Phage peptide libraries are collections of the specific length of short peptides,and they are based on phages as their carriers.They include mimotope libraries and peptide antibody libraries.Phage-displayed peptide libraries have been used to isolate specific ligands for numerous protein targets,and they have been proven useful in defining antigen momitopes,rapid determination of binding energetics at protein-protein interfaces,designing of vaccine and tumor research aspects.This review summarized the research progression of phage peptide library.

Objective : To investigate the role of hepatic long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 in key genes associated with glucose metabolism disorder induced by p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE). Methods: Human embryonic liver CCC-HEL-1 cells were divided into the DMSO group, 0.1 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group, 1 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group, 10 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group, small interference RNA (siRNA)+DMSO group and siRNA+10 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group. The promoter region methylation, mRNA expression and protein expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF2) were detected in CCC-HEL-1 cells using the bisulfite method, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay and BCA assay, respectively. The changes in H19 mRNA expression, the methylation of associated genes in the promoter region and transcriptional expression were compared in CCC-HEL-1 among groups. Results: Exposure to p,p′-DDE alone at different doses resulted in an increase in H19 expression, and the H19 mRNA expression was higher in the 10 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group than in the DMSO group [(1.31±0.25) vs. (1.02±0.22); P<0.05]. Lower methylation of the HNF4α gene in the pro moter region [(38.59±32.77)% vs. (61.43±24.64)%; P<0.05] and higher HNF4α mRNA expression [(1.33±0.26) vs. (1.03±0.28); P<0.05] were detected in the 10 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group than in the DMSO group, while no significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of the methylation of FoxO1 and IGF2 genes in the promoter region, FoxO1 and IGF2 mRNA and protein expression (P>0.05). Following siRNA-induced H19 knockdown, higher methylation of the HNF4α gene in the promoter region [(71.33±22.23)% vs. (38.59±32.78)%; P<0.05], lower HNF4α mRNA expression [(0.71±0.17) vs. (1.33±0.26); P<0.05], higher methylation of FoxO1 gene in the promoter region [(47.73±34.24)% vs. (25.09±25.35)%; P<0.05] and higher IGF2 mRNA [(1.39±0.25) vs. (0.80±0.20); P<0.05] were found in the siRNA+DMSO group than in the 10 μmol/L p,p′-DDE group, and higher IGF2 protein expression was detected in the siRNA+DMSO group than in the DMSO group [(1.03±0.11) vs. (0.74±0.12); P<0.05]. Conclusion Hepatic H19 may alter HNF4α, FoxO1 and IGF2 transcription and expression through mediating the methylation of genes in the promoter region, thereby playing a role in p,p′-DDE-induced glucose metabolism disorders.

Objective: To study the effects of nano red elemental selenium on liver protection, tumor inhibition and immune regulation. [WT5FZ]Methods: [WT5BZ]Models of acute liver injury induced by CCl 4, S 180 tumor growth and immune regulation were used. Results: Nano red elemental selenium could increase blood and liver Se contents, inhibit the increase of liver MDA and serum AST induced by CCl 4, decrease tumor weight and increase phagocytic ratio and NK cell activity in S 180 bearing mice, increase immune activities in normal mice. All these improvements were statistically significant (P

AIM and METHODS:The Ph.D.-7 phage display library was used to isolate peptides specific for glioma SWO-38 cell by whole cell screening.Moreover,binding efficiency analysis was carried out to test the binding specificity of the clones obtained. RESULTS: After three rounds of biopanning,a high concentration of phage clones was obtained and two of them were found to be highly specific to glioma SWO-38. CONCLUSION: Highly specific clones against neurtral glioma cells can be obtained from a phage display library by simple procedures.

Objective To campare the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) and International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) simple rules in the differential diagnosis of adnexal tumors . Methods For the 101 suspicious malignant adnexal tumors discovered by conventional ultrasound ,IOTA simple rules and CEUS were performed before operation . Tumors were divided into benign ,uncertain and malignant according to IOTA simple rules . Tumors were scored by CEUS according to the membrane integrity ,coating thickness uniformity ,separation enhancement ,enhance strength ( no enhancement ,low enhancement ,equal or high enhancement) ,and enhanced performance( uniform and non-uniform) . The ROC curve was drawn with the pathological results as the gold standard ,and the best boundary value was obtained . Finally ,the diagnostic efficiency of the diagnostic methods were analyzed . Results ①According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of IOTA simple rules was 0 .757( P ＝0 .000) . When the uncertainty type was classified as benign ,the random index was 0 .41 ,the sensitivity was 61 .54% ,and the specificity was 79 .59% . When the uncertainty type was classified as malignant ,the random index was 0 .31 ,the sensitivity was 96 .15% ,and the specificity was 34 .69% . When the uncertain types were excluded the Youden index was 0 .77 ,the sensitivity was 76 .19% ,and the specificity was 89 .47% . ②The differences in the membrane integrity , coating thickness uniformity , separation enhancement , enhance strength , enhanced performance between benign and malignant tumors were statistically significant( P ＜ 0 .01) . ③According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of CEUS was 0 .914( P ＝ 0 .000) ,cut-off value was 3 score . The Youden index ,sensitivity and specificity of evaluating benign and malignant adnexal tumors were 0 .80 ,78 .85% and 91 .84% respectively . ④ The tumors evaluated as benign by IOTA simple rules was classified as benign . The tumors evaluated as malignant by IOTA simple rules were classified as malignant . The tumors evaluated as uncertain by IOTA simple rules and scored less than or equal to 3 points according to CEUS were classified as benign . The tumors evaluated as uncertain by IOTA simple rules and scored more than 3 points according to CEUS were classified as malignant . According to the ROC curve analysis ,the area under the curve of CEUS combined with IOTA simple rules was 0 .831 ( P ＝0 .000) . The Youden index ,sensitivity and specificity in evaluating benign and malignant adnexal tumors were respectively 0 .66 ,86 .54% and 79 .59% respectively . Conclusions CEUS has a higher diagnostic efficiency than IOTA Simple Rules and the two combined in the diagnosis of adnexal tumors .

Objective:To understand the concentration level of radon and its progeny in outdoor air in Beijing area and to analyze the related variation pattern and influencing factors.Methods:The continuous measurement device for radon and its progeny concentration is used for the one-year continuous measurement at three points in different directions in Beijing area.Results:The annual concentration average value was (10.9±4.9) Bq/m 3 for radon and (5.8±3.4) Bq/m 3 for its progeny (equilibrium equivalent radon concentration EEC) in outdoor air in Beijing with the annual average value of 0.52±0.19 for equilibrium factor F. Clear diurnal variations of the concentrations of radon and its progeny was observed. Conclusions:The result of one-year continuous measurement show that the concentrations of radon and its progeny in the outdoor air in Beijing area are close to the world average, lower than the typical values in China given by grab sampling measurement. The daily variation pattern of radon and its progeny concentrations is similar to those at home and abroad. The seasonal variation pattern features local climate in Beijing.

Objective:To explore the effect of virtual reality (VR) on sleep quality, sleep structure and neuropsychological characteristics of patients with chronic insomnia.Methods:Fifty one patients with chronic insomnia enrolled from Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2021 to April 2022 were chosen; according to their wills, they were divided into VR combined drug treatment group ( n=26) and drug treatment group ( n=25). Patients in drug treatment group accepted non-benzodiazepine combined with melatonin receptor agonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor; in patients of VR combined drug treatment group, VR was added 30 min/d for 5 d/week on basis of above drug therapy. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI). Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to assess anxiety and depression. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Digital Span Test (DST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test A/B/C, Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLO), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were used to assess the overall and individual cognitive functions. Portable sleep monitor (PSM)-100A based on cardiopulmonary coupling technology was used to evaluate the sleep structure. Differences of subjective sleep quality, sleep structure, and neuropsychological characteristics were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment and in VR combined drug treatment group before and after treatment. Results:(1) After 6 weeks of treatment, compared with the drug treatment group, the VR combined with drug treatment group had significantly decreased scores of PSQI, ISI, HAMD and HAMA, increased total scores of AVLT immediate memory, scores of AVLT short delay recall, long delay recall and recognition, higher SDMT scores, increased correct times of DST reciting in reverse order, shorter time in TMT-A and TMT-B, higher proportion of high frequency coupled sleep (HF, stable sleep), lower proportion of low frequency coupled sleep (LF, unstable sleep), and decreased LF/HF ( P<0.05). (2) The VR combined with drug treatment group after VR treatment had significantly decreased PSQI, ISI, HAMD and HAMA scores, higher total scores of AVLT immediate memory, higher scores of AVLT short delay recall, long delay recall and recognition, shorter time in TMT-A and TMT-B, increased correct times of DST reciting in order and reciting in reverse order, and higher scores of JLO, Stroop Color Word Test A/B/C and SDMT, higher proportion of HF sleep, lower LF sleep, decreased LF/HF, and decreased arousal frequency compared with that before VR treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:VR combined with drug treatment can effectively improve the subjective sleep quality and sleep structure, reduce depression and anxiety, and improve memory and attention of patients with chronic insomnia.