Objective To study the effects of traumatic optic neuropathy treated with optic canal decompression through transnasal endoscope.Methods The data of 10 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy treated with optic canal decompression by transnasal endoscope from April 2003 to February 2004 were retrospectively reviewed.Results In 10 cases,the visual acuity of six cases recovered,and four cases were not improved.Conclusion Optic canal decompression by transnasal endoscope and corticosteroids are beneficial in managing the optic neuropathy.

This article summarizes proposals of different international guidelines,clinical cases in clinical institutions at home and abroad and the latest research progress of tumor patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker.In addition,the various factors during the implementation of radiotherapy were analyzed.It is possible that reducing the risk grade and minimizing the unfavorable factors for pacemaker could be achieved by designing the scientific treatment plan and setting the reasonable radiotherapy plan.The radiotherapy plan can be established safely and effectively in malignant tumor patients with implanted pacemaker.

Objective To study the characteristics of hearing loss caused by local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea apical part of guinea pigs. Methods The local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea apical part of guinea pigs were caused by photochemical reaction. Morphological changes were observed by light microscope. The CAP - N1 amplitude, CAP - N1 latency, CAP - N1 threshold shift and CM amplitude which were evoked by short tone burst were recorded by Madsen 2250. Re- sults Histopathological changes showed that microthrombosis in the capillaries of stria vascularies and spiral ligment were located in the apical and third turn of cochlea. The CAP - N1 amplitude, CAP - N1 latency, CAP-N1 threshold shift and CM amplitude showed that the hearing loss was remarkable in the low - range frequencies. Conclusion When the local microcirculatory disor- ders in the cochlear apical part took place, the hearing loss was more marked in the low - range frequencies.

Objective To set up reliable cell culture methods of cochlear microvascular endothelial cells in guinea pigs.Methods The cochlear striae vascularies were acquired from guinea pigs with micrergy, the cells were cultured and pured by tissue nubbles cultivation and collagenase digestion.Results Two days after tissue nubbles cultivation of striae vascularis, cells grew at the edge of some tissue nubbles,and proliferated to massive colonies composed of more cells;Some islands made up of a few cells on the bottom of Petri dish were found one to three days after striae vascularies tissue was digested by collagenase;These cells were mainly polygon after purification, monolayer confluent culture cells showed typical "flagstone" appearance as cul tured endothelial cells. According to immunohistochemical detection of factor VIII, which is the mark antigen of endothelial cell, we had observed that the positive reaction cells with cytoplasmic brown pigment were over 95%.Conclusion Cochlear microvascular endothelial cells from guinea pigs can be acquired by tissue nubbles cultivation and collagenase digestion .

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of MDR 1 gene in cochlea lateral wall and the accumulation of adriamycin in endolymph of guinea pig.Methods Twenty four white guinea pigs with red eyes were randomly chosen,and administered an intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg adriamycin or N.S.The animals were sacrificed 24 hours later,the cochlea lateral wall was then immediately removed after the endolymph was drawn by the siphon from the basal turn of cochlea. The expression of the MDR 1 mRNA in cochlea lateral wall of guinea pigs were observed by RT-PCR.The ADM concentration in endolymph was measured by high performance liquid chromatography.Results The accumulation of adriamycin in endolymph negatively correlated with the expression of MDR 1 gene in cochlea lateral wall(r s=-0.901, P

Objective To create a method to assay adriamycin in endolymph of guinea pig cochlea,and provide methodology background to study the accumulation of ototoxicity substance in inner ear.Methods 12 normal guinea pig were killed quickly after 24 hours following adriamycin injection.The concentrate of adriamycin in endolymph of guinea pig cochlea was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results The linear relation of concentration of adriamycin in endolymph was well when the concentration was from 2.56 ng/mL to 1398.00 ng/mL.Correlation coefficient of linearity was 0.999 (n=10).The percentage of retrieve for adriamycin in endolymph was 96.3%.Relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.61%.The lowest limitation was 1.9 ng/ml .Conclusion The sensibility of HPLC is high,and it can accurately detect the concentration of adriamycin in endolymph of guinea pig cochlea,especially the adriamycin is administrated in vein.

Objective To examine the expression and the significance of mdr 1 mRNA in guinea pig cochlea lateral wall at different developmental stages.Methods Thirty white guinea pigs with red eye including three developmental stages were used in this study. The expression of mdr 1mRNA in the cochlear lateral wall was measured in situ hybridization and analyzed by the softeware of MPLAS-500.Results mdr 1mRNA was detected mainly in the endothelial cells.The expression intensity of mdr 1mRNA was different in guinea pig cochlea lateral wall at different developmental stages, mdr 1mRNA in 1～2 weeks group was significantly lower than that of 3-week-group and 4-week-group(P0.05).Conclusion mdr 1mRNA is found in the normal cochlea lateral wall cells. The expression intensity is different with the development of guinea pig cochlea lateral wall.

Objective　To study the characteristics of hearing loss caused by local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea of guinea pigs. Methods　The local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea basal turn near terminal or in the cupule of cochlea of guinea pigs were induced by photochemical reaction. The morphological changes in the cochlea were observed with light microscopy. The compound action potential N1 (CAPN1) amplitude, latency, threshold shift evoked by short tone burst were recorded by Madsen 2250 system. Results　When the local microcirculatory disorders took place in the cochlea basal turn near terminal, the hearing losses were more remarkable in the high-range frequencies, but with low-range ones to some extent. If the local microcirculatory disorders was induced in the cochlea cupule, the hearing losses were mainly in the low-range frequencies companying with some high-frequency ones. Conclusion　Local microcirculatory disorders in the different parts of the cochlea cause different types of hearing loss in different frequency.

Objective　To study the cochlea microvasculature permeability changes of the inner ear in guinea pigs, so as to clarify the possible role of the cochlea microvasculature permeability changes in the ischemic injury of inner ears. Methods　Modified method of Evans blue fluorescence was used to observe the changes of permeability of the cochlea microvasculature in the animal model of cochlea microcirculatory disorders which was caused by photochemical reaction. CAPN1 threshold was recorded by using Madsen 2 250 to study the hearing loss. Results　The amounts of Evens blue crossing the cochlea microvasculature were (1.709±0.769) and (2.849 ±0.653) μg/per animal 2 and 4 h after the development of cochlea microcirculatory disorder in guinea pigs, respectively (P<0.01); and their hearing loss were （24.44 ±7.27） and （38.33±7.91）dBpeSPL in 2 and 4 h, respectively (P<0.01)． Conclusion　The permeability of the cochlea microvasculature increases along with the duration of cochlea microcirculatory disorder occur and the increase of cochlea microvasculature permeability might be one of the important mechanisms inducing cochlear ischemic lesions.

Objective　To set up a reliable method for isolating and culturing cochlea microvascular endothelial cells. Methods　Cochlea stria was separated by micrergy from guinea pigs and the stria tissue nubbles were cultured in vitro. Results　Two days later, a few cells were seen disseminately around partial tissue nubbles and their number was increased with time prolongation. There were some cellular colonies consisted of large quantity of cells around the partial tissue nubbles on 10 th day. Under the inversion microscope, the single cultured cells presented a long fusiform and the confluent monolayer cells linked tightly and exhibited the typical structure of “scree” of cultured endothelial cells in vitro. After purification, over 95% of the cultured cells showed factorⅧ relative antigen positive reaction. Conclusion　The method used in this study can obtain cochlea microvascalar endothelial cells of guinea pig in vitro.