Objective To investigate the population density and seasonal fluctuations of Aedes albopictus in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, from 2021 to 2023, so as to provide insights into A. albopictus control and management of dengue fever. Methods The surveillance of A. albopictus density was performed in all surveillance sites assigned across all streets (townships) in Guangzhou City during the period from January to December from 2021 to 2023. The surveillance frequency was twice every half month from May to September, and once every month for the rest of a year. In each surveillance period, A. albopictus mosquito larvae were captured from indoor and outdoor small water containers in residential areas, parks, medical facilities, schools, other government sectors and social organizations, construction sites, special industries and others for mosquito species identification. Adult mosquitoes were captured using electric mosquito suction apparatus for species identification and gender classification. Adult mosquitoes and mosquito eggs were collected with mosquito and egg traps at the breeding and dwelling places of Aedes mosquitoes for identification. The mosquito oviposition index (MOI), Breteau index (BI), adult mosquito density index (ADI) and standard space index (SSI) were calculated. The A. albopictus density was classified into grades 0, 1, 2 and 3 in each surveillance site, with Grade 0 density defined eligible, and the eligible rate of A. albopictus density was calculated at all surveillance sites each year from 2021 to 2023. In addition, the changing trends in MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus were analyzed in Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023. Results The eligible rates of A. albopictus density were 61.69%, 68.75% and 55.15% in surveillance sites of Guangzhou City from 2021 to 2023 (χ² = 297.712, P < 0.001), and appeared a tendency towards a reduction followed by a rise each year, which gradually reduced since January, maintained at a low level during the period between May and October, and gradually increased from November to December. The MOI, SSI, BI and ADI of A. albopictus all appeared a tendency towards a rise followed by a reduction in Guangzhou City during the period between January and December from 2021 to 2023. The BI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (4.03), the first half of July in 2022 (3.89) and the last half of August in 2023 (5.02), and the SSI of A. albopictus peaked in the last half of June in 2021 (0.93), the last half of May in 2022 (0.59), and the last half of June (0.94) and the first half of September in 2023 (1.12). In addition, the MOI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of May in 2021 (8.64), the first half of June in 2022 (8.96), and the last half of May (10.21) and the last half of June in 2023 (10.89), and the ADI of A. albopictus peaked in the first half of June in 2021 (3.41), the last half of June in 2022 (4.06), and the first half of July in 2023 (3.61). Conclusions The density of A. albopictus is high in Guangzhou City during the period from May to October, and the risk of local outbreak caused by imported dengue fever is high. Persistent intensified surveillance of the density and seasonal fluctuation of A. albopictus is recommended and timely mosquito prevention and control is required according to the fluctuation in the A. albopictus density.

Objective To identify long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and investigate their mechanisms. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from RA-ILD patients (n＝3), RA patients without lung involvement (n＝3), and healthy controls (n＝3). Next-generation sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNA. A human fibrotic lung cell model was established by inducing the MRC-5 cell line with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Following siRNA-mediated knockdown of target genes, changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes were analyzed via real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays were used to validate protein expression, ubiquitination levels, and nuclear translocation of oxidative stress regulators, and antioxidant response element (ARE) transcriptional activity. Rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the role of target lncRNA in oxidative stress and inflammation in fibrotic lung cells. Results High-throughput sequencing revealed significant downregulation of LINC00638 in RA-ILD patients. Knockdown of LINC00638 markedly reduced transcriptional levels of interleukin (IL)-4, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), while increasing IL-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, LINC00638 knockdown decreased Nrf2 protein expression, increased its ubiquitination, reduced nuclear translocation, and suppressed ARE transcriptional activity. In MRC-5 cells, LINC00638 knockdown combined with N-acetylcysteine treatment restored Nrf2 and HO-1 levels while reducing IL-6 expression. Conclusions LINC00638 suppresses inflammatory responses in RA-ILD by activating the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:This study aimed to assess the effects of Peer Balint-style group on the empathy ability of third-year long-term medical students and to provide a theoretical and practical reference for effectively improving their humanistic quality.Methods:Ninety third-year Chinese long-term medicine students participated. Volunteers received either ten sessions of 1.5-h Peer Balint-style group which were led by specially trained peers from June 2019 to August 2019. The College Students' Empathy Ability Questionnaire was used before the experiment and the second day after the experiment. The total score of the scale from the pre-test and post-test and the scores of each dimension conformed to a normal distribution, with equal variance, describing in the form of ( x± s). Paired t-tests were performed to compare the total score and each dimension score before and after the intervention, using SPSS 22.0. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 peer-group leaders and group members after the clinical practice period. The interview materials were analyzed by traditional content analysis. The content of the qualitative research was open-coded to obtain 10 categories, suggesting the role and inadequacy of Peer Balint-style groups. Results:A total of 63 valid samples were obtained. There was no significant difference of ( t=-0.44, P=0.661, P>0.05) between the total score of the post-test (118.00±11.98) and the total score of the pre-test (117.38±12.36). In each dimension, the reverse comprehension score of post-test (9.06±1.97) was significantly different ( t=-2.08, P=0.041, P>0.05) from the pre-test's (8.57±2.15), which increased compared to the pre-test score. Conclusions:Peer Balint-style group had a positive effect on improving empathy among medical students. Compared with the traditional Balint group, it has wider coverage, higher affinity and greater mobility. However, the design of the Peer Balint-style group still needs to be further improved.

Objective:To investigate the application effect of case-based collaborative learning (CBCL) based on data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DKIW) model in the training of the informatization teaching ability of clinical teachers.Methods:From March to August in 2022, 71 clinical teachers from four grade A tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, China, were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into control group with 35 patients and experimental group with 36 patients using a random number table. The teachers in the control group received blended teaching online and offline, and those in the experimental group received CBCL teaching based on DIKW model. The two groups were compared in terms of theoretical assessment score, informatization teaching demonstration score, and informatization teaching ability score before and after intervention. SPSS 27.0 was used for the t-test and the Mann-Whitney U rank sum test. Results:Compared with the control group after intervention, the experimental group had significantly higher scores of theoretical assessment (83.50±3.11) and informatization teaching demonstration (84.19±1.89) ( P<0.05). After intervention, the control group had significant increases in the total score of informatization teaching ability (74.34±4.08) and the scores of each dimension (15.40±1.19, 19.29±1.62, 28.54±1.67, and 11.11±1.79), and the experimental group also had significant increases in the total score of informatization teaching ability (83.64±5.25) and the scores of each dimension (16.53±1.21, 20.94±1.98, 33.03±2.10, and 13.14±1.48); the experimental group had significantly higher scores than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The CBCL teaching model based on DIKW model can help to improve the comprehensive informatization teaching ability of clinical teachers.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of research on the use of cosmetic care in breast cancer patients.Methods:Using Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP and China Biology Medicine disc were searched for studies related to the application of cosmetic care in breast cancer patients. The search time limit was from the date construction to December 5th, 2023. The included literature were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 14 articles were included in this study. The intervention forms of cosmetic care were mainly education and training, group meetings, hands-on training, interviews, communication and sharing, lectures, and seminars; the content of the interventions included appearance knowledge training, image advice, make-up seminars, wig counseling and care, facial care, body care, face fixation, and prosthetic wear; and the endpoint indicators were mainly quality of life indicators, physiological indicators, psychological indicators, and social indicators.Conclusions:The content elements of the cosmetic care program were diversified, and the application of the program to breast cancer patients showed effectiveness in four aspects: quality of life, physiology, psychology, and society.

Objective We aimed to investigate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of modified Sijunzi Decoction(MSJZT),consisting of tangshen,India bread,largehead atractylodes rhizome,liquorice root,milkvetch root,ass hide glue,and India madder root,on the zebrafish intestinal bleeding model through 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and its receptors(5-HT2aR,5-HT2bR).Methods Zebrafish at 4 days post fertilization were used as the research object.An intestinal bleeding model was established by induction with 6 μmol/L simvastatin for 24 hours.The zebrafish were divided into normal group,model group,MSJZT low-,mid-and high-concentration groups(55.6,167,500 mg/L),and after modeling,the corresponding concentration of MSJZT was administered.The samples were collected after 24 hours.Platelet count(PLT)and bleeding status were observed.The content of 5-HT and Caspase 3/7 activity were detected by colorimetry.The gene expressions of 5-HT2aR,5-HT2bR and serotonin transporter(SERT)were detected by real-time PCR.The protein expressions of protein kinase B(AKT),phosphorylated AKT(p-AKT),extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK),and phosphorylated ERK(p-ERK)were detected by Western blotting.Results The intestinal bleeding rate in the model group was 70.0%,and that in the MSJZT low-,mid-and high-concentration groups was 36.7%,40.0%,and 80.0%,respectively;the intestinal hemostatic effect was 54%,52%,and 7%,respectively.Compared with the model group,the PLT in the MSJZT low-and mid-concentration groups decreased;the content of 5-HT in all MSJZT groups increased,and the gene expressions of 5-HT2aR and 5-HT2bR were up-regulated.The gene expression of SERT was up-regulated in the low-and mid-concentration groups;the Caspase 3/7 activity in the mid-and high-concentration groups was reduced;the expressions of p-AKT and p-ERK proteins were up-regulated in the low-and mid-concentration groups(all P<0.05).Conclusion MSJZT can reduce the incidence and severity of intestinal bleeding in zebrafish intestinal bleeding models.The mechanism may be achieved by activating AKT and ERK signaling pathways through 5-HT and its receptors.

Objective:To explore the association between polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)signaling pathway and non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P)among Asian populations,while considering gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction.Methods:A total of 1 038 Asian NSCL/P case-parent trios were ascertained from an international consortium,which conducted a genome-wide association study using a case-parent trio design to investigate the genes affec-ting risk to NSCL/P.After stringent quality control measures,343 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)spanning across 10 pivotal genes in the TGF-β signaling pathway were selected from the original genome-wide association study(GWAS)dataset for further analysis.The transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)was used to test for SNP effects.The conditional Logistic regression models were used to test for gene-gene interaction and gene-environment interaction.Environmental factors collected for the study in-cluded smoking during pregnancy,passive smoking during pregnancy,alcohol intake during pregnancy,and vitamin use during pregnancy.Due to the low rates of exposure to smoking during pregnancy and al-cohol consumption during pregnancy(＜3％),only the interaction between maternal smoking during pregnancy and multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy was analyzed.The threshold for statistical significance was rigorously set at P=1.46 × 10-4,applying Bonferroni correction to account for multiple testing.Results:A total of 23 SNPs in 4 genes yielded nominal association with NSCL/P(P＜0.05),but none of these associations was statistically significant after Bonferroni's multiple test correction.How-ever,there were 6 pairs of SNPs rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs1864615(TGFBR2),rs2796813(TGFB2)and rs2132298(TGFBR2),rs4147358(SMAD3)and rs1346907(TGFBR2),rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs1019855(TGFBR2),rs4939874(SMAD2)and rs12490466(TGFBR2),rs2009112(TGFB2)and rs4075748(TGFBR2)showed statistically significant SNP-SNP interaction(P＜1.46 × 10-4).In contrast,the analysis of gene-environment interactions did not yield any significant results after being cor-rected by multiple testing.Conclusion:The comprehensive evaluation of SNP associations and interac-tions within the TGF-β signaling pathway did not yield any direct associations with NSCL/P risk in Asian populations.However,the significant gene-gene interactions identified suggest that the genetic architec-ture influencing NSCL/P risk may involve interactions between genes within the TGF-β signaling path-way.These findings underscore the necessity for further investigations to unravel these results and further explore the underlying biological mechanisms.

Objective:To delve into the intricate relationship between common genetic variations across the entire genome and the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P).Methods:Utilizing summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies(GW AS),a thorough investigation to evaluate the impact of common variations on the genome were undertook.This involved assessing single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)heritability across the entire genome,as well as within specific genomic regions.To ensure the robustness of our analysis,stringent quality control measures were applied to the GWAS summary statistics data.Criteria for inclusion encompassed the absence of missing values,a minor allele frequency≥1％,P-values falling within the range of 0 to 1,and clear SNP strand orientation.SNP meeting these stringent criteria were then meticulously included in our analy-sis.The SNP heritability of NSCL/P was calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression.Addi-tionally,hierarchical linkage disequilibrium score regression to partition SNP heritability within coding re-gions,promoters,introns,enhancers,and super enhancers were employed,and the enrichment levels within different genomic regions using LDSC(v1.0.1)software were further elucidated.Results:Our study drew upon GWAS summary statistics data obtained from 806 NSCL/P trios,comprising a total of 2 418 individuals from the Chinese population.Following rigorous quality control procedures,490 593 out of 492 993 SNP were deemed suitable for inclusion in SNP heritability calculations.The observed SNP heritability of NSCL/P was 0.55(95％CI:0.28-0.82).Adjusting for the elevated disease pre-valence within our sample,the SNP heritability scaled down to 0.37(95％CI:0.19-0.55)based on the prevalence observed in the general Chinese population.Notably,our enrichment analysis unveiled significant enrichment of SNP heritability within enhancer regions(15.70,P=0.04)and super enhan-cer regions(3.18,P=0.03).Conclusion:Our study sheds light on the intricate interplay between common genetic variations and the risk of NSCL/P in the Chinese population.By elucidating the SNP heritability landscape across different genomic regions,we contribute valuable insights into the genetic basis of NSCL/P.The significant enrichment of SNP heritability within enhancer and super enhancer re-gions underscores the potential role of these regulatory elements in shaping the genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P.This paves the way for further research aimed at uncovering novel genetic pathogenic factors un-derlying NSCL/P pathogenesis.

Objective:To assess the reliability,and validity of the Chinese version of a short-form of Health Literacy Dental scale(HeLD-14)in 3-6 years old preschool children's parents.Methods:The study population consisted of those eligible 3-6 years old preschool children's parents in Yanqing Dis-trict,Beijing,China in 2021.A total of 1 479 preschool children's parents were surveyed by question-naire to understand the general situation of parents and oral health literacy related content.SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 7.4 were used for statistical analysis.Through Cronbach's α coefficient,confirmatory factor a-nalysis,Pearson correlation calculation,Student's t test and other methods,the internal consistency reli-ability,structure validity,calibration validity and discrimination validity of the scale were evaluated.Re-sults:The Cronbach's α coefficient of Chinese version HeLD-14 scale was 0.958,and Cronbach's α co-efficient of different constructs ranged from 0.778 to 0.963.The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of each item of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale were between 0.719 and 0.977(P＜0.001),root-mean-square error of approximation(RMSEA)=0.04,comparative fix index(CFI)=0.992,Tucker-Lewis index(TLI)=0.988,and the model had good goodness of fit.The total score of the Chinese version HeLD-14 scale and the scores of the dimension of concerning,understanding,sup-porting,financial burden,medical treatment,communication,and application were all positively correla-ted with general self-efficacy,and the correlation coefficients were 0.439,0.406,0.370,0.344,0.346,0.367,0.373,0.390,respectively(P all＜0.05).For parents in the high group with the top 27％HeLD-14 score,the average HeLD-14 score was 69.27±1.06,which was higher than the low group with the bottom 27％HeLD-14 score,41.29±11.09(t=48.13,P＜0.01).Conclusion:The Chinese version HeLD-14 scale has good reliability and validity in the 3-6 years old preschool children's parents,and can be used as a tool to assess the oral health literacy of parents of preschool children.

Attention deficit disorder(ADHD)is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood,which seriously affects the physical and mental health of children.Up to now,the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD are not clear,which is also the focus of global research.Animal model is an important carrier for basic research of ADHD,but the use of ADHD animal model is still controversial.This paper introduces the main emerging ADHD animal models in the world in recent years and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.The genetic model,environmental induction model and neurodevelopmental disorder model are introduced and summarized from three aspects:surface validity,construct validity and predictive validity.The purpose of this study is to find a suitable animal model for the basic research of ADHD and to provide reference for the basic research of ADHD in China.