Objective To investigate the effect of splenectomy on tau expression in rat hippocampus.Methods One hundred and five male SD rats aged 6 months weighing 350-400 g were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A control (n = 15); group B anesthesia (n =45) and group C surgery (n =45). The animals were anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated. In group B and C the animals were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane for 2 h. In group C splenectomy was performed. The animals were killed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after anesthesia and surgery. The hippocampi were immediately removed for determination of IL-1 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, expression of total tau, phosphorylated tau at Thr-205 and Ser-396 and activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β). Results There was no significant difference in the expression of phosphorylated tau at Thr-205 and Ser-396 between control and anesthesia groups. Surgery significantly increased the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α and induced rapid and massive hyperphosphorylation of tau at Thr-205 and Ser-396 epitope in the hippocampus and activation of GSK-3β. Conclusion Surgical trauma induces inflammatory response in hippocampus, activates GSK-3β and increases phosphorylation of tau.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous intravenous lidocaine administration during surgery for short-term pain control in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery, the postoperative use of opioid, and gastrointestinal function recovery. Methods Forty patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to lidocaine and control groups. Each group consisted of 20 patients. The lidocaine group received an intravenous injection of 2％ lidocaine 2 mg/kg during induction of anesthesia, followed by continuous pumping of lidocaine 1.5 mg/ (kg·h) till the end of surgery. In the control group, saline was used in place of lidocaine. The visual analogue scale (VAS), time of first defecation, amount of opioids used intraoperatively and postoperatively, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and lidocaine toxicity symptoms were recorded at 3 h, 12 h, 72 h, 5 d, 7 d, and 30 d after surgery, respectively. Results At3 h, 12 h, 72 h, 5 d, and 7 d (at rest), the VAS scores in the lidocaine group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜0.05). At 72 h (on walking) and 30 d after surgery, no significant differences in VAS scores were found between the two groups. In comparison with the control group, the dosage of opioids in the lidocaine group was significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.05), the recovery of gastrointestinal function was significantly faster (P ＜ 0.05), and the symptom of nausea and vomiting were significantly reduced in the lidocaine group (P ＜ 0.05). No symptoms of lidocaine toxicity were observed in either group. Conclusion Continuous intravenous lidocaine administration during surgery is beneficial for postoperative pain control after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. It can also reduce the use of opioids and accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

OBJECTIVETo compare the anaphylactoid effect of old Shengmai injection and new Shengmai injection on Cynomolgus monkey.

METHODCynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups, and were respectively injected with 5% glucose injection, old Shengmai injection, new Shengmai injection, positive control drug. The changes of each monkey were observed from injection before until 24 hours after injection, and the response level was determined according to the severity of the symptoms. Blood samples were collected before injection and at 10 min after injection for measuring histamine content in plasma. Blood pressure and heart rates were detected before injection and at 10 min after injection. Sensitization of the injection was comprehensively determined by combined the response level of symptoms and the histamine level.

RESULTThe Cynomolgus monkeys administrated with old Shengmai injection showed typical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions and the content of serum histamine is not more than doubled. The Cynomolgus monkeys administrated with new Shengmai injection showed untypical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions and the content of serum histamine did not rise.

CONCLUSIONThe old Shengmai injection can induce typical anaphylactoid reactions on Cynomolgus monkeys, and the sensitization ability is strong. The symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions induced by the new Shengmai injection appeared later and showed lesser degree with the sensitization lower.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Injections ; methods ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitization effect of different components of Shengmai injection (new production process) on Beagle dogs.

METHODBeagle dogs were randomly divided into 7 groups, 3 in each group. Each group was respectively injected with 5% glucose injection, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra extract, Ophiopogonis Radix extract, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus extract, Schisandrae Chinersis Fructus distillate, Shengmaifang, 0.2% tween 80. The changes of each dog were observed from injection before until 24 hours after injection, and the response level was determined according to the severity of the symptoms. Blood samples were collected before injection and at 10 min after injection for measuring histamine content in plasma by ELISA. Sensitization of the injection was comprehensively determined by combined the response level of symptoms and the histamine level.

RESULTOne dog of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra extract group showed untypical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions, and serum histamine of two dogs increased more than doubled. The Beagle dogs administrated with 0.2% tween 80 showed typical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions, while there was no significant increase of serum histamine. Other groups were observed with no typical anaphylactoid reactions.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitization effect of Shengmai injection (new production process) may be associated with Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Rubra extract and 0.2% tween 80.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Female ; Injections ; Male ; Random Allocation