Objective To evaluate the production and regulation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) in the skin. Methods Normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured, PDGF peptides were measured by ELISA and PDGF B chain mRNA was detected by Northern hybridization. Results The results showed that NHKs constitutively produced PDGF molecules, phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (PMA) inhibited PDGF production, while 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 enhanced its production. TNF alpha, interferon ? and interleukin 1 alpha all failed to affect PDGF production. On the other hand, HDFs produced no PDGF molecule in spite of a low level of PDGF B chain mRNA expression in Northern hybridization, suggestting a post transcriptional blocking of PDGF production in HDFs. Conclusion The results obtained above indicate that epidermal keratinocytes may be the major PDGF generating cells, whereas dermal fibroblasts the PDGF responsive cells in the skin.

Objective To find out the immunologic mechanism of complete Freud's adjuvant (CFA) when used for preventing from streptozotocin (STZ)-insulitis and STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Methods 20 healthy Kunming mice were equally and randomly divided into A and B groups. The animals in group A was respectively injected once into the pad of hind foot and intraperitoneally injected with 50?L CFA, and the animals in group B was injected with 50?L sodium chloride. After 2 weeks, all mice in both groups were i.p. injected with STZ (40 mg?kg-1/d) for 5 days. All mice were killed 6 weeks after administration of CFA or sodium chloride. Diabetes was diagnosed if blood glucose level was more than 16.7mmol/L after 2 consecutive days. The incidence of diabetes was compared between the two groups before mice were killed. The expression of Fas/FasL on ? cells as well as on infiltrating T cells of islets was investigated by immunochemistry method. Results The incidences of diabetes mellitus and insulitis in group A and group B were 0 % vs 80% (P

Objective To study the moderate hypothermia with iced saline given intravenously with ice cap and ice sheet used in patients with severe stroke or craniocerebral trauma in order to clarify its clinical therapeutic effect and recovery of neurologic function for providing reliable clinical data.Methods A total of 84 patients suffered severe stroke (cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral infarction) or traumatic brain injury with GCS (Glascow Coma Scale) ＜8 admitted within 24 hours after onset were enrolled for study.The exclusion criteria were functional decompemsation of heart,liver,kidney and lung as cardiovascular complications of hypertension,hematological and other diseases,and craniocerebral trauma with multiple injuries of thorax,abdomen and extremities.Patients were divided into observation group and control group (n =42 in each group).The patients of two groups were managed to maintain respiratory tract patent,prevention of infection,dehydration,reduction of intracranial pressure and treated with Cytidine Diphosphate Choline,piracetam,ganglioside sodium and other conventional therapy.In control group,patients treated with ice cap and ice sheet,whereas in observation group,patients were treated with iced saline injected intravenously in addition to ice cap and sheet.At admission,the GCS score of patients was assessed and 6 months later,GCS score and Glascow Outcome Scale,(GOS) score of patients were determined,and 12 months after the treatment,quality of life score were evaluated by KPS.Results The time from onset of stroke or from trauma accident occurred to initiation of hypothermia treatment and time from initiation of hypothermia therapy to the target temperature reached in observation group were (8 ±4) hours and (3± 1 )hours respectively,and in control group,they were ( 16± 5) hours and (6 ± 2) hours,and there were significant differences between two groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The mean GCS score of patients at 6 months in the observation group and in the control group were (7.01 ± 1.12) and (4.02 ± 1.11 ) respectively (P ＜0.05 ) ; whereas the GOS score at 6 mouths of patients was categorized into good outcome,disabled outcome and poor outcome,and the good outcome in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ),and no statistically significant difference in disabled outcome was found between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and the poor outcome of GOS score was significantly lower in observation group than that in control group ( P ＜0.05 ).Twelve months after the treatment,the long-term quality of patients'life assessed by KPS score in observation group was significantly better than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The moderate hypothermia therapy by using iced saline administered intravenously combined with ice cap and ice sheet for severe stroke and head trauma patients conferred better therapeutic effects than the treatment with ice cap and ice sheet.

Background Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a systemic disease with abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix.Researches showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) gene is associated with the pathogenesis of XFS in global population.However,the results are varied among different ethnicity and regions.Objective This study aimed to assess the association between LOXL1 gene polymorphisms and XFS in Uygur population.Methods One-hundred and fifty-two Uygur XFS patients without relativeness were enrolled from January to August in 2014,and 228 ethnicity-and gender-matched normal controls were recruited at the same period from the same region.Each individual underwent comprehensive eye examinations and 5 ml peripheral blood was collected.Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood.PCR-ligase detection response (LDR) was used to determine the allele and genotype frequencies of the six SNPs rs12914489,rs4886467,rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 in the promoter region of LOXL1 gene.The distribution frequency between the patients and normal controls was compared by x2 test.Logistic regression analysis was used for age adjustment.This study was approved by Ethic Committe of Xinjiang Medical University,and informed consent was obtained from the subjects.Results rs12914489 site in the normal control group diverged from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P =0.033),and the rs4886467,rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 sites followed HWE.The frequencies of G allele and GG genotype of rs4886467 in the XFS group were lower than those in the control group (both at P =0.00) and were protective factors of XFS (OR =0.54,95 ％ CI:0.40-0.74,P =0.000;OR=0.51,95％ CI:0.33-0.78,P=0.001);the frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of rs4558370 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=1.96,95％ CI:1.23-3.11,P =0.004;OR =2.18,95％ CI:1.31-3.64,P =0.002);the frequencies of C allele and CC genotype of rs4461027 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=2.25,95％ CI:1.67-3.04,P=0.000;OR=3.06,95％ CI:1.89-4.96,P=0.000);the frequencies of T allele and TT genotype of rs4886761 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR=2.44,95％ CI:1.79-3.33,P =0.000;OR =3.02,95％ CI:1.63-5.60,P =0.000);the frequencies of C allele and CC genotype of rs16958477 in the XFS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both at P=0.00) and were the risk factors of XFS (OR =2.00,95 ％ CI:1.47-2.71,P =0.000;OR =2.37,95 ％ CI:1.31-4.27,P =0.004).Conclusions The SNPs of promoter region of LOXL1 gene are associated with hereditary susceptibility of XFS individually in Uygur population.The SNPs of rs4886467 locus are protective factor,while the SNPs of rs4558370,rs4461027,rs4886761 and rs16958477 locus are risk factors for pathogenesis of XFS.

Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria in 1 -6 months infants with lower respiratory infection(LRI).Methods Induced sputum was extracted from 326 infants with LRI who were 1 -6 months.Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified.Results 61 cases were detected pathogenic bacteria and the detection rate of bacteria was 18.71%.5 cases were detected two kinds of bacte-ria.66 bacterial strains were isolated among which gram -positive bacteria(33 strains)accounted for 50.00% and gram -negative bacteria(33 strains)accounted for 50.00%.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common gram -pos-itive bacteria and Streptococcus pneumoniae was the second.13 strains were methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus au-reus(MRSA).Hemophilus influenzae was the most common gram -negative bacteria,followed by Klebsiella pneumo-nia and Escherichia coli among which ESBL positive Klebsiella pneumonia were 5 cases and ESBL positive Escherich-ia coli were 4 cases.The common gram -positive bacteria had higher rate of penicillin resistance.MRSA had higher rate of penicillin,oxacillin,erythomycin and clindamycin resistance.Resistant strains to vancomycin and rina thiazole amine were not found.The common gram -negative bacteria had higher rate of ampicillin,ampicillin/shu tan,cefazo-lin and ceftriaxone resistance and had lower rate of cefepime,ceftazidime,piperacillin/he azole temple and imipenem resistance.Conclusion The common pathogenic bacteria in 1 -6 months infants with lower respiratory infection were Staphylococcus aureus,Hemophilus influenzae,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. We should pay attention to the common antibiotic resistance.MRSA and ESBL positive bacteria were the common mul-tiple drug resistant bacterias.Reasonable selection of antibiotics should be based on susceptibility results earlier.

Objective To study the imaging findings of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC) and discuss it′s clinical value. Methods The imaging materials of 40 cases with PLC which were proved by bronchoscopic or pleural or open-lung biopsy were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical application of imaging diagnosis were investigated. Results The primary tumorous pathological types of PLC included:13 cases peripheral type carcinoma of lung,2 cases central type carcinoma of lung,11 cases mammary cancer,6 cases gastric carcinoma,4 cases pancreatic carcinoma,3 cases renal carcinoma,1 case colon carcinoma. The major imaging features of PLC were showed as pleural nodes, lobular core nodes, intralobular small reticular and nodular shadows, small beaded thickened interlobular septums, beaded thickened bronchovascular bundles, tumescent pulmonary hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Conclusion PLC possess relative imaging feature, particularly HRCT may accurately reflect pathological feature of PLC. Imaging diagnosis is a satisfactory method in diagnosing pulmonary lymphangial metastasis of malignant tumor.

Objective To investigate the effect of Tangshan earthquake stress on the executive and memory func?tion in adults. Methods The objects were recruited from Tangshan Kailuan Mining Group. The exposed group included 251 subjects whose mothers exposed to the Tangshan earthquake during pregnancy in 1976. The control group included 341 subjects whose mothers was pregnant the year after the Tangshan earthquake. According to mother's pregnancy time relative to the earthquake exposed group was divided into 3 subgroups:the late pregnancy of earthquake exposed group, the second trimester of earthquake exposed group and the early pregnancy of earthquake exposed group. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to evaluate executive function, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) was used to evaluate memory function. Results The index of WCST were not different between two groups (P>0.05). Com?pared with control group, BVMT-R total scores were lower in earthquake exposed group [(25.54 ± 7.45) vs. (27.28 ± 7.10), P<0.01]. In the earthquake exposed group, pregnancy and sex had interaction effect on the nonpreservative errors (nRpe) of WCST (P<0.05). In the late pregnancy earthquake exposed group, male had higher nRpe than female (P<0.01). Preg?nancy time had main effect on offsprings' BVMT-R scores (P<0.05). The BVMT-R total scores were lower in late trimes?ter pregnancy and in second trimester pregnancy than in the early pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion The Tangshan earth?quake has potential effect on the memory function of the offsprings. The second trimester (4-to 6-month) and the third trimester (7-to 9-month) may be the sensitive pregnancy window of the stress during the pregnancy. The male offspring from late pregnancy of exposed earthquake have poorer executive function than female.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of iodine supplementation on infant mortality and growth in Xinjiang.

METHODSUrine iodine, height and head circumference (HC) of children aged 5 years in two townships was measured before and yearly after iodine supplementation of irrigation water. Height and HC were expressed as Z scores (United States children used as the reference group). Neonatal and infant mortality rates were obtained from official records in three counties from 1988 to 1999, and analyzed by a logistic regression model.

RESULTSThe odds ratio of infant mortality decreased 56.49% and neonatal mortality 65.71% respectively after iodination; there was no significant difference in the odds ratio of infant or neonatal mortality between experimental and control areas without iodination. In Langru township, the mean height of 5 year-old children increased from 95 cm in 1992 to 106.9 cm in 1998 - 1999, and HC from 48.4 cm to 50.5 cm. Median urine iodine increased from <10 to 176 micro g/L. In Bakechi township, mean height increased from 91 cm in 1993 to 106.5 cm in 1998 - 1999, HC from 48.7 to 49.6 cm, and median urine iodine from 39 to 138 micro g/L.

CONCLUSIONIn Xinjiang, adequate iodine treatment markedly decreased infant and neonatal mortality, and largely preventing stunting of height and HC in children.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; trends ; Iodine ; analysis ; pharmacology ; urine ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Plants ; chemistry ; Soil ; analysis ; Thyroid Gland ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Water ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the potential of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in mitigating the adverse prognosis associated with central nervous system leukemia (CNSL) and to assess the significance of prophylactic intrathecal injection.Methods:A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted involving 30 patients with acute leukemia who had a history of CNSL who underwent allo-HSCT at Peking University People′s Hospital between September 2012 and March 2018 (referred to as the CNSL-positive group). In addition, 90 patients with acute leukemia were selected from the same period who underwent allo-HSCT without a history of CNSL (referred to as the CNSL-negative group) and a rigorous 1∶3 matching was performed based on disease type, disease status, and transplantation type to form the control group. The prognosis between the two groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the high-risk factors for CNSL relapse post-transplant were identified through Cox proportional-hazards model.Results:The median age of patients in the CNSL-negative group was significantly higher than that of patients in the CNSL-positive group (32 years vs. 24 years, P=0.014). No significant differences were observed in baseline data, including sex, disease type, disease status at transplantation, donor-recipient relationship, and human leukocyte antigen consistency between the two groups. The median follow-up time was 568 days (range: 21-1 852 days). The 4-year cumulative incidence of relapse (71.4%±20.9% vs. 29.3%±11.5%, P=0.005) and the cumulative incidence of CNSL post-transplant (33.6%±9.2% vs. 1.2%±1.2%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the CNSL-positive group than in the CNSL-negative group. Furthermore, the 4-year leukemia-free survival rate in the CNSL-positive group was significantly lower than that in the CNSL-negative group (23.1%±17.0% vs. 71.5%±11.6%, P<0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the 4-year cumulative transplant-related mortality and overall survival rates between the two groups (both P>0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that a history of CNSL before transplantation ( HR=25.050, 95% CI 3.072-204.300, P=0.003) was identified as high-risk factors for CNSL relapse post-transplant. Conversely, haploidentical transplantation was associated with a reduced risk of CNSL relapse post-transplant ( HR=0.260, 95% CI 0.073-0.900, P=0.034). Within the CNSL-positive group, seven patients received prophylactic intrathecal therapy after transplantation, and their CNSL relapse rate was significantly lower than that of the 23 patients who did not receive intrathecal therapy after transplantation (0/7 vs. 9/23, P=0.048). Conclusions:Patients with a history of CNSL have a higher risk of relapse and experience poorer leukemia-free survival following transplantation. The use of prophylactic intrathecal injection shows promise in mitigating CNSL relapse rates, although further validation through prospective studies is necessary to substantiate these observations.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, diagnosis, treat-ment and prognosis of gallbladder cancer in China from 2010 to 2017.Methods:The single disease retrospective registration cohort study was conducted. Based on the concept of the real world study, the clinicopathological data, from multicenter retrospective clinical data database of gallbladder cancer of Chinese Research Group of Gallbladder Cancer (CRGGC), of 6 159 patients with gallbladder cancer who were admitted to 42 hospitals from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected. Observation indicators: (1) case resources; (2) age and sex distribution; (3) diagnosis; (4) surgical treatment and prognosis; (5) multimodality therapy and prognosis. The follow-up data of the 42 hospitals were collected and analyzed by the CRGGC. The main outcome indicator was the overall survival time from date of operation for surgical patients or date of diagnosis for non-surgical patients to the end of outcome event or the last follow-up. Measurement data with normal distribu-tion were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3) or M(range), and com-parison between groups was conducted using the U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Univariate analysis was performed using the Logistic forced regression model, and variables with P<0.1 in the univariate analysis were included for multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Logistic stepwise regression model. The life table method was used to calculate survival rates and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves. Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. Results:(1) Case resources: of the 42 hospitals, there were 35 class A of tertiary hospitals and 7 class B of tertiary hospitals, 16 hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer and 26 hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer, respectively. Geographical distribution of the 42 hospitals: there were 9 hospitals in central China, 5 hospitals in northeast China, 22 hospitals in eastern China and 6 hospitals in western China. Geographical distribution of the 6 159 patients: there were 2 154 cases(34.973%) from central China, 705 cases(11.447%) from northeast China, 1 969 cases(31.969%) from eastern China and 1 331 cases(21.611%) from western China. The total average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of the 6 159 patients was 18.3±4.5 per year, in which the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 4 974 patients(80.760%) from hospitals with high admission of gallbladder cancer was 38.8±8.9 per year and the average number of cases undergoing diagnosis and treatment in hospitals of 1 185 patients(19.240%) from hospitals with low admission of gallbladder cancer was 5.7±1.9 per year. (2) Age and sex distribution: the age of 6 159 patients diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(56,71) years, in which the age of 2 247 male patients(36.483%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 64(58,71)years and the age of 3 912 female patients(63.517%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer was 63(55,71)years. The sex ratio of female to male was 1.74:1. Of 6 159 patients, 3 886 cases(63.095%) were diagnosed as gallbladder cancer at 56 to 75 years old. There was a significant difference on age at diagnosis between male and female patients ( Z=-3.99, P<0.001). (3) Diagnosis: of 6 159 patients, 2 503 cases(40.640%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 3 656 cases(59.360%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 2 110 patients(34.259%) not undergoing surgical treatment, of which 200 cases(9.479%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 910 cases(90.521%) were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. There were 4 049 patients(65.741%) undergoing surgical treatment, of which 2 303 cases(56.878%) were initially diagnosed as gallbladder cancer and 1 746 cases(43.122%) were initial diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer. Of the 1 746 patients who were initially diagnosed as non-gallbladder cancer, there were 774 cases(19.116%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer during operation and 972 cases(24.006%) diagnosed as gallbladder cancer after operation. Of 6 159 patients, there were 2 521 cases(40.932%), 2 335 cases(37.912%) and 1 114 cases(18.087%) undergoing ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination before initial diagnosis, respec-tively, and there were 3 259 cases(52.914%), 3 172 cases(51.502%) and 4 016 cases(65.205%) undergoing serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis, respectively. One patient may underwent multiple examinations. Results of univariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals, whether undergoing ultrasound, CT, MRI, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9 or CA125 examination before initially diagnosis were related factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.45, 1.98, 0.69, 0.68, 2.43, 0.41, 1.63, 0.41, 0.39, 0.42, 95% confidence interval as 1.21-1.74, 1.64-2.40, 0.59-0.80, 0.60-0.78, 2.19-2.70, 0.37-0.45, 1.43-1.86, 0.37-0.45, 0.35-0.43, 0.38-0.47, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that geographical distribution of hospitals (eastern China or western China), sex, age ≥72 years, gallbladder cancer annual admission of hospitals and cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initially diagnosis were indepen-dent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients ( odds ratio=1.36, 1.42, 0.89, 0.67, 1.85, 1.56, 1.57, 0.39, 95% confidence interval as 1.13-1.64, 1.16-1.73, 0.79-0.99, 0.57-0.78, 1.60-2.14, 1.38-1.77, 1.38-1.79, 0.35-0.43, P<0.05). (4) Surgical treatment and prognosis. Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 447 cases(60.435%) with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. Cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb were 85(3.474%), 201(8.214%), 71(2.902%), 890(36.371%), 382(15.611%), 33(1.348%) and 785(32.080%), respectively. The median follow-up time and median postoperative overall survival time of the 2 447 cases were 55.75 months (95% confidence interval as 52.78-58.35) and 23.46 months (95% confidence interval as 21.23-25.71), respectively. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases with pathological staging as stage 0, stage Ⅰ, stage Ⅱ, stage Ⅲa, stage Ⅲb, stage Ⅳa and stage Ⅳb ( χ2=512.47, P<0.001). Of the 4 049 patients undergoing surgical treatment, there were 2 988 cases(73.796%) with resectable tumor, 177 cases(4.371%) with unresectable tumor and 884 cases(21.833%) with tumor unassessable for resectabi-lity. Of the 2 988 cases with resectable tumor, there were 2 036 cases(68.139%) undergoing radical resection, 504 cases(16.867%) undergoing non-radical resection and 448 cases(14.994%) with operation unassessable for curative effect. Of the 2 447 cases with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data who underwent surgical treatment, there were 53 cases(2.166%) with unresectable tumor, 300 cases(12.260%) with resectable tumor and receiving non-radical resection, 1 441 cases(58.888%) with resectable tumor and receiving radical resection, 653 cases(26.686%) with resectable tumor and receiving operation unassessable for curative effect. There were 733 cases not undergoing surgical treatment with complete pathological staging data and follow-up data. There was a significant difference in the overall survival between cases not undergoing surgical treatment, cases undergoing surgical treatment for unresectable tumor, cases undergoing non-radical resection for resectable tumor and cases undergoing radical resection for resectable tumor ( χ2=121.04, P<0.001). (5) Multimodality therapy and prognosis: of 6 159 patients, there were 541 cases(8.784%) under-going postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and advanced chemotherapy, 76 cases(1.234%) under-going radiotherapy. There were 1 170 advanced gallbladder cancer (pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲa) patients undergoing radical resection, including 126 cases(10.769%) with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 044 cases(89.231%) without postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.23, P=0.629). There were 658 patients with pathological staging as stage Ⅲa who underwent radical resection, including 66 cases(10.030%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 592 cases(89.970%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ( χ2=0.05, P=0.817). There were 512 patients with pathological staging ≥stage Ⅲb who underwent radical resection, including 60 cases(11.719%) with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 452 cases(88.281%) without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between cases with postoperative adjuvant chemo-therapy and cases without post-operative adjuvant chemo-therapy ( χ2=1.50, P=0.220). Conclusions:There are more women than men with gallbladder cancer in China and more than half of patients are diagnosed at the age of 56 to 75 years. Cases undergoing ultrasound, CT, serum CA19-9 examination before initial diagnosis are independent influencing factors influencing initial diagnosis of gallbladder cancer patients. Preoperative resectability evaluation can improve the therapy strategy and patient prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gallbladder cancer is not standardized and in low proportion in China.