Objective To evaluate the inter-rater reliability and validity of Chinese version Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease: Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NAB) in discriminating mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods 52 old people (31 normal elderly, 21 MCI, according to the Petersen's criterion) were assessed with CERAD-NAB-C. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. Results The ICC was 0.945~1 in subtests of CERAD-NAB. The AUC was 0.747, the sensitivity and specificity of total score was 0.52 and 0.90 respectively at a cut-off score of 62.5. J3, J8, and total score had higher AUC than other subtests in discriminating MCI from normals. Conclusion The inter- rater reliability of CERAD-NAB was perfect, and the validity was satisfactory in discriminating MCI from normals

Objective To study the 2244G→A, 2299 A→G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' regulatory regions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in patients with Gram negative bacteria infection in Shenzhen locality, and to discuss the occurrence, course and prognosis of patients with sepsis. Method Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect the genotype of TLR4. After the whole blood DNA of patient was extracted and PCR was amplified, the products were 500bp and 599 bp, and were cut by endonuclease Mae Ⅱ and Sph Ⅰ respectively to determine the SNP 2244G→A and 2299 A→G in TLR4. These two kinds of allele frequencies were statistically calculated in all patients. In the meantime, the incidence of septic shock, average hospitalized days, cost and prognosis of all patients were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 16 software. ANOVA was used for comparison among multiple groups, and t -test and Sighed rank test were used for paired comparison. Results The 2299 and 2244 sites in the 5' regulatory regions of TLR4 gene of patients with Gram negative bacteria infection in Shenzhen locality had various degrees of changes in single nucleotide. Compared with the documented data from Chinese people in general, there was a significant difference in 2299A→G genotype frequency in residents of Shenzhen locality ( P < 0.05). But there were no statistically significant difference in mortality, incidence of septic shock, average days of ICU stay or ICU cost between TLR4 SNP positive and negative groups of patients. Conclusions There is a wide range of genetic variation in the 2299 and 2244 sites in the 5' regulatory regions of TLR4 among citizens of Shenzhen locality with unique distribution. The 2299A→G genotype frequency probably has differences in distribution and population. The pathogenesis and the prognostic factors of sepsis are complicated, whereas the gene polymorphism may be just one of the factors affecting the prognosis of patients with Gram negative bacteria infection.

This paper presents the general principles and usual problems involved in the development of Institutional Review Board in research institutions. And suggestions are made in this regard. Meanwhile, it discusses two common difficult issues involved in ethical review.

Obesity as a global issue is a serious threat to children's health.To control childhood obesity must begin with effective preventions.Most studies have found that breast milk can protect against childhood obesity.It is recommended that children should be exclusively breastfed for at least 4-6 months.The duration of breastfeeding has some negative correlation with the prevalence of childhood obesity.Increasing the duration of breastfeeding can properly decrease the risk of childhood obesity.

Objective To study the effect of puerarin on the nitrogen monoxide(NO) concentration in rats with pre-eclampsia. Methods Thirty SD rats were selected and divided into three groups: normal pregnancy group, pre-eclampsia model group and puerarin group(10 rats in each group). We used endotoxin to set up the pre-eclampsia model rats on gestation 14th day and puerarin to treat these rats. The 24 hour urine protein on gestation 8th,15th,19th days were determined, as well as the heart rate, blood pressure on gestation 10th,15th,19th days. Nitrate reductase method was used to determine the plasma NO concentration of each group on gestation 21st day. Results (1) There was significant difference in urine protein concentration between the puerarin [(73 ? 20) ?g],pre-eclampsia [ (464 ? 57)?g], and normal pregnancy [(140 ? 12)?g], groups (which is equal to the value of urine protein of pregnancy 19th day subtracting that of pregnancy 8th day, P0.05).(4)There was significant difference in NO concentration (NO concentration at gestation 19th day subtracting that of 8th day) between the three groups(P

Objective To open pterygopalatine artery using autologous blood clot clogged the middle cerebral artery, resulting in cerebral infarction model of middle cerebral artery in the distal blood supply area.Methods Open PPA, ligation of ECA, embolus through CCA blood flow, rushed into the MCA distal embolus, cause infarction model. According to Bederson rating score the neural function.TTC staining to determine the infarction volume.Results Comparison of two operation models, scores were increased, and white infarcted area appears.There is no significant differences detected by statistical analysis.Conclusion Open PPA manufacturing cerebral infarction model rats of autologous blood clots could shorten the operation time, reduce the mortality rate.

Objective To evaluate whether estradiol can inhibit and cure the inflammation of experimental preeclampsia in rats. Methods Experimental preeclampsia was induced in 14-day-pregnant rats by infusion of endotoxin (1.0 ?g/kg). Rats with normal pregnancy were infused with sodium chloride solution.A group of preeclampsia rats was injected with 17?-estradiol (17?-E_2, 1 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ). Blood pressure, albuminuria,inflammation associated adhesion molecule CD_ 49d and tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?) were assessed. Results On pregnant day 19, for normal pregnancy group(group C) the blood pressure was (120.4?2.0)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),urinary protein (0.47?0.06)mg/24 hours;for experimental preeclampsia group(group A) blood pressure was (134.2?2.4) mm Hg,urinary protein(0.79?0.10)mg/24 hours; for experimental preeclampsia with 17?-E_2 treatment group (group B) blood pressure was(123.3?1.7)mm Hg,urinary protein (0.51?0.08)mg/24 hours. A significant increase of blood pressure and urinary albumin was observed in group A. CD_ 49d expression and TNF-? concentration were also increased. 17?-E_2 reduced the expression of CD_ 49d , concentration of TNF-?,blood pressure and albuminuria of experimental preeclampsia. However, the weight of fetuses in 17?-E_2 treatment group were less than that in other groups. Conclusion 17?-E_2 can improve the symptoms of experimental preeclampsia,but its effects on fetus need to be further studied.

BACKGROUND:Industrialization of new-born bovine serum and abundant resource of bovine lendon enable industrialization of medical collagen sponge.OBJECTIVE:To prepare collagen sponge with new-born bovine tendons by inoculating Veto cells,primary embryo skin cell of Tianzhu White Yak and lamb testicle cell of Minxian black fur sheep of the tissue scaffold of collagen sponge.and observe the biocompatibility of collagen sponge with three different cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Repetitive measurement was performed at the Key Laboratory of State Nationalities Afrairs Committee,College of Life Sciences and Engineering,Northwest University for Nationalities from February to May 2006.MATERIALS:Tendons of new-born bovine within 24 hours were digested by glacial acetic acid and pepsinum firstly and then salting-out,dialysis and vacum freeze drying were performed to prepare collagen sponge.f2 passage of embryo skin cells of Tianzhu Whit Yak and f2 passage of lamb testicle cells of Minxian black fur sheep were prepared by out laboratory;Vero cells were provided by Union Medical University.METHODS:In a 6-hole plate,the Vero cell,embryo skin cells of Tianzhu White Yak and lamb testicle cells of Minxian Black Fur Sheep were inoculated into the collagen sponge pretreated by ultraviolet and sterilized by ozone.and incubated in 5%CO2 at 37℃.In addition,cells only inoculated ia a culture plate served as control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe cell growth condition in the collagen sponge and 6-hole plate at 5,12,24 and 72 hours.In addition,Coomassie brilliant blue as well as HE staining were conducted at 11 days after culture to identify the culture.RESULTS:Five hours after inoculation,cell adherence and expansion was observed at the bottom of culture plate.and some of the cells showed division.On the surface of collagen sponge.a round cell arrangement was observed.After inoculation of 48-72 hours,monolayer was found at the bottom of the plate.On the 11th day of culture.Coomassie brilliant blue and HE staining of three kinds of cells showed there were lager amount of cells well grew in the holes of collagen sponge,and the collagen sponge turned to be eminent,transparent and tenacious.CONCLUSION:The collagen sponge made from new-born bovine tendons exhibit good biocompatibility with three kinds of cells from different animals and tissues,and can be served as culture seaffoId of skin cells,tenal ceils.and testicle cells.

Objective To observe the influence of oleanolic acid on the ethology of 9-month-old mice,the completeness of synapsis structure and the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in cortex and hippocampus.Methods Thirty 9-month-old healthy male SMAP8 mice were randomly divided into model group,oleanolic acid group and aricept group,and with 10 rats in each group,while 10 healthy male mice of the same age and species as normal group.Oleanolic acid group and aricept group were given intragastric administration with corresponding drugs,while the normal group and model group were given the same amount of physiological saline.4 weeks later,the ethology changes were observed by Morris water maze and morphology changes of hippocampus neurons were viewed by electron microscope and the expression of CREB was detected by Western Blot.Results (1)Morris water maze results suggested that compared with the normal group,the latency time in the model group mice was longer,which were ((83.33±4.96) s,(75.13±6.01) s,(71.75±7.77) s,(63.40± 8.93) s,(60.97±8.38) s),while compared with the model group,the latency time in the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group was remarkably shorter (P＜ 0.05),which were (75.97± 4.49) s,(64.98± 4.93) s,(64.16± 6.23) s,(53.47±5.99) s,(47.91±7.64) s and (71.30±7.65) s,(63.32±7.57) s,(59.82±4.69) s,(52.28±5.90) s,(46.22±7.27) s respectively.In the spatial probe trial,compared with tbe normal group,the crossing times of the model was less,while compared with the model one,the crossing times of the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group was more(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with the normal group,the number of synapses in the model group was smaller,in which the synaptic cleft was mixed with the front of synapses severely swollen,uninform synaptic vesicles and few clear outlines of mitochondrias.While the oleanolic acid group and the aricept group had clear synapses outlines with the front of synapses slightly swollen,intensive and uniform synaptic vesicles and clear mitochondrias with their cristae not easy to be seen.(3) The Western Blot showed that compared with the normal group,there was a decline in the CREB expression both in the cortex and hippocampus in the model group,while compared with the model group,there was a rise in the oleanolic acid group as well as the aricept group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Oleanolic acid can improve the learning and memorizing of model rats,which is possibly related to the increased expression of CREB protein to protect the synapses structure of model mice.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on hepatocytes early growth response factor 1 ( EGR-1 ) in a rat liver autotransplantation. Methods The rat portal vein perfusion model was established for donor liver autotransplantation. Rats were then divided into group A:hypoxic preconditioning was done before transplantation; group B: rats undergoing liver transplantation without preconditioning; group C: Normal control group of rats. Liver histopathological changes, the mRNA expression of HIF-1, TNF-1 and the WB results of EGR-1 were compared between groups. Results The expression of HIF-1 α RNA determined in group A was more obvious than in group B and group C. Six hours after surgery, the expression in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (t =9. 601, df= 10, 2-tailed Sig = 0. 000, P<0. 05 ) ; Egr-1 protein expression in group A and group B increased after surgery,with that in group A being significantly lower than that in group B. The RT-PCR expression of TNF-α RNA in group B compared with group A and group C was more obvious. Six hours after operation, the expression of TNF in group B was significantly higher than that in group A ( t = -12. 067, df = 10, 2-tailed Sig =0. 000, P<0. 05 ). The expression of Egr-1 was positively correlated with that of TNF. A liver cell pathology showed less severe injury in structure of hepatic lobule, mild swelling of liver cells, no significant changes in liver tissue. Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning adaptation in rat liver transplantation generates modest increase in EGR-1, and reduces the production of TNF and other inflammatory factors.