Objective To study the effect of bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyphthlate (DBP) treated with Rat Liver S9 on proliferation MCF-7 cells. Methods Added the positive control 17?-estradiol (E2) and compounds of BPA and DBP with the effect of Rat Liver S9 to MCF-7 cells proliferation respectively and determinated the quantity of MCF-7 cells with MTT assay. Results The activity of E2 and DBP stimulated MCF-7 cells decreasing significantly with the effect of Liver S9 than without the effect of Liver S9, while BPA stimulated MCF-7 cells increasing significantly with the effect of Liver S9 than that without the effect of Liver S9. Conclusion E2 and DBP have a lower estrogenic activity with the effect of S9 than without the effect of S9. BPA shows a higher estrogenic activity with the effect of S9 than without the effect of S9.

AIM: To investigate the mutagenicity of cadmium and zinc and the effect of zinc on the mutagenicity of cadmium. METHODS: The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induced by cadmium, zinc and the combination of cadmium and zinc were observed in cultured human lymphocytes. RESULTS: Cadmium induced the increase in frequency of SCE in human lymphocytes from the concentration 1?10~(-8) mol/L to 1?10~(-6) mol/L, but zinc had a negative result. Zinc reduced the frequency of SCE induced by cadmium at the concentration from 1?10~(-6) mol/L to 1?10~(-4) mol/L and a relationship between dose and effect was also observed. CONCLUSION: Zinc inhibits the mutagenicity of cadmium in cultured human lymphocytes.

Background:Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease and its pathogenic mechanism has not yet been clarified. Intestinal mucosal immune function disorder may play a key role in the pathogenesis of UC. Aims:To investigate the effects of Wumeiwan on expressions of δ-opioid receptor(DOR),β-arrestin1 and Bcl-2 in rats with colitis. Methods:Fifty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group,Wumeiwan group, mesalazine group and blank group. Rats in model group,Wumeiwan group and mesalazine group were administered intrarectally with 5% TNBS and 50% ethanol to induce experimental colitis. After colitis models were established,rats in Wumeiwan group and mesalazine group were administered intragastrically with Wumeiwan and mesalazine suspension, respectively,and rats in model group and blank group were given intragastrically with 0. 9% NaCl solution,all for 15 days. On day 16,all the rats were sacrificed and colon samples were obtained. Protein and mRNA expressions of DOR,β-arrestin1 and Bcl-2 in colonic tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR,respectively. Results:The inflammatory injury in colonic tissue of rats with experimental colitis was significantly attenuated when treated with Wumeiwan,Protein and mRNA expressions of DOR,β-arrestin1 and Bcl-2 in colonic tissue of model group were significantly higher than those of blank group(P < 0. 05). Protein and mRNA expressions of DOR,β-arrestin1 and Bcl-2 in colonic tissue of Wumeiwan group and mesalazine group were significantly lower than those of model group(P < 0. 05), however,no significant differences were found between the two groups(P > 0. 05). Conclusions:DOR-β-arrestin1-Bcl-2 signal transduction pathway may play a central role in the pathogenesis of UC. Intervening this signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms of attenuating UC by Wumeiwan.

Objective : To investigate the effects of the exposure of sludge from sewage treatment plants and microplastic extracted from sludge on the oxidative stress levels in zebrafish, so as to put insights into the research into the impact of sludge and microplastics on human health. Methods : Adult wild AB zebrafish were exposed to five groups of sludge (0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 g/L) and four groups of microplastics extract from sludge (0, 240, 480, 960/L), with 24 zebrafish in each group. The color, activity and death of zebrafish were observed every day. The contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 7 d post-exposure. A two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of different concentrations and time of exposure on the indicators above. Results : Under 75 g/L sludge exposure, zebrafish began to show mortality at 72 h and all died after 7 d. The zebrafish in the other sludge groups and all microplastic groups had normal color and activity, and no mortality was observed. Sludge concentration interacted with exposure time to affect SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA (P<0.05). With increasing sludge concentration and exposure time, SOD decreased, MDA increased, CAT increased first and then decreased, GSH decreased first and then increased, and GSH continued to decrease since 24 h in the 75 g/L group. The microplastic concentration interacted with exposure time to affect SOD and GSH (P<0.05), but not CAT or MDA (P>0.05). With increasing microplastic concentration and exposure time, SOD and MDA increased, CAT increased first and then decreased, the GSH was slightly increased at 24 h and decreased after 72 h. Conclusion Both sludge and microplastics extracted from sludge can induce oxidative stress damage in zebrafish, and exposure time and concentration can interact to affect oxidative stress levels. The microplastics extracted from sludge have less effect on oxidative stress levels in zebrafish than sludge.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of compound Kushen Tang and its relevant mechanism in TNBS-in-duced ulcerative colitis ( UC) rats. Methods:UC was induced by TNBS in rats. After compound Kushen Tang was given orally, the levels of MDA, iNOS, and NO and the activity of MPO, SOD, and GSH-Px were measured. The general condition of rats and colon tissue morphology were observed. Results:The levels of MDA (P<0. 05), iNOS (P<0. 01) and NO (P<0. 01) and the activity of MPO (P<0. 01) in tissues of UC rats were significantly higher than the control group. The activity of SOD (P<0. 01) and GSH-Px (P<0. 05) were significantly lower than those in the control group. After the treatment with high doses of compound Kushen Tang, the levels of MPO (P<0. 01), MDA (P<0. 05), iNOS (P<0. 05) and NO (P<0. 01) were significantly decreased, and the activity of SOD (P<0. 01) and GSH-Px (P<0. 05) significantly increased. The therapeutic effect was dose-dependent and the general con-dition of rats and colon tissue morphology were also significantly improved. Conclusion:Compound Kushen Tang is considered as a no-vel therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of UC, which can reduce coloni inflammatory injury and ameliorate the colitis.

AIM: To study the pathological change in mouse organs immunitied by inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine. METHODS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine was injected into BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Anti-SARS antibody was analyzed by ELISA. After 8 weeks, the immunitied mice were killed and those organs were analyzed by pathological methods. RESULTS: Anti-SARS antibody in mice was positive after 8 days. Only minimal injury was observed in a few lungs and livers, but the other organs were not. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine induced mice to create antibody, whereas they did not cause severe injury. This result will be valuable for vaccine into clinical research. [

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Objective:To explore the effect of family empowerment model on the improvement of swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, further to explore its impact on patients′s wallowing function and life quality.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. From January 2021 to December 2022, 80 main caregivers of patients with dysphagia caused by manual stroke admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects, and 40 cases in the control group and 40 cases in the observation group were selected by random number table method. The control group were treated with conventional nursing care of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients in the acupuncture and moxibustion Department. On the basis of the conventional care in the control group, the observation group were treated with family empowerment model intervention for 14 days and was followed up for 28 days. Primary caregivers′ swallowing care ability, Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS), patients′ swallowing function rate, Swallowing Related Quality of Life (SWALQOL) were used to evaluate the effects before intervention and at the end of intervention.Results:There were 18 males and 19 females primary caregivers in the control group, aged (55.61 ± 7.43) years old. There were 18 males and 21 females primary caregivers in the observation group, aged (58.23 ± 8.22) years old. The swallowing care ability score showed a statistically significant difference between the observation group (143.47 ± 3.96) and the control group (107.74 ± 1.43) ( t=-26.76, P<0.05). After intervention, the caregiver preparedness scale was (26.11 ± 3.81) in the observation group, and (18.35 ± 4.54) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The patients′ swallowing function rate and SWALQOL score were respectively 97.44% (38/39) and (91.41 ± 8.08) points in the observation group, and 72.97% (27/37) and (80.33 ± 4.21) points in the control group, and the difference was both statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, t=-2.54, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of family empowerment model could enhance the swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of the first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, which could further improve patients′ swallowing function and life quality.