One patient with congenital epidermolysis bullosa combined with pachyonychia was reported, and followed up for 11 years. The pedigree of the patient was investigated, and the loci of HLA-A, B antigens of 16 members of the pedigree were determined. The results showed that there were 60 members in the pedigree, among them 24 members had different kinds of skin diseases : 4 cases of epidermolysis bullosa combined with pachyonychia, 9 eases of albopapuloid form of epidermolysis hullosa combined with pachyonychia, 2 cases of icthyosis and 9 cases of pachyonychia simplex. The result of HLA-A, B antigens analysis of 16 members of the pedigree showed no evidence of the genes of these patients linked with HLA-A, B antigens.

90 years old patients was 13.04%.The longer the hospitalization time the incidence among inpatients longer than 60d was 43.51%,the higher was the hospital infection rate.CONCLUSIONS There are many risk factors inducing hospital infections among elderly,there fore the monitoring must be strengthened,and the disinfection isolation and asepsis must be strictly conducted,with limited invasive manipulations,reasonable use of antibiotics,and active treatment of the primary affection,all above can effectively reduce the occurrence of hospital infection among ellerly patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effective methods for medical personnel preventing and controlling the infection of HIV after occupational exposure. METHODS The 7 cases contacted the AIDS patients had been analyzed and a set of institutions and monitoring methods were established. RESULTS Because of the emergency measures,the 7 medical personnels hadn′t infected HIV for the 2 follow-up years. CONCLUSIONS To think highly of the safety education of occupational exposure and enhance the monitoring and management of HIV infection can decrease the occupational exposure rate and ensure the occupational safety of medical personnels.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the reasonable use of antibacterial in department of orthopedics.METHODS The patients in our department were registered according to the inventory of antibacterial use made by the hospital infection monitoring network of Medical Administration Bureau,Ministry of Health of the People′s Republic of China,the(operative) incision was classified according to Clinical Surgery.The data of reasonable use of antibacterial were(obtained) after evaluation and(analysis).RESULTS Of the 257 patients in our study,79.37% of them were used antibacterial,20.62% were not used antibacterial,24.50% were used antibacterial for therapy,75.49% were used antibacterial for infection(prevention);95.09% were used systematically;74.50% were reasonable(usage,) 25.49% were unreasonable usage;of the 204 patients who were used antibacterial,only 34 patients were tested by drug sensitivity trial,and the others were used by experience.CONCLUSIONS In order to use antibacterial reasonably,we suggest two points,one is that the medicine management department should workout a feasible antibacterial use institution and mass(evaluation) criterion,take mass examination regurally,and connect the bonus to the examination result;the other is that we should enhance the management of antibacterial market,avoid the improper competition,rise the morality view of the doctor,and suggest them to use antibacterial reasonably(according) to the scientific theory.

OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension,and find out the measures of prevention and control. METHODS The discharged patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension from Jan 2002 to Dec 2004 underwent retrospective investigation and analysis for the sites and reasons and the results of bacterial culture. RESULTS The incidence of the lower respiratory tract infection in patients with the cerebral hemorrhage and hypertension was 55.55%.Major infection factors correlated with neurogenic pulmonary edema, irritable hyperglycemia,bulbar paralysis,etc.The Gram-nagative bacteria were predominant among the pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The infections are interrelated with many factors.Abiding by the principle of using antibiotic and the strict aseptic manipulation may reduce the occurrence of the infection,but treating the primary affection and the comprehensive therapy are important measures for reducing infection.

Objective To investigate the oxidative damage of lead acetate and sodium arsenite to human immortalized keratinocytes line HaCaT and the protective effects of TFBP extracted from the leaves of broussoneria papyifera. Methods Cultured immotlalized keratinocytes line HaCaT were treated by 0.1 mmol/L lead acetate and 5.0 ?mol/L sodium arsenite respectively,and 0～200 mg/L TFBP were added to the culture media at the same time. The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA?雪,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the cultured HaCaT cells were determined. The protective effects of TFBP at different concentrations were evaluated. Results 0.1 mmol/L lead acetate caused oxidative damage to HaCaT cells markedly. When the concentrations were increased to more than 100 mg/L,TFBP had certain protective effects from the damage induced by lead acetate with the decrease of the MDA levels from 4.23 ?mol/L to 1.87 ?mol/L and the increase of the SOD levels from 25.90 U/mg Pro to 37.12 U/mg Pro,while the activities of GSH-Px showed no significant change. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased in the cultured cells treated by sodium arsenite with 150 mg/L and 200 mg/L TFBP. Conclusion Lead acetate and sodium arsenite could cause significant oxidative damage to HaCaT cells and TFBP had certain protective effects on the cells from the oxidative damage induced by lead acetate and sodium arsenite under the conditions of this study.

Objective To investigate the effect of fasting blood glucose control and its influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in community.Methods 905 cases of patients with T2DM were collected in Rencheng District of Jining city according to the stratified cluster random sampling method.The general demographic characteristics and lifestyle of the subjects were collected by questionnaire survey,and the height,body weight,blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipids were measured by physical examination.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of blood glucose control.Results A total of 905 subjects were recruited in the analysis.74.70％ of the subjects were aged 35 years above.The proportion reaching the control criteria of the blood glucose,blood pressure and cholesterol was 71.27％ (645),29.83％ (270) and 26.74％(242) of the subjects respectively.The influencing factors for blood glucose control in the subjects were age,duration of disease,blood pressure,weight,diet condition and psychological states and treatment compliance,and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =7.58,23.18,7.08,5.22,5.46,5.16,5.65,all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and duration of disease were the risk factors of blood glucose control in patients with T2DM.Standard blood pressure control was the protective factor that affects the effect of blood glucose control (OR=1.430,95％ CI=1.015-2.015,P＜0.05).Conclusion The blood glucose control of T2DM patients need to be improved comprehensively in community.By strengthening the control of blood glucose and blood pressure,establishing good habits of life behavior and improving the ability of self management,patients with T2DM can improve their quality of life.

Objective To observe the relationship between vasoactive substances and blood pressure in old patients with hypertension.Method Venous blood was drawn from 35 old hypertension patients when blood pressure was normal and abnormal,respectively.Epinephrine(E),norepinephine(NE),endothelins(ET),angiotensin ll (Angll) and ealcitonin-gene-retated peptide were determined by radio-immunity.The above five cytokines were also determined in 33 old healthy people.The cytokines levels were compared between the normal and abnormal blood pressure in hypertension patients and also between the old hypertension patients and healthy persons.The correlation between blood pressure and cytokines were analyzed.Results The level of ET,Angll,E and NE were obviously increased in old hypertension patients when their blood pressure was abnormal,while CGRP obviously decreased.No difference was found in the five cytokines between two groups when the blood pressure were normal.The correlation analysis showed that systolic pressure had positive correlation with ET,AnglI and E(r=0.304,0.337,0.587,P=0.031,0.019,0.036)and negative correlation with CGRP(r=-0.416,P=0.028)in old hypertension patients when the blood pressure was abnormal.And the diastolic pressure had positive correlation with AnglI and E(r=0.357,0.333;P=0.039,0.028).ET had positive correlation with Angll and E(r=0.361,0.315;P=0.041,0.029).Conclusion The levels of vasoaetive substances significantly changed in old hypertension patients with the blood pressure change.Among those cytokines,the substances that contract blood vessel increased most obviously.The vasoactive substances played an important role in the progress of blood pressure rising.

OBJECTIVE To observe the efficacy of lemon eucalyptus oil on disinfection of indoor air.METHODS Fumigating method and air sampling method were used to evaluate the disinfection efficacy.Ultraviolet disinfection method was used as control.RESULTS Aerosol spraying disinfection with the lemon eucalyptus oil at a dosage of 10 ml/m3 followed by closing the room for 30 min can killed 95.4% of the natural bacteria of indoor air.Irradiation by 30 W ultraviolet lamp for 30 min under same conditions killed 89.7% of the natural bacteria of indoor air.CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of the lemon eucalyptus oil disinfectant at 10ml/m3 concentration in killing natural bacteria in indoor air fulfils the requirement of eligible disinfection and is better than the disinfection efficacy of ultraviolet irradiation.

OBJECTIVE To explore the infection situation of surgical operation and enhance postoperative(observation) and rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Totally 11 208 cases after surgical operation were(investigated)(retrospectively).The diagnosis standard was based on the Diagnosis Standard of Hospital(Infection)(Draft) published by Ministry of Health,the People′s Republic of China in Jan 2001. RESULTS There were(11 208) cases after surgical operation from Jan 1,2000 to Dec 31,2004 in our hospital and 275 cases suffered(incision)(infection,) there(infection) rate was 2.45%.The pathogenic bacteria of incision infection were confirmed as G~-(bacilli)(72 strains,78.26%),and G~+ cocci(20 strains,21.74%).CONCLUSIONS The key points of prevention of incision infection are sterile operation,protection of operation field when incising cavity organ,inside(sterilization),flushing of abdominal cavity and incision,change of contaminated apparatus,gloves and dressing promptly,(selection) of suture line and suture technique,besides the serious operation preparedness and skin(sterilization).