenium retention,glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities were tested to compare bioavailability. Acute toxicity and short-term selenium-tolerance were studied to compare toxicity. Results:Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine were comparable in ability of increasing selenoenzymes. Selenomethionine caused much higher selenium retention,especially at higher levels and lower toxicity indicated by acute toxicity and short-term selenium-tolerance. Conclusion:Compared with selenomethionine,methylselenocysteine has equal efficacy on selenoenzymes with the characterization of less retention,but higher toxicity.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an acute,progressive and inflammatory process of lung injury.The disease is very serious with the neonatal mortality as high as 30％-60％.In recent years,with the development of the study on the mechanisms of newborns with acute respiratory distress syndrome,a lot of new viewpoints on diagnosis and treatments have been explored.This review focuses on the recent advances on new mechanisms,diagnosis and therapy strategies of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Sample of Pingle Jiegu Dan was extracted with methanol, n-butyl ethanol and absorbed with coarse-hole resin, and its total saponin content of notoginseng was determined with spectrophotometry. The result was reproducible. This method effectively excludes the interferential elements in a complex preparation and can be employed as a method for quantitative analysis. Meanwhile, it also provides a reference for the quantitative analysis of preparation containing notoginseng.

Objective To study the time-and dose-effect of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 4934 bp and 4977 bp deletions in the human peripheral blood irradiated by137 Cs γ-rays,and to evaluate its implication in biological dosimetry.Methods The peripheral blood from five healthy adults was collected and irradiated with γ-rays.The peripheral blood of one healthy adult was irradiated with 5 Gy and cultured for 2,24,48 and 72 h after irradiation.The peripheral blood from the other four healthy adults was cultured for 2 h after 0,0.5,1,2,5 and 10 Gy irradiation.The peripheral blood mtDNA 4934 bp and 4977 bp deletions were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis.The doseeffect curves were fitted using Curve Expert 1.4 Software.Results mtDNA 4934 bp and 4977 bp deletions were induced at 2 h post-irradiation and the mtDNA 4934 bp deletion had relative high levels at 2 h and 48h after radiation (t =10.782 and 8.966,P ＜ 0.05),and mtDNA 4977 bp deletion reached the highest level at 48 h after radiation (t =7.433,P ＜0.05).mtDNA 4934 bp (t =2.895-8.105,P ＜0.05) and 4977 bp deletion (t =3.006-7.715,P ＜0.05) irradiated at 0.5-10 Gy increased with a dosedependent manner.The incidence of mtDNA 4977 bp deletion was higher than that of 4934 bp deletion for those samples exposed with same dose of irradiation,especially at 10 Gy (t =2.919,P ＜ 0.05),which suggested that 4977 bp deletion might be more sensitive than 4934 bp deletion at high dose.But larger individual differences were found in 4977 bp deletion compared with 4934 bp deletion.The dose-effect equations for 4934 bp deletion and 4977 bp deletion were Y1 =1.178 + 0.1219D (R2 =0.9269) and Y2 =1.2578 +0.1933D (R2 =0.9016),respectively.Conclusions The induction of mtDNA deletion was correlated with radiation dose,and thus it may be a available method for biological dose estimation and prognostic evaluation.

Based on how teachers apply educational technique in clinical education,we sum up experiences,deepen reformation and exchange concept to enhance the teachers’technical training of mordern education,improve their bility to create and apply clinical teaching from many respects such as guiding educational practice by teaching theory,and the actual effect of application

Objective To explore the improve mechanism of the cerebral blood stream state in patients with cervical dizziness(CD) after treatment combined with traction and heating acupuncture.Methods The results of transcranial Doppler(TCD) were compared in 53 patients with CD being treated with traction and heating acupuncture.Results The results showed that in 53 CD cases after treatment the velocity of the blood flow of double middle cerebral arteries,posterior cerebral arteries and right anterior cerebral artery were decreased remarkablely,besides this left anterior cerebral artery.The TCD examined results got near to normal value of contrast group(P

Objective:To detect the characteristics of bacteria in the feces of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to further discover the relationship between intestinal flora and the status of peripheral cytokine, which might be able to provide new ideas for clinical treatment.Methods:The bacterial diversity and abundance of 111 RA patients and 100 age-and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were detected by 16S high-throughput sequencing platform and compared. Based on the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing platform, the 16S rDNA V3 region in the participants' fecal specimens were analyzed and compared to screen for different bacterial groups. Alpha diversity was analyzed by the mothur software and the screening for different flora was tested by using Mann-Whitney, and the relationship between intestinal flora and peripheral cytokines were analyzed, too.Results:There was no significant difference in gender ( χ2=0.005, P=0.947) and age ( t=0.728, P=0.467) between the two groups. Patients with RA had a lower chao1 index ( Z=-2.188, P=0.029) and ACE index ( Z=-2.078, P=0.038) of species richness, and the Shannon index ( Z=-2.064, P=0.039) and Simpion index ( Z=-2.064, P=0.039) of diversity index in the feces compared with those of HC. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium ( Z=-2.388, P=0.017), Lactobacillus ( Z=-2.543, P=0.011), Clostridium sensu stricto ( Z=-3.842, P<0.01), Blautia ( Z=-2.064, P=0.039) , Clostridium Ⅺ ( Z=-2.682, P<0.01), Turicibacter ( Z=-2.437, P=0.015), Phascolarctobacterium ( Z=-3.524, P<0.01), Megasphaera ( Z=-2.87, P<0.01), Veillonella ( Z=-2.472, P=0.013), Citrobacter ( Z=-3.263, P<0.01) and Escherichia/Shigella ( Z=-4.265, P<0.01) in RA were significantly higher than those of HC ( P<0.05), Butyricimonas ( Z=-3.071, P=0.002), Odorbacter ( Z=-2.257, P=0.024), Blautia ( Z=-2.064, P=0.039), Clostridium_ⅩⅣb ( Z=-2.901, P<0.01), Lachnospiracea_incertae sedis ( Z=-2.159, P=0.031), Acetivibrio ( Z=-2.995, P<0.01), Butyricicoccus ( Z=-2.162, P=0.031) and Gemmiger ( Z=-2.949, P<0.01) relative abundance were significantly decreased in RA patients ( P<0.05). LEfSe analysis showed γ-proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceaehad the most significant difference between the two groups. Further, patients with high inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and TNF-α hada higher relative abundance of Prevotella. Conclusion:The diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in RA patients are significantly different from those of healthy population, which is closely related to the levels of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting imbalance of intestinal flora might be involved in the occurrence and development of RA.