Objective To probe the differential diagnosis value of ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy in portal vein tumor thrombosis(PVTT). Methods Twenty-two hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein thrombosis(PVT) and 8 hepatocirrhosis patients with PVT were studied by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and 8 PVT filling portal vein embranchment of 30 PVT were examined by 18G automatic biopsy. The positive rates of aspiration biopsy cytology and histology were calculated and compared with that of automatic biopsy. Results The positive rates of fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology and histology were 93.3%(28/30) and 90.0%(27/30), respectively, and were not different markedly from that of automatic biopsy which was 91.7%(11/12). HCC cells were positive in 17 PVT ( 77.3%) and histology was positive in 18 PVT in aspiration biopsy. In total, twenty tumor thrombi were diagnosed. The other two were diagnosed as benign thrombosis. No HCC cells and/or tissue were observed in 8 hepatocirrhosis with PVT. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy in PVTT has comparable high positive rate and diagnosis value and its positive rate is not different from automatic biopsy apparently. So the cases that are not diagnosed by color Doppler and pulsed Doppler can be diagnosed early by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Objective:To study the effects of penetration enhancers and their combinations on the transdermal delivery of fluoxetine hydrochloride and to discuss the feasibility of transdermal administration of drugs.Methods:The penetration rate of fluoxetine hydrochloride through rat skin in vitro was measured using Valia-Chien diffusion cells and high pressure liquid chromatography was used for analysis.Results:Penetration enhancers,such as Azone,N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP),oleic acid,and their combinations all had peneration enhancing effect except for propylene glycol(PG).Azone combined with PG or NMP had the most potent enhancing effect.Conclusion:Satisfactory penetration of fluoxetine hydrochloride through rat skin can be obtained by correct combination of enhancers.

Objective:To prepare ginsenoside Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.Methods:The chitosan microspheres were prepared by the O/W/O combined with multiple emulsification chemical crosslink technique.Quadratic polynomial equation and linear regression equation were fitted by the statistic software,and the resulting equations were used to produce response surface graphs.The best experiment conditions were screened by central composite design(CCD)using drug load,encapsulation efficiency,and the proportions of microspheres(with diameter of 40-60 ?m)as variables.The shape of microspheres was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results:The best ranges of the prescription included:drug to carrier material ratio:0.4-0.5;organic phase and water phase ratio:0.4-0.6;and first emulsion and oil phase ratio:0.13-0.17.The 3 batches of microspheres prepared according to the above condition were well-shaped(full sphere),with the mean drug loading capacity being(10.25?0.08)% and the encapsulation efficiency being(30.61?1.46)%.Conclusion:The optimized technique has a good reproducibility and can be used for preparation of Rg3-loaded chitosan microspheres for intranasal administration.

To better understand the drugs, frequency and other factors involved in the drug-induced renal failure, 227 cases of renal failure reported in the Chinese medical and pharmaceutical journals were statistically analyzed. Our results showed that the drugs that tend to cause renal failure are antibiotics, involving 80 cases, followed by antituberculosis agents(38 eases)and dehydration agents. Gentamycin (47 cases) and rifrimactane(36 cases) were among the drugs with highest incidence. There were 58 cases of death due to drug-related renal failure.

Objective:To explore the association between the levels of plasma adiponectin and coronary artery lesion complexity in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: We measured the plasma concentrations of adiponectin in 105 candidates [28 healthy controls and 77 patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD)]. The complexity of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by the numbers of vessel disease and Gensini score. Results: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin in healthy group were significantly higher than those in CAD patients. Among patients with CAD, those with multiple vessel lesions had significantly lower adiponectin levels than those with a single vessel lesion. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin in Gensini score ≥30 group were significantly lower than those in

Objective To study the value of MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI)after administration of acetazolamide(ACZ)in evaluating the cerebrovascular capacity.Methods MR perfusion-weighted imaging were performed before and after ACZ administeredorally in 7 cases with cerebral infarction.The values of rCBV and rMTT were analysed and the cerebrovascular capacity were evaluated.Results The prolonged rMTT was found in rMTT map before and after ACZ in all cases.Only 5 subjects were abnormal at rCBV map visually.rMTT was increased at the abnormal region on rMTT map.The abnormal regions at rCBV maps included both rCBV increased or decreased.The abnormal region was larger at rMTT map than that at rCBV map.Conclusion MR perfusion-weighted imaging with ACZ test has significant value in assessing the cerebrovascular capacity.

Objective: To prepare sustained-release polylactic acid microspheres containing bupivacaine (BUP-PLA-MS) and to measure its dissolution in vitro. Methods: BUP-PLA-MS was prepared with polylactic acid (PLA) as carriers using the water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation method. The powder particle characteristics of BUP-PLA-MS were evaluated comprehensively, and its dissolution characteristics in vitro were studied. Results: It was indicated that bupivacaine formed molecular dispersion within PLA matrix by differential thermal analysis(DTA). The in vitro release behavior of bupivacaine could be best described by Higuchi equation, with t 1/2 =22.76 h. Conclusion: Release of bupivacaine from microspheres is sustained in vitro.

In this study, we prepared various matrices of hydrogel patches and studied their cross-linking mechanism by observing their rheological properties, which could provide theoretical basis and deep technical support for further industrial development of hydrogel patch. Rheology method was used to do the amplitude scanning and single-frequency scanning for various hydrogel matrix, under the condition of oscillation mode of the rheometer. Then the linear viscoelastic region, composite modulus value, as well as changes in slope with time of the composite modulus and phase angle of various hydrogel matrix were analyzed in detail. The results showed that the stability of matrix was mainly determined by hydrogel frame; only in acidic environment, the cross-linking reaction between cross-linker and hydrogel frame can occur; elasticity of matrix can be decreased by organic acid and the effect level was related to the ratio of the number of carboxyl and hydroxyl (-COO(-)/-OH) in adjusters: if the ratio was not equal, the higher -COO(-)/-OH in adjusters would be the less elasticity of matrix decreased; the cross-linking speed of matrix was determined by adjuster, the cross-linking speed of matrix contain different adjusters was ranged in following order: matrix containing tartaric acid > matrix containing lactic acid > matrix containing malic acid > matrix containing citric acid; the cross-linking speed of matrix was not uniform in the whole cross-linking process.

Objective To examine the expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene in subclinical microscopic tumor and its peripheral normal esophageal tissues,and study the radiation target in molecular level. Methods Esophageal squamous cancer and its peripheral tissue samples of 34 patients were cut into sequential sections.The expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene then examined.The length of the peripheral esophageal tissue,positively expressing the two genes,was measured,and the relation among the experimental date,tumor stage and vertical length of tumor were analyzed. Results For tumor tissue,subclinical microscopic tumor and the peripheral differentiated normal tissue,the positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 85%,83%and 79%,respectively.The positive expression rate of Survivin was 76%,85%and 85%,respectively.The positive expression level of both MMP-2 and Survivin genes in subclinical microscopic tumor was significantly higher than that in the peripheral differentiated normal tissue(χ2=6.46,P=0.028 and χ2=16.15,P=0.001).The length was 17.2-70.4 mm and 15.0-82.4 mm of cancerous peripheral tissue with positive expression of MMP-2 gene upside and downside of the tumor.The length was＜70 mm in 97% of the samples.For Survivin gene.the length was 3.7-76.4 mm and 16.1-56.3 mm.and was＜70 mm in 96%of the samples.The length of cancerous peripheral esophageal tissue expressing the two genes increased significantly along with tumor stage or tumor length,and there was statistical correlation between the length of tumor and the positive expression ranges of Survivin gene. Conclusions Both MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene are positively expressed in esophageal cancerous peripheral tissue.The range positively expressing the two genes is＜70 mm in more than 96%of the samples,and the length is correlated with the tumor stage.More attention should be paid to the peripheral differentiated normal tissue with positive expression of MMP-2 gene and Survivin gene in esophageal squamous carcinoma.

ObjectiveTo investigate the intervention effects of fluoxetine on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis function changes in post-stroke depression (PSD) patients.MethodsMild to moderate stroke patients were enrolled and blood T3,T4,FT3,FT4 and TSH were measured at day 0,1,7,14,21 and 3 months.At day 7,thyroid hormone releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test were performed.After evaluated with the anxiety scale screening using the HAMD scale assessment at day 21,the subjects were divided into simple stroke subgroup ( ＜8 points,25 cases) and PSD sub-group ( ≥ 8 points,18 cases),with 16 healthy age and sex matched individuals as control group.In the 2nd stage,TRH stimulation test were performed in PSD patients before and after 7 days of fluoxetine administration.ResultsCompared with control group,stroke patients presented lower FT3 (P ＜0.05 ) and higher serum TSH (P ＜ 0.05) at day 0,1,7,14.Furthermore,PSD patients presented lower FT3,TSH levels and higher FT4 levels than simple stroke patients did(P＜0.05).At day 21 and month 3,T3,T4,FT3,FT4 and TSH levels in stroke patients were not different from those in control group(P ＞ 0.05).TRH test showed that the responses in PSD patients were lower than those in simple stroke patients( (2.65 ±0.42)μIU/ml vs (5.31 ±0.68 ) μIU/ml,P ＜ 0.05 ).Correlation analysis showed HAMD scores correlated with TSH level changes and TSH0 ～30 in PSD subgroup closely( r=0.35,0.25,P＜0.01 ).In the 2nd stage,TRH test showed that PSD patients who took fluoxetine presented a lower TSH level change than PSD patients who did not( (4.61 ± 2.02) μIU/ml vs (7.05 ± 2.12) μIU/ml,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionPSD patients present a long and severe HPT axis function inhibition,which may due to TRH deficiency,and fluoxetine may improve this abnormality.