ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoji Hufei Formula in protecting children with close contact exposure to influenza， and to provide reference and evidence-based support for better clinical prevention and treatment of influenza in children. MethodsA multicenter， prospective， non-randomized， parallel， controlled trial was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 in five hospitals， including Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Confirmed influenza cases and influenza-like illness （ILI） cases were collected， and eligible children with close contact exposure to these cases were recruited in the outpatient clinics. According to whether the enrolled close contacts were willing to take Xiaoji Hufei formula for influenza prevention， they were assigned to the observation group （108 cases） or the control group （108 cases）. Follow-up visits were conducted on days 7 and 14 after enrollment. The primary outcomes were the incidence of ILI and the rate of laboratory-confirmed influenza. Secondary outcomes included traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score scale for influenza， influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate， influenza hospitalization rate， and time to onset after exposure to influenza cases. ResultsA total of 216 participants were enrolled， with 108 in the observation group and 108 in the control group. Primary outcomes： （1） Incidence of ILI： The incidence was 12.0% （13/108） in the observation group and 23.1% （25/108） in the control group， with the observation group showing a significantly lower incidence （χ²=4.6， P<0.05）. （2） Influenza confirmation rate： 3.7% （4/108） in the observation group and 4.6% （5/108） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference. Secondary outcomes： （1） TCM symptom score scale： after onset， nasal congestion and runny nose scores differed significantly between the two groups （P<0.05）， while other symptoms such as fever， sore throat， and cough showed no significant differences. （2） Influenza-related emergency （outpatient） visit rate： 84.6% （11 cases） in the observation group and 96.0% （24 cases） in the control group， with no significant difference. （3） Time to onset after exposure： The median onset time after exposure to index patients was 7 days in the observation group and 4 days in the control group， with a statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. ConclusionIn previously healthy children exposed to infectious influenza cases under unprotected conditions， Xiaoji Hufei formula prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of ILI. Xiaoji Hufei Formula can be recommended as a specific preventive prescription for influenza in children.

Objective: Intrathyroid thymic carcinoma（ITTC） is a rare thyroid tumor that lacks typical clinical manifestations and imaging features, making preoperative diagnosis challenging.The primary treatment for ITTC is radical surgery; however, the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy post-surgery is not well-established. This paper presents a case of ITTC , analyzing the clinical data and correlating it with the literature to explore the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment, and prognosis of ITTC.
Humans ; Prognosis ; Thymoma ; Thymus Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology*

Objective To investigate whether an association existed between elevated serum β2-microglobulin levels and post stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).Methods A total of 140 patients with ischemic stroke in Wenzhou People's Hospital during December 2022 to December 2023 were prospectively were enrolled including 73 patients in the PSCI group and 67 patients in the non-post stroke cognitive impairment(PSNCI)group.Serum β2-microglobulin and other biochemical indicators were measured within 24 hours after admission.PSCI was assessed using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score with a threshold of≥27 points serving as the diagnostic criterion.Results The age,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score at admission,proportion of low education level,proportion of multiple or large area infarction and serum β2-microglobulin level in the PSCI group were higher than those in the PSNCI group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,NIHSS score at admission,multiple or large area infarction and serum β2-microglobulin level were risk factors for PSCI,and education level was a protective factor for PSCI.Conclusion The increase of β2-microglobulin level is a risk factor for cognitive impairment after ischemic stroke.The detection of β2-microglobulin level in stroke patients may realize the early detection of PSCI.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of single-pill combination(SPC)of perindopril and amlodipine for the treatment of hypertension and provide reference for the selection and rational use in medical institutions.Methods A comprehensive clinical evaluation index system was established based on literature research and expert demonstration.Therefore,the safety,effectiveness,economy,innovation,suitability and accessibility of drugs were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.Results A total of 12 studies reported the outcome of perindopril and amlodipine SPC,including efficacy and safety.Perindopril amlodipine SPC was safe,and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events during treatment compared with monotherapy,monotherapy combination or other antihypertensive SPC.In terms of effectiveness,perindopril and amlodipine SPC had clear antihypertensive effect,which could significantly reduce systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,pulse pressure difference and heart rate,and the blood pressure compliance rate of perindopril and amlodipine SPC was better than that of amlodipine or perindopril monotherapy group.Compared with other depressurized SPCs,it showed better or non-inferior effect.Perindopril amlodipine SPC,as a patented drug,has good innovation,high patient compliance,and has been included in China's medical insurance catalog,but the current medical institutions have a low supply rate,and drug prices and affordability are still at a relatively high level.Conclusion Perindopril amlodipine SPC has significant advantages in safety,effectiveness,suitability and innovation,but its economy and accessibility still need to be improved.

Bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLF)are compounds extracted from bamboo leaves,possessing properties including antioxidant,antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.This study aimed to investigate the effects of BLF on liver damage,antioxidant function,and related gene expression in rats induced by diquat(DQ).Thirty-two 5-week-old male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups:the control group(Con),1 000 mg/kg BLF group(BLF),DQ stress group(DQ),and 1 000 mg/kg BLF+DQ stress group(BLF-DQ).The results showed that compared to the Con,the DQ group exhibited significantly decreased serum AST lev-els(P＜0.05),as well as decreased levels of T-AOC,GPX,SOD,and CAT in the liver(P＜0.05),and increased MDA levels in rats(P＜0.05).Additionally,the gene expression levels of HO-1,GPX,CAT,SOD1,and Nrf2 in the liver were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).In contrast,1 000 mg/kg BLF significantly decreased serum AST and ALT levels(P＜0.05),increased levels of T-AOC,GPX,CAT,and SOD in liver(P＜0.05),and significantly increased gene expression of HO-1,GPX,CAT,SOD1,Nrf2,and NQO1(P＜0.05).Compared to the DQ group,BLF-DQ significant-ly decreased liver index(P＜0.05),reduced serum AST and ALT levels(P＜0.05),increased lev-els of CAT,GPX,and T-AOC in liver(P＜0.05),decreased MDA levels(P＜0.05),and signifi-cantly upregulated gene expression levels of HO-1,GPX,CAT,SOD1,and Nrf2(P＜0.05).These findings indicated that BLF alleviate liver damage caused by DQ stress in rats,improve liver an-tioxidant function inhibition,activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway and PINK/Parkin mitophagy-re-lated gene expression.

The effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide(IRPS)on TLR3/TRIF innate immune path-way and type Ⅰ interferon secretion in 3D4/21/CD163 cells infected by porcine reproductive and re-spiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)was tested by Western blot and ELISA;moreover,the effect of IRPS on the immunosuppression infected by PRRSV was further verified with the TLR3 agonist poly(I∶C).The results showed that the protein levels of TLR3,TRIF,IRF3,IRF7 and type Ⅰ in-terferon secretion were significantly decreased at 18,24 h of PRRSV infection,while IRPS signifi-cantly inhibited this process;poly(I∶C)alleviated the protein levels of TRIF,IRF3 and IRF7 as well as the phosphorylation levels of IRF3 and IRF7 infected by PRRSV;at the same time,IRPS is synergistic with poly(I∶C).The results indicate that IRPS is able to alleviate immunosuppression caused by PRRSV infection via the TLR3/TRIF pathway.

Objectives:To establish a risk prediction model for gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery,and to verify the prediction efficacy. Methods:A total of 1 002 patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery in the department of cardiac great vascular surgery of our hospital from January 2019 to November 2023 were collected by convenient sampling method.They were divided into gastrointestinal bleeding group(n=47)and non-gastrointestinal bleeding group(n=955).Logistic regression analysis was used to establish the risk prediction model,and the area under ROC curve test and Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test were used to compare the two groups of data Model prediction effect.Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. Results:The risk prediction model of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery included four predictors:time of aortic occlusion(OR=1.021,95%CI:1.012-1.030),history of digestive disease(OR=5.710,95%CI:1.697-19.212),use of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation(OR=22.180,95%CI:5.870-83.808),and continuous kidney replacement therapy(OR=12.159,95%CI:5.066-29.181).Model formula:Logit(P)=-5.821+0.021×time of aortic occlusion+1.742×history of digestive disease+3.099×whether intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was used+2.498×whether continuous renal replacement therapy was used.The area under ROC curve was 0.812(95%CI:0.746-0.877),sensitivity was 64.6%,specificity was 85.7%,and Youden index was 0.503.After internal validation by Bootstrap method,the consistency index after correction is 0.813. Conclusions:The risk prediction model constructed in this study cohort has a good auxiliary prediction performance for the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery,which is helpful for risk stratification for gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and facilitate clinical decision-making in daily clinical work.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of BRAF inhibitor vermorafenib on the treat-ment of refractory craniopharyngioma carrying BRAF-V600E mutation.Methods Clinical data of two patients with refractory craniopharyngiomas(CP)were recorded and reviewed.The patients were followed up for 3-5 years.Lit-erature on CPs receiving BRAF or BRAF/MEK therapy was reviewed.Results 1)Papillary CP progressed after multiple operations and radiotherapy in two patients.Further treatments were very difficult.2)The presence of BRAF-V600E mutation in the tumor was confirmed,and vermorafenib was administered for 6.5-7.5 months.Tumor volumes remarkably shrank by 95%-99%.No tumor relapse was observed during the follow-up of 3-5 years after discontinuation of vemurafenib.3)The main adverse reaction was rash,which was dose dependent.4)Litera-ture review showed the volume shrank by 50%-100%in 33/34 tumors during BRAF or BRAF/MEK inhibitor therapy.Conclusions BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is effective in treating refractory craniopharyngioma carrying BRAF-V600E mutation with endurable side effects,which may bring some changes to the management of CP in future.