Objective To explore the possible etiological factors in chronic abacterial prostatitis. Methods 16SrRNA gene of gram-negative bacteria was assayed in 10 urethral swab and 24 EPS samples from the patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis.Also,samples from 10 normal male adults (controls) EPS were assayed by the same technique. Results Among the 24 chronic abacterial prostatitis EPS samples,16SrDNA was positive in 13.But the result was negative in all the urethral swab samples.Only one of the 10 normal EPS was positive for 16SrRNA gene( P

BACKGROUND:Early vascularization is crucial for wound healing. A high-porosity, macrovoid alogeneic skin leads to the rapid vascularization and celular infiltration.
OBJECTIVE: To obtain a new alogeneic skin product with high porosity, good cel permeability and good histocompatibility using an improved preparation method of human acelular dermal matrix.
METHODS: Cel components of healthy human skins were removed by the improved method and the traditional method, respectively. The improved method was to remove the subcutaneous fat, eliminate the epidermis (1 mol/L NaCl solution at 37℃ for 24 hours) folowed by shaking processing (2% NaOH at 45℃ for 4 hours), and then, the solution was neutralized with PBS rinsing, dried and stored at 4℃ for standby. We detected the porosity and degradation time in vitroof the acelular dermal matrices prepared by two methods and the cytotoxicity of the material infiltration liquid on the adipose-derived stem cels. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for the detection of the cel residual, the integrity of colagen and cel biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy was used to detect the pore size.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both the two methods could completely remove the cel components, and maintain the integrity of the colagen scaffold. The porosity of acelular dermal matrix with the improved method was (93.22±0.99)%, which was significantly higher than that with the traditional method [(74.28±2.06)%;P < 0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in in vitrodegradation time between the two kinds of acelular dermal matrices(P > 0.05). No obvious cytotoxicity of the acelular dermal matrix prepared with the improved method was detected. At 3-7 days of co-culture, the adipose-derived stem cels cultured on the acelular dermal matrix prepared with the improved method could penetrate the basement membrane to the deep dermis, while there was no obvious cel invasion and growth in the deep dermis prepared by the traditional method. Compared with the traditional method, the improved method is more suitable for cel infiltration and growth with higher porosity and larger pore size.

Objective:To investigate the safety and effectiveness of multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization for ruptured intracranial blood blister-like aneurysms (BBA).Methods:Patients with intracranial BBA admitted to the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University and treated with multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization from January 2013 to January 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. The embolization rate immediately after procedure, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge, aneurysm embolization rate, recurrence rate and mRS scores at 3 months after procedure were collected.Results:A total of 38 patients with BBA were enrolled, including 21 females (55.3%) and 17 males (44.7%); their age was 54±9.3 years (range, 29-71 years); the maximum diameter of aneurysm was 5.1±1.0 mm, and the diameter of aneurysm neck was 4.9±0.7 mm. Raymond grading showed that the complete embolization rate immediate after procedure was 71.1%, the residual rate of aneurysmal neck was 18.4%, and the residual rate of aneurysmal body was 10.5%. During the perioperative period, 2 patients had stent thrombosis and 2 had intraoperative aneurysm hemorrhage. Imaging follow-up at 3 months after procedure showed that the aneurysms of 31 cases (83.8%) disappeared completely, 4 (10.8%) improved, and 2 (5.4%) recanalized. The good clinical outcome rate (mRS score ≤ 2) was 81.1%, 1 patient (2.6%) died, and no postoperative rebleeding occurred.Conclusion:Multi-stent overlapping assisted coil embolization is a safe and effective surgical method for the treatment of ruptured intracranial BBA.

Objective:To summarize the genotypes and clinical features of neonatal-onset genetic epilepsy.Methods:Patients (114 cases) with identified gene variants were collected from May 2013 to May 2019 in Peking University First Hospital, retrospectively. The genotype, clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging characteristics were analyzed.Results:A total of 141 neonatal-onset epilepsy patients with identified gene variants were enrolled, including 76 males and 65 females and involving 33 epilepsy genes. Top five genes were KCNQ2 (56 cases), SCN2A (25 cases), STXBP1 (9 cases), CDKL5 (8 cases) and KCNT1 (6 cases), accounting for 73.8% (104/141). The age of seizure onset was 3(1-28) days of age, 71.6% (101/141) were within 1 week of age. The age of genetic diagnosis was 4 months (1 month to 13 years) of age. A total of 130 patients presented focal seizures; 47 patients presented epileptic spasms. Other seizure types included generalized tonic-clonic seizures, clonic seizures, myoclonic seizures, tonic seizures and absence seizures. Fifty-eight patients experienced multiple seizure types. The results of video-electroencephlogram (VEEG) were abnormal in 127 patients and in 62 patients clinical seizures were captured. Global developmental delay was presented in 122 patients. Epilepsy syndromes were diagnosed in 59 patients. Thirteen patients were diagnosed as Ohtahara syndrome (OS), 9 as epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS), 17 as West syndrome (WS), 4 as OS developed to WS, 9 as benign neonatal epilepsy (BNE), 2 as benign familiar neonatal-infantile epilepsy (BFNIE), 2 as benign infantile epilepsy (BIE) and 3 as benign familial infantile epilepsy (BFIE). Sixty-seven patients were diagnosed as unclassified early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), 13 patients could not be diagnosed as any epilepsy syndrome, and 2 patients were diagnosed as pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. Forty-six patients had abnormal neuroimaging including cortical atrophy, corpus callosum dysplasia and cerebellar atrophy, involving 19 genes.Conclusions:Neonatal-onset epilepsy is related to many different genes. Seizure onset age of most patients is within one week after birth. Focal seizures and epileptic spasms are more common. Some patients show abnormal neuroimaging.

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and the features of electroencephalograph (EEG) of children with DEPDC5 gene variants related epilepsy.Methods:The clinical data, gene variation, EEG and head magnetic resonance image (MRI) of 20 epileptic children with DEPDC5 gene variants admitted to Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from May 2017 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Twenty patients with heterozygous DEPDC5 gene variants were enrolled, 8 of 20 patients were nonsense variants, 6 were missense variants, 3 were frame-shift variants, 2 were splicing variants, and 1 was large fragment deletion. Sixteen cases had hereditary variation and 4 had de novo variation. Fifteen of variations were novel. Nine were male, while 11 were female. Their latest follow-up age ranged from 10 months to 13 years and one month.The epilepsy onset age ranged from 3 hours to 11 years and 3 months, the median age was 10.5 months. Twelve (60%) patients had developmental delay. Nineteen patients had focal seizures, 7 had epileptic spasms, 1 had multiple seizure types including tonic, atypical absence, dystonic and myoclonic seizures. Epileptic form discharges were observed in 18 patients during the interictal phase, and 11 were focal discharges, 7 were multifocal discharges. Ten (50%) patients had abnormal brain MRI, including focal cortical dysplasia in 5 patients, undefined malformation of cortical development in 4 patients, hemimegalencephaly in 1 patient. Four patients were diagnosed as West syndrome and one patient was diagnosed as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Fourteen (70%) patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant epilepsy. Four patients became seizure-free by treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. Three children were treated with surgery, and 2 of them became seizure-free, 1 had more than 75% reduction in seizures.Conclusions:DEPDC5 gene variant epilepsy is inherited with incomplete penetrance and focal seizure is the major seizure type. However, epileptic spasms, generalized seizures can also be observed. Half of the patients brain malformations. Most of the patients are drug-resistant epilepsy. Patients with clear epileptogenic zones can be treated with surgery. Treatment-resistant patients are more likely to be complicated with developmental delay.

Nine compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Callicarpa kwangtungensis chun by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified as pinnatifidanoid A(1), blumenol C(2), megastigman-5- ene-3β, 9R-diol(3), 3β-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(4), kaji-ichigoside F1(5), 1, 4-terephthalic acid(6), syringic acid(7), vanillic acid(8), and 3, 5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzyl alcohol(9)on the basis of spectral analysis. C13 nor-isoprenoids of 1-3, and compounds 5, 6 and 9, were isolated from the genus Callicarpa for the first time.

OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of selenium-enriched Ganoderma lucidum crude extract on lipid metabolism， liver function and inflammatory response in type 2 diabetic model rats. METHODS： Totally 120 rats were randomly divided into normal control group （n＝20， normal saline） and model group （n＝100）. Normal control group was fed with normal diet， and model group was fed with high-fat diet. 4 weeks later， model group was given intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin solution （30 mg/kg） to induce T2DM model. After modeling， 90 rats were randomly subdivided into model control group （normal saline）， positive control group （metformin， 200 mg/kg） and selenium-enriched G. lucidum crude extract low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （300， 600， 1 200 mg/kg， calculated by extract）， with 18 rats in each group. They were given medicine intragastrically， once a day， from Monday to Saturday. Half of rats in each group were selected 4， 8 weeks after medication； the serum levels of glucose and insulin were detected， and islet resistance index were calculated. The serum levels of liver function indexes （AST， ALT， AKP）， blood lipid indexes （FFA， TC， TG， LDL-C） and inflammatory factors （TNF-α， IL-6， IL-1β） were detected by ELISA. After HE staining， the histopathological changes of liver tissue were observed by microscopy. mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α （PPARα） and peroxidase acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 （ACOX1） in liver tissue were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot assay. RESULTS： Compared with normal control group， glucose， insulin serum levels and islet resistance index were significantly increased （P＜0.01）； serum liver function indexes， blood lipid indexes and inflammatory factor levels of model control group were increased significantly in model control group after 4 and 8 weeks medication （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The hepatocyte swelling of model control group was round and the volume was significantly larger than that of blank control group.  The liver had different degrees of steatosis and vacuolization， accompanied by a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. mRNA and protein expressions of PPARα and ACOX1 in liver tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model control group， except that there was no significant decreased in islet resistunce index and AST， ALT， IL-6， IL-1β serum levels after 4 weeks of medication， and glucose， insulin， ALT serum levels after 8 weeks of medication and the levels of 4 blood lipid indexes after 4 and 8 weeks of medication in selenium-enriched G. lucidum crude extract low-dose group （P＞0.05）， above serum indexes of other groups were decreased significantly after 4 and 8 weeks of medication （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After 4 and 8 weeks of medication， the pathological changes of liver tissue in rats were alleviated in varying degrees. protein and mRNA expressions of PPARα and ACOX1 in liver tissue were increased significantly after 4 and 8 weeks of medication （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Selenium-enriched G. lucidum crude extract can up-regulate protein and mRNA expressions of PPARα and ACOX1 in liver tissue， promote the excretion of accumulated fatty acid and significantly improve fatty acid metabolism， inflammatory response and liver function in T2DM model rats.

Emergence of the colistin resistance gene,mcr-1,has attracted worldwide attention.Despite the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli(MCRPEC)strains in human carriage showing a significant decrease between 2016 and 2019,genetic differences in MCRPEC strains remain largely unknown.We therefore conducted a comparative genomic study on MCRPEC strains from fecal samples of healthy human subjects in 2016 and 2019.We identified three major differences in MCRPEC strains between these two time points.First,the insertion sequenceISApll1 was often deleted and the percentage of mcr-1-carrying IncI2 plasmids was increased in MCRPEC strains in 2019.Second,the antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),aac(3)-Ⅳa and blaCTX-M-1,emerged and coexisted with mcr-1 in 2019.Third,MCRPEC strains in 2019 contained more viru-lence genes,resulting in an increased proportion of extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli(ExPEC)strains(36.1％)in MCRPEC strains in 2019 compared to that in 2016(10.5％),implying that these strains could occupy intestinal ecological niches by competing with other commensal bacteria.Our results suggest that despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of MCRPEC strains in humans from 2016 to 2019,MCRPEC exhibits increased resistance to other clinically important ARGs and contains more virulence genes,which may pose a potential public health threat.

Blocking the biological functions of scaffold proteins and aggregated proteins is a challenging goal. PROTAC proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) technology may be the solution, considering its ability to selectively degrade target proteins. Recent progress in the PROTAC strategy include identification of the structure of the first ternary eutectic complex, extra-terminal domain-4-PROTAC-Von-Hippel-Lindau (BRD4-PROTAC-VHL), and PROTAC ARV-110 has entered clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer in 2019. These discoveries strongly proved the value of the PROTAC strategy. In this perspective, we summarized recent meaningful research of PROTAC, including the types of degradation proteins, preliminary biological data in vitro and in vivo, and new E3 ubiquitin ligases. Importantly, the molecular design, optimization strategy and clinical application of candidate molecules are highlighted in detail. Future perspectives for development of advanced PROTAC in medical fields have also been discussed systematically.

The occlusion design of dental implants is related to the growing popularity of dental implantology. This paper discusses the occlusion design of the edentulous implant prosthesis and the relationships between stress change and the alveolar bone and between the occlusal design and implantation complications. The horizontal relationship of condyle, the design of the canine-guided occlusion, and the similarities and differences between the dental implant and the natural teeth on biteforce response are mentioned.
Alveolar Bone Loss ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Dental Occlusion ; Dental Prosthesis Design ; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported ; Dental Restoration Failure ; Humans ; Jaw, Edentulous ; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially