BACKGROUND: The wear resistance and hardness of artificial tooth would affect repairing effects in clinic. However, there is lack of professional standard for resin teeth in China.OBJECTIVE: To provide a theoretic foundation for the choosing of the resin teeth in clinic via comparing the wear resistance and hardness among 7 different resin teeth.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observation. The experiment was performed at the laboratory of Mechanical Engineering College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2003 to May 2004.MATERIALS: A total of 7 kinds of different resin teeth were selected, namely, hard multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (A); multi-layer synthetic resin teeth (B); synthetic resin teeth (C); EMDURA resin teeth (D); three-layer synthetic resin teeth (E); optostar four-layer synthetic resin teeth (F); and Cosmo HXL (G).METHODS: The wear test was processed by a pin-plate wear machine. The result was measured by the weight loss through wearing and the surfaces of the wear scar were observed by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM); hardness was measured by Knoop hardness. Meanwhile, the relativity between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth was analyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The wear resistance and hardness of resin teeth.RESULTS: According to the weight loss and SEM examination, the wear resistance of the different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>B>F>C; and the hardness of different resin teeth was D>A>G>E>F>B>C. The correlation coefficient between the weight loss and hardness was -0.888 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The variation of the wear resistance of the resin teeth may influenced by their different components, molecular weight and manufacturel methods. There are positive correlation between the hardness and wear resistance of resin teeth.

Objective To explore the effects of progressive relaxation training on the nailfold microcirculation for psychological stress state population .Methods According to the mental health screening criteria ,60 cases of psychological healthy individuals were selected as the research object ,took the attention distribution test as psychological stress stimulation ,test self rating anxiety scale(SAS) and nailfold microcirculation function changes of test before and after stress .60 cases were divided into intervention group and normal control group ,30 cases in each group .The intervention group adopted progressive relaxation training intervention after stress ,while normal control group taking natural rest ,then detected the change of nailfold microcirculation .Results The SAS level and the nailfold microcirculation parameters before and after stress between the two groups were significantly different (P<0 .05);the difference of nailfold microcirculation morphological integral and the total integral between the two groups were statisti-cally significant(P<0 .01);and there were no difference on flow integral and around the loop integral between the two groups (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Progressive relaxation training can effectively improve the microcirculation state of the psychological stress a-mong people ,under certain conditions ,the effective intervention to the stress state population can influence the microcirculation .

OBJECTIVE To explore the infection situation of surgical operation and enhance postoperative(observation) and rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Totally 11 208 cases after surgical operation were(investigated)(retrospectively).The diagnosis standard was based on the Diagnosis Standard of Hospital(Infection)(Draft) published by Ministry of Health,the People′s Republic of China in Jan 2001. RESULTS There were(11 208) cases after surgical operation from Jan 1,2000 to Dec 31,2004 in our hospital and 275 cases suffered(incision)(infection,) there(infection) rate was 2.45%.The pathogenic bacteria of incision infection were confirmed as G~-(bacilli)(72 strains,78.26%),and G~+ cocci(20 strains,21.74%).CONCLUSIONS The key points of prevention of incision infection are sterile operation,protection of operation field when incising cavity organ,inside(sterilization),flushing of abdominal cavity and incision,change of contaminated apparatus,gloves and dressing promptly,(selection) of suture line and suture technique,besides the serious operation preparedness and skin(sterilization).

Objective To explore the effect of Ferroprotin 1 expression on tumorigenesis,invasiveness and survival of breast cancer.Methods In this study,100 breast cancer patients were enrolled.IHC SP was used to detect the expression of Ferroprotinl in paraffin-embedded tissues.The `association of Ferroprotin 1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters was evaluated by chi-square test.Survival analysis was calculated by Kaplan-Meier model and Log-rank test.Results The expression of Ferroprotin 1 was significantly higher in para-cancerous normal tissues (37/100,37％ ) than that in breast cancer tissues (24/100,24％ ;P =0.046 ).In these with positive axillary LN,there were more with low expression level of Ferroprotin 1 ( 36/40,90％ ) than those with high expression level ( 4/40,10％ ),P =0.007.More patients with low Ferroprotin1 were at advanced stage than those with high ferroprotin1 [Ⅲ 44/57 (77.2％) ;Ⅳ 17/18 ( 94.4％ )]( P =0.05 ).No significant association was found between ferroprotin1 and tumor grade,histology type,ER/PR,HER2,tumor size (P＞0.05).Ferroprotin1 has no significant effect on breast cancer survival ( P =0.591 ) by Kaplan-Meier curve and Log-rank test.Conclusions Low Ferroprotin 1 may lead to the tumorigenesis of breast cancer.Downregulated Ferroprotin1 promotes the LN involvement of breast cancer and accompanies with more advanced disease.However Ferroprotinl might not play an important role in the survival of breast cancer.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis for fetal ear auricle malformations.Methods The coronal and sagittal planes of fetuses ears were obtained prospectively in 6239 singleton fetuses in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College for the period from 2012 February to 2015 December,the ultrasound images and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in 11 cases of fetuses ear auricle malformations diagnosed prenatally.Results Eleven Cases of fetuses ear auricle malformations include with 7 cases of microtia,3 cases of low-set ears and 1 case of anotia.Eleven cases were combined with other structural malformations were as followings,3cases with craniocerebral congenital malformation,5 cases with dentofacial deformity,5 cases with malformation of heart,3 cases with limb deformity.Cordocentesis was performed in 7 cases among which 6 with abnormal karyotype,including 2 cases of trisomy 21,2 cases of trisomy 13,2 cases of trisomy 18,1 case of 22ql 1 abnormalities.Compared with the postpartum facial examination,prenatal ultrasound correctly diagnosed 10 cases of fetal ear auricle malformations,missed diagnosis 1 case of microtia.Conlusions Fetus with ear auricle abnormalities have characteristic prenatal ultrasound imaging;prenatal ultrasonography can provide reliable information in the diagnosis of this disease.This study suggests that antenatal ear auricle length measurements might be a promising sonographic screening method for the detection of abnormal karyotype in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE To learn about the factors affecting the quality of the air in operating-rooms and discuss the methods of improving their air quality.METHODS The dynamic and static air bacteriology between laminar air flow operating-room and normal operating-room of a fertiary care level hospital of grade Ⅰ in Changchun were observed.RESULTS The passing rate of samples for air static bacteriology between two types of operating rooms at the begining of selective operations(T0) was without difference.At the begining of emergency operations,there was a disparity.The total number of bacteria in normal operating-room increased with the operating-time,but in the laminar flow operating-room,the total number of bacteria increased in fluctuations during the(T2) time(60 ming since operation begain),and descended dramatically during the(T3) time(90 min since operation).CONCLUSIONS The emergency and operation-time are the main factors affecting the air quality in operating-room and the cleaning air-condition could improve the air quality.

BACKGROUND: Total glucosides of paeony, effective component extracted from peony, has good inflammatory and analgesic effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the curative effect and side effect of total glucosides of paeony combined with methotrexate and sulfasalazine in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled observation SETTING: Department of Rheumatology , Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine PARTICIPANTS: Totally 80 inpatients with ankylosing spondylitis hospitalized in the Clinic of Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2003 to April 2004 were involved. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups with 40 patients in each group. Informed consent was obtained. METHODS: Experimental group: 2 capsules of total glucosides of peony was taken orally, three times per day; methotrexate 10 mg/time, once per week; sulfasalazine 0.5 g/time, three times per day. Control group:methotrexate and sulfasalazine were taken orally and the dosage and method were the same as those in the experimental group. Two groups all used the same NSAID (Nimesulide) , 0.1 g/time, twice per day. The period of the treatment was 3 months. Evaluation of spinal column function and laboratory examination was performed before treatment and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes: Bath ankylosing spondylitis activity index, Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index [1-2],duration of morning stiffness, systemic pain and spinal pain on a four point Likert scale, overall assessment of patient and physician on a four point scale. Secondary outcomes: ①erythrocyte sedimentation, C-reaction protein,Schober test, chest expansion, Occiput to wall distance and finger to floor distance.② Adverse events and side effects. RESULTS: The observation of 38 patients in the experiemtnal group and 37 patients in the control group was completed. ①Result of Bath ankylosing spondylitis activity index, Bath ankylosing spondylitis function index,duration of morning stiffness, pain and spinal pain on a four point Likert scale, overall assessment of patient and physician on a four point scale:The indices at week 4, 8 and 12 werevmore significantly decreased than those before treatment in each group (P ＜ 0.05); the Bath ankylosing spondylitis activity index, pain and spinal pain on a four point Likert scale,overall assessment of patient and physician on a four point scale at week 4and all the indices at week 8 and 12 were more significantly decreased than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). ② Evaluation result of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reaction protein, Schober test, chest expansion , occiput to wall distance and finger to floor distance: Each index at week 4, 8 and 12 in the experimental group were significantly decreased than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05), those at week 8 and 12 in the control group were more significantly decreased than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.05). ESR , C reactive protein (CRP) , chest expansion and finger to floor distance at week 12 in the control group were more significantly decreased . ③ Adverse events and side effects: All adverse reactions occurred transiently during the course of disease in the two groups. Undisposed or after having taken live-protective medicine, all patients recovered.Drug was not withdrawn in any case.The incidence of adverse reaction in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group [10％ (3/30),57％(17/30) ,P ＜ 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Combination of total glucosides of paeony, methotrexate and sulfasalazine has an enhanced effect and better safety without special adverse reaction in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.

Objective To build the indicators system for clinical pathway management as required by clinical pathway control.Methods An indicators system was proposed by means of evidence-based review,focus group discussions,and ratings of the indicators' importance by doctors and nurses.A multidisciplinary panel of 60 experts from across the country were selected.A 3-round Delphi survey was made on the proposed indicators.The weights of the indicators were established by analytical hierarchy process (AHP).The response rate,Cronbach's α,and the authority coefficient of experts were used as a measure of reliability.Results The response rates of the 3 rounds were 85％,70％,and 94％; the experts authority coefficient was 0.80.The ccoefficient of variation falls with the rising number of consultations.The Kendall's W ranged from 0.40 to 0.83.Following the 3 rounds,consensus was achieved among experts as such a system comprising three first-level,9 second-level,and 36 third-level indicators.Conclusion The expert consultation has achieved reliable results.The established indicators system can serve as a useful instrument for standardized development of clinical pathways management and constant improvement.

Objective To investigate the potential role of miR-34a on breast cancer recurrence and prognosis.Methods In this study,88 breast cancer patients underwent mastectomy with detailed clinical follow-up information.Extracting RNA from the formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples,miR-34a levels were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).miR-34a levels among clinico-pathological variables were accessed by Mann Whitney-U test.RFS and OS survival curves were derived from Kaplan-Meier estimates and the curves were compared by Log-rank tests.All statistical tests were two-sided.Results Significantly lower miR-34a level was found in tumor tissue compared to paired normal tissue (P =0.000).A potential relationship between miR-34a levels and existing clinico-pathological parameters of breast cancer,such as menstrual status,tumor size,nodal involvement,stage of disease,hormone receptor status,HER2 status,or tumor subtype was investigated.No statistically significant difference were identified for these features (P ＞ 0.05).miR-34a level was significant lower among G3 group than G1 + 2 group (P =0.024).Down-regulated miR-34a level was observed in breast cancer with later relapse compared to patients without relapse (P =0.008).When considering 2-△Ct =0.117 (median level)as cut-off value,patients with miR-34a up-regulation showed a positive association towards a longer survival,either RFS(P=0.026,Log-rank test) or OS(P =0.019,Log-rank test).Conclusions miR-34a,as a tumor suppressor,promotes differentiation and contributes to relapse when down-regulated.miR-34a has the potential as prognostic factor for breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of skin cancer.Methods Clinical data of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions confirmed pathologically from 2005 to 2008 in Peking University First Hospital were retrospectively analyzed by using statistical methods.Results A total of 632 cases of skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions were studied.The most common skin cancer was basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (invasive and in situ) which accounted for 29.3%and 24.2%,respectively.The average age at onset was older than 60 years in 55.4%of the patients,between 35 and 59 years in 34.3%,younger than 35 years in 10.3%.The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnosis reached nearly 90.O%for Paget's disease,70.0% for other common skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions.Conclusions Skin cancer and precancerous skin lesions have a predilection for scalp and face.Patients aged from 35 to 59 years account for a significant proportion not only in cutaneous lymphoma but also in melanoma and epithelium-derived nonmelanoma skin cancer.